Increasing returns to scale and international diffusion of technology: an empirical study for Brazil (1976-2000)

This article aims at exploring the empirical evidence regarding the effects of increasing returns to scale and international technological diffusion on the Brazilian manufacturing industry. Our departure point is a Kaldorian-type theoretical model that provides not only the positive effects of scale but also of diffusion on industrial performance. We use Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) for testing the model. VAR will estimate the coefficients related to industrial output, labor productivity, exports and the technological gap between the United States and Brazil. This technique also provides simulations for the short-term and long-term trajectories under exogenous shocks. The observations are on a three-month period basis and the sampling period runs from the second half of 1976 to the second half of 2000. The conclusion highlights both evidences of increasing returns on the Brazilian industry that faces, however, some structural constraints. Besides, the model also reveals Brazil's difficulties to catch uptechnological gap; increasing returns to scale; economic growth; Brazil

New Records Of Aparasphenodon Bokermanni (pombal, 1993) From Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, And Extension Of Genus Range (anura: Hylidae)

Aparasphenodon bokermanni is a poorly known casque-headed tree frog found in São Paulo and Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Here we provide two new records, one from Joinville, northeastern Santa Catarina, and the first record from Santa Catarina Island, Brazil, which extends to the south the range of the genus by approximately 150 km. © 2016 Check List and Authors.12

Representando a representatividade: identidade e gênero no teatro brasileiro contemporâneo

En la actualidad, la cantidad de personajes transgénero aumentó significativamente en películas, series y novelas. Sin embargo, esas representaciones casi siempre se entregan a los actores cisgénero. Renata Carvalho, actriz trans que estrella la pieza El Evangelio según Jesús, Reina del Cielo, inicia un manifiesto contra esta práctica. Para ella, la idea es promover una reflexión para que, actores cisgénero entiendan la causa y con eso no acepten los papeles que podrían ser representados por artistas transgénero. Palabras clave: Abyecto, Censura, Entrevista, Inclusión, Transgénero.Nota-se, atualmente, um aumento significativo na quantidade de personagens transgêneros em filmes, séries e novelas. No entanto, essas representações são, quase sempre, entregues a atores cisgêneros. Renata Carvalho, atriz trans que estrela a peça O Evangelho segundo Jesus, Rainha do Céu, enceta um manifesto contra essa prática. Para ela, a ideia é promover uma reflexão, fazer com que atores cisgêneros entendam a causa e não aceitem papéis que poderiam ser representados por artistas transgêneros. Palavras-chave: Abjeto, Censura, Entrevista, Inclusão, Transgênero.Currently, the number of transgender characters have significantly increased in movies, series and novels. However, these representations are almost always delivered to cisgender actors. Renata Carvalho, transgender actress starring The Gospel According to Jesus, Queen of Heaven, starts a manifest against this practice. For her, the idea is to promote a reflection, to make cisgender actors understand the cause and with that do not accept roles that could be represented by transgender artists. Keywords: Abject, Censorship, Interview, Inclusion, Transgender

As novas formas comunicativas na contemporaneidade: documentário transmídia e preservação de saberes

O artigo analisa a multiplicidade midiática e a participação dos usuários no processo de construção da informação na contemporaneidade. Neste cenário, o documentário encontra na narrativa transmídia uma possibilidade de adotar múltiplas linguagens por meio do cruzamento de conteúdos em diferentes mídias. Deste modo, a pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico, debate como o documentário trasmidiático pode contribuir para salvaguardar saberes de uma comunidade, considerados patrimônios culturais. Para tanto, o estudo recorre aos escritos de Jenkins, Gosciola e Renó para discorrer sobre documentário transmídia. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que nos dias de hoje, a multiplicidade de vozes encontra na multiplicidade de registros a perpetuação de saberes e fazeres por meio da constituição de comunidades virtuais

Reverberações do patrimônio cultural: o sino e o ofício de sineiro representados na literatura, no cinema e na música

