Les programmes de formation initiale (FI) à l’enseignement : Bilan des réformes récentes et nouvelles tendances pour une formation professionnelle efficace

La question directrice qui oriente cette étude est la suivante : Dans l’état actuel de nos connaissances et compte tenu de l’expérience accumulée après plus d’une décennie de réformes de la formation des maîtres en Amérique du Nord, comment concevoir et mettre en pratique dans les facultés et/ou les départements d’éducation des programmes de formation initiale des enseignants qui soient pleinement adaptés aux besoins et réalités du travail enseignant en milieu scolaire, et, par conséquent, aux rôles et compétences exigés aujourd’hui des praticiens de l’enseignement des niveaux primaire et secondaire

Field Measurements of Terrestrial and Martian Dust Devils

Surface-based measurements of terrestrial and martian dust devils/convective vortices provided from mobile and stationary platforms are discussed. Imaging of terrestrial dust devils has quantified their rotational and vertical wind speeds, translation speeds, dimensions, dust load, and frequency of occurrence. Imaging of martian dust devils has provided translation speeds and constraints on dimensions, but only limited constraints on vertical motion within a vortex. The longer mission durations on Mars afforded by long operating robotic landers and rovers have provided statistical quantification of vortex occurrence (time-of-sol, and recently seasonal) that has until recently not been a primary outcome of more temporally limited terrestrial dust devil measurement campaigns. Terrestrial measurement campaigns have included a more extensive range of measured vortex parameters (pressure, wind, morphology, etc.) than have martian opportunities, with electric field and direct measure of dust abundance not yet obtained on Mars. No martian robotic mission has yet provided contemporaneous high frequency wind and pressure measurements. Comparison of measured terrestrial and martian dust devil characteristics suggests that martian dust devils are larger and possess faster maximum rotational wind speeds, that the absolute magnitude of the pressure deficit within a terrestrial dust devil is an order of magnitude greater than a martian dust devil, and that the time-of-day variation in vortex frequency is similar. Recent terrestrial investigations have demonstrated the presence of diagnostic dust devil signals within seismic and infrasound measurements; an upcoming Mars robotic mission will obtain similar measurement types

Control of Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization by Adenine Nucleotide Translocator Interacting with HIV-1 Viral Protein R and Bcl-2

Viral protein R (Vpr), an apoptogenic accessory protein encoded by HIV-1, induces mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) via a specific interaction with the permeability transition pore complex, which comprises the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in the outer membrane (OM) and the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) in the inner membrane. Here, we demonstrate that a synthetic Vpr-derived peptide (Vpr52-96) specifically binds to the intermembrane face of the ANT with an affinity in the nanomolar range. Taking advantage of this specific interaction, we determined the role of ANT in the control of MMP. In planar lipid bilayers, Vpr52-96 and purified ANT cooperatively form large conductance channels. This cooperative channel formation relies on a direct protein–protein interaction since it is abolished by the addition of a peptide corresponding to the Vpr binding site of ANT. When added to isolated mitochondria, Vpr52-96 uncouples the respiratory chain and induces a rapid inner MMP to protons and NADH. This inner MMP precedes outer MMP to cytochrome c. Vpr52-96–induced matrix swelling and inner MMP both are prevented by preincubation of purified mitochondria with recombinant Bcl-2 protein. In contrast to König's polyanion (PA10), a specific inhibitor of the VDAC, Bcl-2 fails to prevent Vpr52-96 from crossing the mitochondrial OM. Rather, Bcl-2 reduces the ANT–Vpr interaction, as determined by affinity purification and plasmon resonance studies. Concomitantly, Bcl-2 suppresses channel formation by the ANT–Vpr complex in synthetic membranes. In conclusion, both Vpr and Bcl-2 modulate MMP through a direct interaction with ANT

Genetic Structure, Nestmate Recognition and Behaviour of Two Cryptic Species of the Invasive Big-Headed Ant Pheidole megacephala

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

A History of Universalism: Conceptions of the Internationality of Science from the Enlightenment to the Cold War

That science is fundamentally universal has been proclaimed innumerable times. But the precise geographical meaning of this universality has changed historically. This article examines conceptions of scientific internationalism from the Enlightenment to the Cold War, and their varying relations to cosmopolitanism, nationalism, socialism, and 'the West'. These views are confronted with recent tendencies to cast science as a uniquely European product

Recherches sur la castramétation romaine. Établissement, traduction et commentaires du texte du pseudo-Hygin, De munitionibus castrorum

Lenoir Maurice. Recherches sur la castramétation romaine. Établissement, traduction et commentaires du texte du pseudo-Hygin, De munitionibus castrorum. In: École pratique des hautes études. 4e section, Sciences historiques et philologiques. Annuaire 1975-1976. 1976. pp. 1071-1080

De Kairouan à Volubilis

Le réexamen des événements militaires et diplomatiques dans le Maghreb pendant la seconde moitié du VIIe siècle de notre ère permet de mieux apprécier le rôle et l'importance de la tribu des Awraba et de son chef Kusayla. Cette tribu doit être assimilée aux Ouerbikai/Ouereis, connus par Ptolémée, qu'il faut localiser pour l'époque romaine sur les pentes du Rif dominant le fleuve Ouerrha. H est légitime de supposer que la tribu, qui contrôlait ainsi un des grands itinéraires entre la Tingitane et la Césarienne, ait ultérieurement connu une expansion qui l'amena à dominer aussi bien l'Ouest algérien que le Maroc central. L'ancienne ville romaine de Volubilis était certainement devenu le «centre de gravité» de cette tribu. La grande famille des Caecilii, qui domine la vie municipale de Volubilis depuis l'époque pré-romaine et a présidé au dernier aménagement du fo- rum de la ville, y a cependant maintenu sa suprématie : le nom du chef des Awraba, Kusayla, probable déformation de Caecilius comme l'a montré Ch.-E. Dufourcq, en est un indice assez clair.Lenoir Maurice. De Kairouan à Volubilis. In: «Alla Signorina». Mélanges offerts à Noëlle de La Blanchardière. Rome : École Française de Rome, 1995. pp. 207-224. (Publications de l'École française de Rome, 204

Bosra (Syrie) : le camp de la légion IIIe Cyrénaïque

Lenoir Maurice. Bosra (Syrie) : le camp de la légion IIIe Cyrénaïque. In: Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Antiquité, tome 113, n°1. 2001. Antiquité. pp. 547-551