Uklanjanje mikroembolijskih signala kombiniranom antikoagulantnom i bantitrombocitnom terapijom

The effect of antithrombotic treatment on cerebral microembolism detected by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) in a case of internal carotid artery siphon stenosis is reported. A 58-year-old man suffered acute visual impairment associated with acute transient right upper limb paresis and paresthesia. Ultrasound examination of the neck arteries, TCD and digital subtraction angiography showed stenosis of the siphon of the left internal carotid artery. The patient was administered aspirin as antiplatelet therapy for 40 days, followed by anticoagulant therapy. Subsequently, he experienced many recurrent cerebral ischemic events. TCD monitoring performed on 4 occasions revealed microembolic signals (MES) in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery. Aspirin was added to anticoagulant therapy. Once the combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy had been introduced, no recurrent events were recorded anymore and no MES were detected. In this case, the detected MES proved to be in close relationship with recurrent cerebral ischemia, and were eliminated by combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy.U radu se izvještava o zapaženom utjecaju antitrombotskog liječenja na cerebralnu mikroemboliju, koji je otkriven transkranijskim Dopplerovim ultrazvukom (TCD) u slučaju stenoze sliva unutarnje karotidne arterije. U 58-godišnjeg muškarca nastupio je akutni poremećaj vida te akutna prolazna pareza i parestezija gornjeg desnog ekstremiteta. Ultrazvučni pregled vratnih arterija, TCD i digitalna subtrakcijska angiografija pokazali su stenozu sliva lijeve unutarnje karotidne arterije. Bolesniku je uvedena antitrombocitna terapija aspirinom kroz 40 dana, nakon čega je nastavio s antikoagulantnom terapijom. Naknadno je imao brojne opetovane moždane ishemijske ispade. Praćenje pomoću TCD provedeno u 4 navrata otkrilo je mikroembolijske signale (MES) u istostranoj središnjoj moždanoj arteriji. Antikoagulantnoj terapiji dodan je aspirin. Nakon što je uvedena kombinirana antikoagulantna i antitrombocitna terapija nisu više zabilježeni nikakvi opetovani ispadi niti su više otkriveni MES. U ovom slučaju se pokazalo da su otkriveni MES bili usko povezani s opetovanom moždanom ishemijom, a uklonjeni su kombiniranom antikoagulantnom i antitrombocitnom terapijom

Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence in the monocyte-macrophage lineage

The introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly improved survival. However, these treatments fail to definitively cure the patients and unveil the presence of quiescent HIV-1 reservoirs like cells from monocyte-macrophage lineage. A purge, or at least a significant reduction of these long lived HIV-1 reservoirs will be needed to raise the hope of the viral eradication. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms responsible for viral persistence in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Controversy on latency and/or cryptic chronic replication will be specifically evoked. In addition, since HIV-1 infected monocyte-macrophage cells appear to be more resistant to apoptosis, this obstacle to the viral eradication will be discussed. Understanding the intimate mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence is a prerequisite to devise new and original therapies aiming to achieve viral eradication

Uklanjanje mikroembolijskih signala kombiniranom antikoagulantnom i bantitrombocitnom terapijom

The effect of antithrombotic treatment on cerebral microembolism detected by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) in a case of internal carotid artery siphon stenosis is reported. A 58-year-old man suffered acute visual impairment associated with acute transient right upper limb paresis and paresthesia. Ultrasound examination of the neck arteries, TCD and digital subtraction angiography showed stenosis of the siphon of the left internal carotid artery. The patient was administered aspirin as antiplatelet therapy for 40 days, followed by anticoagulant therapy. Subsequently, he experienced many recurrent cerebral ischemic events. TCD monitoring performed on 4 occasions revealed microembolic signals (MES) in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery. Aspirin was added to anticoagulant therapy. Once the combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy had been introduced, no recurrent events were recorded anymore and no MES were detected. In this case, the detected MES proved to be in close relationship with recurrent cerebral ischemia, and were eliminated by combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy.U radu se izvještava o zapaženom utjecaju antitrombotskog liječenja na cerebralnu mikroemboliju, koji je otkriven transkranijskim Dopplerovim ultrazvukom (TCD) u slučaju stenoze sliva unutarnje karotidne arterije. U 58-godišnjeg muškarca nastupio je akutni poremećaj vida te akutna prolazna pareza i parestezija gornjeg desnog ekstremiteta. Ultrazvučni pregled vratnih arterija, TCD i digitalna subtrakcijska angiografija pokazali su stenozu sliva lijeve unutarnje karotidne arterije. Bolesniku je uvedena antitrombocitna terapija aspirinom kroz 40 dana, nakon čega je nastavio s antikoagulantnom terapijom. Naknadno je imao brojne opetovane moždane ishemijske ispade. Praćenje pomoću TCD provedeno u 4 navrata otkrilo je mikroembolijske signale (MES) u istostranoj središnjoj moždanoj arteriji. Antikoagulantnoj terapiji dodan je aspirin. Nakon što je uvedena kombinirana antikoagulantna i antitrombocitna terapija nisu više zabilježeni nikakvi opetovani ispadi niti su više otkriveni MES. U ovom slučaju se pokazalo da su otkriveni MES bili usko povezani s opetovanom moždanom ishemijom, a uklonjeni su kombiniranom antikoagulantnom i antitrombocitnom terapijom

CTIP2, une protéine multifonctionnelle : Implication en physiopathologie cellulaire et en thérapeutique