In 2009, the Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage (Iphan) determined that the Ringing of the Bells and the Bells Office are considered Cultural Heritage in Brazil. The safeguard process was based on nine cities in Minas Gerais and shows the importance of practices and knowledge inherent to them. In this context, this article investigates how the bell and the bell ringer are portrayed in artistic productions. The study analyzes the performance manifestations from the three functions that the bells perform: percussion, religiosity and signaling (BARBOSA, 2016). Therefore, the object of study are ten artistic productions distributed among literature, cinema and music. The methodology comprises the analysis of productions based on the functions and representation of the cultural asset (CARSALADE, 2016). In this way, the objective of the research is to show the representations of the bell in different artistic productions. The study is also supported by Choay (2000) and Rajewsky (2012), in order to understand the reverberations between cultural heritage and media representations. In the end, we conclude that the language present in the ringing of the bells, as well as the bell ringer's performance, inspired many artistic productions and, in some, there are multiple relationships with the idea of cultural heritage, favoring media representations that are shown as a possible tool. effective for the reverberations of goods of an intangible nature.Em 2009, o Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan), determinou que o Toque dos Sinos e o Ofício de Sineiros são considerados Patrimônios Culturais do Brasil. O processo de salvaguarda teve como referência nove cidades de Minas Gerais e mostra a importância das práticas e dos saberes a eles inerentes. Nesse contexto, este artigo investiga sobre como o sino e o sineiro são retratados em produções artísticas. O estudo analisa as manifestações performáticas a partir das três funções que os sinos desempenham: percussão, religiosidade e sinalização (BARBOSA, 2016). Para tanto, o objeto do estudo são dez produções artísticas distribuídas entre literatura, cinema e música. A metodologia compreende a análise das produções a partir das funções e da representatividade do bem cultural (CARSALADE, 2016). Deste modo, o objetivo da pesquisa é mostrar as representações do sino em diferentes produções artísticas. O estudo ampara-se em Choay (2000) e Rajewsky (2012), a fim de entender as reverberações entre patrimônio cultural e as representações midiáticas. Ao final, concluímos que a linguagem presente no toque dos sinos, assim como a atuação de sineiro, inspirou muitas produções artísticas e, em algumas, há múltiplas relações com a ideia de patrimônio cultural, favorecendo as representações midiáticas que se mostram como uma possibilidade eficaz para as reverberações de bens de natureza imaterial

Individual calcium syntillas do not trigger spontaneous exocytosis from nerve terminals of the neurohypophysis

Recently, highly localized Ca(2+) release events, similar to Ca(2+) sparks in muscle, have been observed in neuronal preparations. Specifically, in murine neurohypophysial terminals (NHT), these events, termed Ca(2+) syntillas, emanate from a ryanodine-sensitive intracellular Ca(2+) pool and increase in frequency with depolarization in the absence of Ca(2+) influx. Despite such knowledge of the nature of these Ca(2+) release events, their physiological role in this system has yet to be defined. Such localized Ca(2+) release events, if they occur in the precise location of the final exocytotic event(s), may directly trigger exocytosis. However, directly addressing this hypothesis has not been possible, since no method capable of visualizing individual release events in these CNS terminals has been available. Here, we have adapted an amperometric method for studying vesicle fusion to this system which relies on loading the secretory granules with the false transmitter dopamine, thus allowing, for the first time, the recording of individual exocytotic events from peptidergic NHT. Simultaneous use of this technique along with high-speed Ca(2+) imaging has enabled us to establish that spontaneous neuropeptide release and Ca(2+) syntillas do not display any observable temporal or spatial correlation, confirming similar findings in chromaffin cells. Although these results indicate that syntillas do not play a direct role in eliciting spontaneous release, they do not rule out indirect modulatory effects of syntillas on secretion

Canine hair follicular tumours: a retrospective study

Hair follicular tumours in dog comprise a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms that display morphological features resembling one or several portions of the normal hair follicle which constitute a huge effort for its diagnosis. Histopathological evaluation is required to better characterize the different types of canine hair follicular tumours, in order to better understand its biological behaviour and to collaborate with the daily clinical practice. Thus, a retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with goal of analyse its frequency and characteristics, in order to contribute to a better understanding of this vast group of tumours. As main results the authors verified a higher incidence of follicular tumours in male dogs, being the most frequent types diagnosed trichoepithelioma, followed by, trichoblastoma, infundibular keratinizing acanthoma and pilomatricoma and the average age of dogs was 8.76 years. Also, malignant tumours represented 31.6% of all canine hair follicular tumours diagnosed (n= 114).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Coevolution creates complex mosaics across large landscapes

The spatial distribution of populations can influence the evolutionary outcome of species interactions. The variation in direction and strength of selection across local communities creates geographic selection mosaics that, when combined with gene flow and genomic processes such as genome duplication or hybridization, can fuel ongoing coevolution. A fundamental problem to solve is how coevolution proceeds when many populations that vary in their ecological outcomes are connected across large landscapes. Here we use a lattice model to explore this problem. Our results show that the complex interrelationships among the elements of the geographic mosaic of coevolution can lead to the formation of clusters of populations with similar phenotypes that are larger than expected by local selection. Our results indicate that neither the spatial distribution of phenotypes nor the spatial differences in magnitude and direction of selection alone dictate coevolutionary dynamics: the geographic mosaic of coevolution affects formation of phenotypic clusters, which in turn affect the spatial and temporal dynamics of coevolution. Because the formation of large phenotypic clusters depends on gene flow, we predict that current habitat fragmentation will change the outcomes of geographic mosaics, coupling spatial patterns in selection and phenotypes1942217229We acknowledge the funding provided by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013; grant agreement 289384 [L.D.F.]), the São Paulo Research Foundation (grants 2009/54422-8 [P.R.G.], 2016/06054-3 [M.A.M.A.], and 2015/26989-4 [L.D.F.]), the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (M.A.M.A. and P.L.-C.), and the National Science Foundation (DEB0839853 [J.N.T.]