Optimization conditions of UV-C radiation combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) lycopene extract

The aim of this work was to study the effect of UV-C radiation on ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of cherry tomato bioactive compounds. Cherry tomatoes were exposed to two UV-C radiation doses (0.5 and 1.0 J cm−2 ) and stored at 20 ± 0.5 oC for 7 days. Next, they were lyophilized, and the bioactive compounds were extracted by UAE at 20 KHz. To evaluate the effectiveness of the extraction process of the bioactive compounds, a CCRD (central composite rotational design) was used together with RSM (response surface methodology), for extraction times from 4 to 12 minutes and concentrations (g of lyophilized product / L of ethanol) of 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30. The extracts obtained from the irradiated tomatoes presented 5.8 times more lycopene content than the controls and higher antioxidant activity was obtained for 4 and 8 min, in the concentrations 1:10 and 1:20 (m v−1). Through numerical model optimization, optimal extraction conditions were obtained. The results demonstrated that by previously irradiating tomatoes with UV-C light, the UAE yielded considerably higher amounts of lycopene and other bioactives.CNPq (National Council of Technological and Scientific Development, Brazil), Erasmus Mundus action 2; Fellow Mundus Project; Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering (UFSC - Brazil) and the Department of Food Engineering (UAlg - Portugal) .info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of cajazeira leaves (Spondias mombin) extracts

Cajazeira leaves (Spondias mombin) have their highlighted use as antioxidant and natural antimicrobial, which justifies the objective of this work to evaluate the biological activities of different extracts. In order to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of the cajazeira leaves, extractions at low pressure and high pressure were performed. The low pressure extractions (PLE) were carried out using Soxhlet (SOX) and tip ultrasound, using different solvents. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was evaluated at temperature of 40-60 degrees C and pressure of 150-300 bar besides extraction with cosolvent. Higher yields were obtained with the use of more polar solvents at LPE. The extracts obtained by SOX with ethanol and others polar solvents presented the best TPC values and antioxidant activity. The extracts at LPE with hexane and ethyl acetate and SFE presented better antimicrobial activity. Through liquid chromatography of high efficiency, it was possible to identify compounds with recognized biological activity, like ellagic acid, gallic acid and catechin.CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)CAPESEuropean Commission, through Erasmus Mundus Progra

Comparison Between Cachaça And Rum Using Pattern Recognition Methods

The differentiation between cachaça and rum using analytical data referred to alcohols (methanol, propanol, isobutanol, and isopentanol), acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, organic acids (octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid), metals (Al, Ca, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Na, and Zn), and polyphenols (protocatechuic acid, sinapaldehyde, syringaldehyde, ellagic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, vanillic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, coniferaldehyde, coniferyl alcohol, kaempferol, and quercetin) is described. The organic and metal analyte contents were determined in 18 cachaça and 21 rum samples using chromatographic methods (GC-MS, GC-FID, and HPLC-UV-vis) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, respectively. The analytical data of the above compounds, when treated by principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and K-nearest neighbor analysis, provide a very good discrimination between the two classes of beverages.521134293433Vancocelos, Y., Cachaça sem mistério (2003) Pesquisa FAPESP, 87, pp. 74-77Decreto FederalBrasil N 4.072, Jan 3, 2002, Art. 91Boscolo, M., Bezerra, C.W.B., Cardoso, D.R., Lima-Neto, B.S., Franco, D.W., Identification and dosage by HRGC of minor alcohols and esters in Brazilian sugar-cane spirit (2000) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 11, pp. 86-90Nascimento, R.F., Cardoso, D.R., Lima-Neto, B.S., Franco, D.W., Determination of acids in Brazilian sugar cane spirits and other alcoholic beverages by HRGC-SPE (1998) Chromatographia, 48 (11-12), pp. 751-758Nascimento, R.F., Cardoso, D.R., Keukeleire, D., Lima-Neto, B.S., Franco, D.W., Quantitative HPLC analysis of acids in Brazilian cachaça and various spirits using fluorescence detection of their 9-anthrylmethyl esters (2000) J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, pp. 6070-6073Bettin, S.M., Isique, W.D., Franco, D.W., Andersen, M.L., Knudsen, S., Skibsted, L.H., Phenols and metals in sugar-cane spirits. Quantitative analysis and effect on radical formation and radical scavenging (2002) Eur. Food Res. Technol., 215, pp. 169-175Nascimento, R.F., Bezerra, C.W., Furuya, S.M.B., Schultz, M.S., Polastro, L.R., Lima-Neto, B.S., Franco, D.W., Metal profiles of Brazilian cachaças and other international spirits (1999) J. Food Compos. Anal., 12, pp. 17-25Nicol, D.A., Chapter rum (2003) Fermented Beverage Production, 2nd Ed., pp. 263-287. , Lea, A. G. H., Piggott, J. R., Eds.Kluwer Academic/Plenum Plubishers: New WorkFernández, P.L., Pablos, F., Martín, M.J., González, A.G., Multi-element analysis of tea beverages by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (2002) Food Chem., 76, pp. 483-489Bellido-Milla, D., Moreno-Perez, J.M., Hernández-Artiga, M.P., Differentiation and classificafion of beers with flame atomic spectrometry and molecular absorption spectrometry and sample preparation assisted by microwaves (2000) Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 55, pp. 855-864Arvanitoyannis, I.S., Katsota, M.N., Psarra, E.P., Soufleros, E.H., Kallithraka, S., Application of quality control methods for assessing wine authenticity: Use of multivariate analysis (chemometrics) (1999) Trends Food Sci. Technol., 10, pp. 321-336Pozo-Bayón, M.A., Pueyo, E., Martín-Álvarez, P.J., Polo, M.C., Polydimethylsiloxane solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography method for the analysis of volatile compounds in wines Its application to the characterization of varietal wines (2001) J. Chromatogr., A, 922, pp. 267-275Martin, M.J., Pablos, F., González, G., Valdenebro, M.S., León-Camacho, M., Fatty acids profiles as discriminant parameters for coffee varieties differentiation (2001) Talanta, 54, pp. 291-297Valera, P., Pablos, F., González, G., Classification of tea samples by their chemical composition using discriminant analysis (1996) Talanta, 43, pp. 415-419Pet'ka, J., Mocàk, J., Farkas, P., Balla, B., Kovac, M., Classification of Slovak varietal white wines by volatile compounds (2001) J. Sci. Food Agric., 81, pp. 1533-1539Aylott, R.I., Clyne, A.H., Fox, A.P., Walker, D.A., Analytical strategies to confirm Scotch whisky authenticity (1994) Analyst, 119, pp. 1741-1746González-Arjona, D., González-Gallero, V., Pablos, F., González, A.G., Authentication and differentiation of Irish whiskeys by higher-alcohol congener analysis (1999) Anal. Chim. Acta, 381, pp. 257-264Saxberg, B.E., Duewer, D.L., Booker, J.L., Pattern recognition blind assay applied to forensic separation of whiskies (1978) Anal. Chim. Acta, 103, pp. 201-212Herranz, A., Serna, P., Barro, C., Multivariete statistical methods applied to the differentiation of rum brands (1990) J. Sci. Food Agric., 51, pp. 555-560Etiévant, P., Schlich, P., Cantagrel, R., Bertrand, A., Bouvier, J.C., Varietal and geographic classification of french red wines in terms of major acids (1989) J. Sci. Food Agric., 46, pp. 421-438Aguilar-Cisnero, B.O., López, M.G., Richling, E., Heckel, F., Schreier, P., Tequila authenticity assessment by headspace SPME-HRCG-IRMS analysis of 13C/ 12C and 18O 16O ratios of ethanol (2002) J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, pp. 7520-7523Beebe, K.R., Pell, R.J., Seasholtz, M.B., Pattern recognition (1998) Chemometrics: A Practical Guide, pp. 62-125. , Wiley: New YorkFerreira, M.M.C., Multivariate QSAR (2002) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 13, pp. 742-753Wold, S., Josephson, M., Multivariate calibration of analytical data (2000) Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, pp. 9710-9736. , Wiley: Chichester, U.