The transcription factor CTIP2 (BCL11B) is a multifunctional protein involved in numerous cell physiological processes. To date, many molecular mechanisms underlying this process have been discovered, which highlighted the importance of the epigenetic regulation of genes and the regulation of the elongation factor P-TEFb. Furthermore studies of the deregulation of CTIP2 showed the association of CTIP2 to numerous pathologies including cancer and cardiac hypertrophy. A better comprehension of the physiopathology of these diseases might lead to the design of therapeutical strategies intending to prevent CTIP2 deregulation. Moreover, CTIP2 and its associated proteins constitute potential targets in strategies aiming to reduce and/or purge HIV-1 cell reservoirs. English title : CTIP2, a multifunctional protein: cellular physiopathology and therapeutic implication

Human-Phosphate-Binding-Protein inhibits HIV-1 gene transcription and replication

The Human Phosphate-Binding protein (HPBP) is a serendipitously discovered lipoprotein that binds phosphate with high affinity. HPBP belongs to the DING protein family, involved in various biological processes like cell cycle regulation. We report that HPBP inhibits HIV-1 gene transcription and replication in T cell line, primary peripherical blood lymphocytes and primary macrophages. We show that HPBP is efficient in naïve and HIV-1 AZT-resistant strains. Our results revealed HPBP as a new and potent anti HIV molecule that inhibits transcription of the virus, which has not yet been targeted by HAART and therefore opens new strategies in the treatment of HIV infection

LSD1 cooperates with CTIP2 to promote HIV-1 transcriptional silencing

Microglial cells are the main HIV-1 targets in the central nervous system (CNS) and constitute an important reservoir of latently infected cells. Establishment and persistence of these reservoirs rely on the chromatin structure of the integrated proviruses. We have previously demonstrated that the cellular cofactor CTIP2 forces heterochromatin formation and HIV-1 gene silencing by recruiting HDAC and HMT activities at the integrated viral promoter. In the present work, we report that the histone demethylase LSD1 represses HIV-1 transcription and viral expression in a synergistic manner with CTIP2. We show that recruitment of LSD1 at the HIV-1 proximal promoter is associated with both H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 epigenetic marks. Finally, our data suggest that LSD1-induced H3K4 trimethylation is linked to hSET1 recruitment at the integrated provirus

Explaining the variation in impacts of non-native plants on local-scale species richness: the role of phylogenetic relatedness

Aim To assess how the magnitude of impacts of non-native plants on species richness of resident plants and animals varies in relation to the traits and phylogenetic position of the non-native as well as characteristics of the invaded site. Location Global. Methods Meta-analysis and phylogenetic regressions based on 216 studies were used to examine the effects of 96 non-native plant species on species richness of resident plants and animals while considering differences in non-native species traits (life-form, clonality or vegetative reproduction, and nitrogen-fixing ability) and characteristics of the invaded site (ecosystem type, insularity and climatic region). Results Plots with non-native plants had lower resident plant (–20.5%) and animal species richness (–26.4%) than paired uninvaded control plots. Nitrogenfixing ability, followed by phylogeny and clonality were the best predictors of the magnitude of impacts of non-native plants on native plant species richness. Non-nitrogen-fixing and clonal non-native plants reduced species richness more than nitrogen-fixing and non-clonal invaders. However, life-form and characteristics of the invaded sites did not appear to be important. In the case of resident animal species richness, only the phylogenetic position of the non-native and whether invaded sites were islands or not influenced impacts, with a more pronounced decrease found on islands than mainlands. Main conclusions The presence of a phylogenetic signal on the magnitude of the impacts of non-native plants on resident plant and animal richness indicates that closely related non-native plants tend to have similar impacts. This suggests that the magnitude of the impact might depend on shared plant traits not explored in our study. Our results therefore support the need to include the phylogenetic similarity of non-native plants to known invaders in risk assessment analysis

Explaining the variation in impacts of non-native plants on local-scale species richness: the role of phylogenetic relatedness

ABSTRACT Aim To assess how the magnitude of impacts of non-native plants on species richness of resident plants and animals varies in relation to the traits and phylogenetic position of the non-native as well as characteristics of the invaded site. Location Global. Methods Meta-analysis and phylogenetic regressions based on 216 studies were used to examine the effects of 96 non-native plant species on species richness of resident plants and animals while considering differences in non-native species traits (life-form, clonality or vegetative reproduction, and nitrogen-fixing ability) and characteristics of the invaded site (ecosystem type, insularity and climatic region). Results Plots with non-native plants had lower resident plant (-20.5%) and animal species richness (-26.4%) than paired uninvaded control plots. Nitrogenfixing ability, followed by phylogeny and clonality were the best predictors of the magnitude of impacts of non-native plants on native plant species richness. Nonnitrogen-fixing and clonal non-native plants reduced species richness more than nitrogen-fixing and non-clonal invaders. However, life-form and characteristics of the invaded sites did not appear to be important. In the case of resident animal species richness, only the phylogenetic position of the non-native and whether invaded sites were islands or not influenced impacts, with a more pronounced decrease found on islands than mainlands. Main conclusions The presence of a phylogenetic signal on the magnitude of the impacts of non-native plants on resident plant and animal richness indicates that closely related non-native plants tend to have similar impacts. This suggests that the magnitude of the impact might depend on shared plant traits not explored in our study. Our results therefore support the need to include the phylogenetic similarity of non-native plants to known invaders in risk assessment analysis