Rede de cooperação no êxito de iniciativas voltadas para a utilização de composto orgânico na produção de hortaliças por pequenos agricultores em Camaçari-Ba.

Este trabalho apresenta resultados da interação da pesquisa e da extensão na avaliação do efeito de composto orgânico no beneficiamento de solos agrícolas, instrumentalização de agricultores a pratica da agricultura orgânica e a valorização de produtos orgânicos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em sistema de rede de cooperação com participação de instituições publicas, privadas, desenvolvimento de pesquisa de mestrado, alunos de graduação e pequenos agricultores. A rede busca a preservação do patrimônio ambiental através do reaproveitamento de lixo orgânico e o beneficiamento de solos com composto orgânico. A pesquisa de mestrado avaliou efeitos do composto na produção de hortaliças empregando-se indicadores de sustentabilidade. A disciplina da graduação desenvolve atividades praticas com cunho socioambiental. O experimento cientifico foi realizado na propriedade dos agricultores que acompanharam o efeito do composto proveniente de resíduos orgânicos no incremento da produção de hortaliças. Os resultados alcançados com este trabalho mostram a importância do sistema de rede de cooperação na integração da pesquisa e da extensão

Axial sampling height outperforms site as predictor of wood trait variation

Covariation amongst wood traits along the stem axis is important to maintain hydraulic integrity ensuring sufficient sap flow to the canopy. Here, we test how wood traits (co)vary along the trunk and whether two seasonally dry Brazilian habitats (cerrado and caatinga) influence this variation in two co-occurring species, Tocoyena formosa (Rubiaceae) and Tabebuia aurea (Bignoniaceae). The samples were collected at five heights along the main trunk of three individuals per species in both sites. We used light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy to observe the wood traits. Out of 13 wood traits, nine show relationships with sampling height: eight traits predict height in T. formosa and five in T. aurea. Contrastingly, only three traits show differences between sites and only for T. formosa. The intratrunk wood variation is reflected by the hydraulically weighted vessel diameter showing a curvilinear relationship, disagreeing with the prediction of a continuous vessel widening from tip to base. In both species, the largest vessels are linked to the thinnest intervessel pit membranes. Wood density increases basipetally for both species, being site-dependent and correlated with vessel traits in T. formosa, and site-independent and determined by fiber wall thickness in T. aurea. Furthermore, the functional role of rays was found to be different for each species, and may be related to the marked difference in ray composition. In conclusion, both species show a unique adaptation to deal with height-related constraints using species-specific co-variation amongst wood traits, while site does not contribute much to the wood variation.Plant science

HASTE INTRAMEDULAR DE POLIPROPILENO, COMBINADA OU NÃO A BIOMATERIAIS, NO TRATAMENTO DE FRATURAS INDUZIDAS NO ÚMERO DE POMBOS

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização da haste intramedular de polipropileno, combinada ou não a biomateriais de origem bovina, no tratamento de fraturas transversas induzidas no terço médio do úmero direito de pombos-domésticos. No grupo I (n=7), a fratura foi estabilizada por meio de haste intramedular de polipropileno aplicada em ambos os fragmentos da fratura, sem ultrapassar as articulações. No grupo II (n=7) utilizou-se a mesma fixação, porém foi aplicado junto ao foco de fratura uma mistura de biomateriais, constituída de proteínas morfogenéticas do osso e aglutinante de colágeno liofilizado. Em ambos os grupos, a asa foi imobilizada junto ao corpo com bandagem em forma de 8 por um período de 30 dias. Com seis semanas de pós-operatório, cinco fraturas do grupo I e quatro do grupo II estavam totalmente consolidadas. Foram observadas uma não consolidação hipertrófica (grupo I) e duas não consolidações com deslocamento do eixo ósseo (grupo II). Exceto as três aves que apresentaram complicações nas fraturas, as demais recuperaram a capacidade de vôo. Foi possível concluir que a haste intramedular de polipropileno foi um método de imobilização de eficácia limitada e os biomateriais utilizados não estimularam a consolidação das fraturas. Use of polypropylene intramedullary rod alone or combined with biomaterials for treatment of induced humeral transverse fractures in pigeons Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate a polypropylene intramedullary rod alone or combined with biomaterials from bovine origin for the treatment of transverse fractures induced in the midshaft of right humerus in pigeons. In group I (n=7) the fracture was immobilized using a polypropylene intramedullary rod inserted into both fractured extremities without entering the joints. The same device was used in group II (n=7). Additionally, the fractured site in group II animals received a mixture of biomaterials composed by bone morphogenetic proteins and lyophilized collagen. In both groups a cast was applied to the affected wing, which was immobilized with a figure-of-8 bandage applied to the body and wing during 30 days. Complete healing was observed after six weeks of surgery in five and four animals from groups I and II, respectively. Observed complications included one hypertrophic nonunion (group I) and two nonunion with bone shaft dislocation (group II). Except for the three pigeons that showed postoperative complications, the remaining animals recovered the ability of flight. It was possible to conclude that the polypropylene intramedullary rod is a limited method of immobilization and the biomaterials used in this study did not stimulate fracture healing

Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper modulates macrophage polarization and apoptotic cell clearance.

Macrophages are professional phagocytes that display remarkable plasticity, with a range of phenotypes that can be broadly characterized by the M1/M2 dichotomy. Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a protein known to mediate anti-inflammatory and some pro-resolving actions, including as neutrophil apoptosis. However, the role of GILZ in key macrophage function is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of GILZ on macrophage reprogramming and efferocytosis. Using murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), we found that GILZ was expressed in naive BMDMs and exhibited increased expression in M2-like macrophages (IL4-differentiated). M1-like macrophages (IFN/LPS-differentiated) from GILZ-/- mice showed higher expression of the M1 markers CD86, MHC class II, iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α, associated with increased levels of phosphorylated STAT1 and lower IL-10 levels, compared to M1-differentiated cells from WT mice. There were no changes in the M2 markers CD206 and arginase-1 in macrophages from GILZ-/- mice differentiated with IL-4, compared to cells from WT animals. Treatment of M1-like macrophages with TAT-GILZ, a cell-permeable GILZ fusion protein, decreased the levels of CD86 and MHC class II in M1-like macrophages without modifying CD206 levels in M2-like macrophages. In line with the in vitro data, increased numbers of M1-like macrophages were found into the pleural cavity of GILZ-/- mice after LPS-injection, compared to WT mice. Moreover, efferocytosis was defective in the context of GILZ deficiency, both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, treatment of LPS-injected mice with TAT-GILZ promoted inflammation resolution, associated with lower numbers of M1-like macrophages and increased efferocytosis. Collectively, these data indicate that GILZ is a regulator of important macrophage functions, contributing to macrophage reprogramming and efferocytosis, both key steps for the resolution of inflammation

The role of boundary conditions on the dynamics of green coffee beans in a rotated dryer

[EN] Coffee drying and roasting are usually performed in rotated dryers; therefore, the study of particle dynamics in this equipment is of great relevance to improve their efficiency and hence the quality of the final product. Thus, this work aimed to investigate experimentally and numerically the dynamics of coffee beans in a rotary dryer. The Euler-Euler model was employed to reproduce the particle velocity profile in the rolling regime under different boundary conditions. The results shown that the lower specularity coefficient (0.01), which characterizes the smooth wall and free slip condition, reproduced the bed behavior that most resembled the experimental one. On the other hand, the other coefficients (0.1 and 1.0) showed an increasing deformation in the bed surface, different from the observed experimental behavior. It was also verified that, as the filling degree increases, the bed surface deformation becomes more pronounced.The authors would like to thank FAPEMIG, CNPq and CAPES for the financial resources assigned to carry out this work.Machado, M.; Resende, I.; Lima, R.; Brandão, R.; Pivello, M.; Nascimento, S.; Duarte, C.... (2018). The role of boundary conditions on the dynamics of green coffee beans in a rotated dryer. En IDS 2018. 21st International Drying Symposium Proceedings. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 331-338. https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7455OCS33133