Can land use changes alter carbon, nitrogen and major ion transport in subtropical brazilian streams? Modificações no uso da terra podem alterar o transporte fluvial de carbono, nitrogênio e íons maiores?

Several studies in tropical watersheds have evaluated the impact of urbanization and agricultural practices on water quality. In Brazil, savannas (known regionally as Cerrados) represent 23% of the country's surface, representing an important share to the national primary growth product, especially due to intense agriculture. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive evaluation, on a yearly basis, of carbon, nitrogen and major ion fluxes in streams crossing areas under different land use (natural vegetation, sugar cane and eucalyptus) in a savanna region of SE Brazil. Eucalyptus and sugar cane alter the transport of the investigated elements in small watersheds. The highest concentration of all parameters (abiotic parameters, ions, dissolved organic carbon DOC - and dissolved inorganic carbon - DIC) were found in Sugar Cane Watersheds (SCW). The observed concentrations of major cations in Eucalyptus Watersheds (EW) (Mg, Ca, K, Na), as well as DIN and DOC, were found frequently to be intermediate values between those of Savanna Watersheds (SW) and SCW, suggesting a moderate impact of eucalyptus plantations on the streamwater. Same trends were found in relation to ion and nutrient fluxes, where the higher values corresponded to SCW. It is suggested that sugar cane plantations might be playing an important role in altering the chemistry of water bodies.<br>Diversos estudos têm sido desenvolvidos em bacias de drenagem tropicais no intuito de avaliar o impacto da urbanização e das práticas agrícolas na qualidade dos corpos d'água. No Brasil, as savanas (conhecidas regionalmente como Cerrado) representam 23% do território brasileiro, sendo uma região importante no crescimento nacional, especialmente devido às intensas atividades agrícolas. A finalidade deste trabalho é apresentar uma avaliação dos fluxos de carbono, nitrogênio e principais íons em córregos com diferentes usos do solo (vegetação, cana de açúcar e eucalipto) em uma região de Cerrado, SE Brasil. A cana de açúcar e o eucalipto alteram o transporte dos elementos investigados nessas pequenas bacias de drenagem. As concentrações mais elevadas de todos os parâmetros analisados (parâmetros abióticos, íons, carbono orgânico dissolvido e carbono inorgânico dissolvido) foram encontradas na bacia de cana de açúcar (SCW). As concentrações observadas para os cátions na bacia do eucalipto (EW) (Mg, Ca, K, Na), assim como Carbono Inorgânico Dissolvido (CID) e Carbono Orgânico Dissolvido (COD), apresentaram valores intermediários entre as bacias do Cerrado e da cana de açúcar, sugerindo um impacto moderado dessa plantação aos corpos d'água. Mesma tendência foi observada para os fluxos de íons e nutrientes, sendo, novamente, os maiores valores encontrados na bacia de cana-de-açúcar. Os autores sugerem que o cultivo da cana de açúcar representa um importante fator na modificação da química de pequenas bacias de drenagem