The Material Traces of Journalism

This paper explores how the study of objects of journalism, retraced through the material traces left in metajournalistic discourses, might constitute a robust basis to investigate change and permanence in contemporary journalism. We delineate a research program focusing on materiality that requires foremost that objects should not be taken for granted and, therefore, that each object’s social history be minutely retraced. Stemming from two specific objects (the blog and the hyperlink), the paper argues that beyond their idiosyncrasies, both follow a similar rationale that could be extrapolated to other objects and lead to a materially focused social history of journalism in a digital age. The paper first clarifies how we approached the notion of “objects of journalism” and which objects we chose to study. Then, we show how different theoretical frameworks led us to adopt a similar research stance and a shared hypothetico-inductive path: determining how objects are parts of a series and analyzing metajournalistic discourses to retrace each object’s history on an empirically grounded basis. The resulting attention to filiations and context ultimately produces a contextualized socio-history of object

Journaliste, femme et senior : une double peine ?

Ce texte repose sur une question simple, presque dichotomique : l’âge est-il oui ou non un facteur aggravant d’inégalités pour les journalistes femmes ? En repartant sur une partie des résultats qui avaient montré le plus de différences entre hommes et femmes dans le rapport Être femme journaliste en Belgique francophone (Le Cam et al., 2018), le texte reprend l’analyse des données quantitatives de l’enquête Portrait des journalistes belges en 2018 (Van Leuven et al., 2019) pour creuser la situation d’emploi et la sécurité économique des journalistes seniors (hommes et femmes), en tentant de mettre au jour les spécificités des situations des femmes journalistes seniors. Le constat est clair : l’âge renforce la permanence de la logique de genre en accentuant même certaines discriminations

L'entretien de recherche avec des journalistes Editorial

International audienceThis is true of our first issue on interviews, a methodology which cuts across the fields of human and social sciences. We invite you to read it and consider what this particular research approach yields from real people in different disciplinary—and cultural—contexts

L'entretien de recherche avec des journalistes Propos introductifs

International audienceL a mobilisation des entretiens dans les recherches sur le journalisme est une pratique courante, rapidement évoquée dans les écrits des chercheurs, comme si l'entre-tien était un outil transparent, sur lequel il ne semble pas, ou plus, nécessaire de s'arrêter. L'essentiel semble de produire puis de restituer un matériau, des données qui doivent faire levier dans des processus de dé-monstration et de dévoilement de réels médiatiques contrastés. L'analyse des spécificités des entretiens avec des professionnels des médias nous a semblé manquer aux recherches menées dans différentes disciplines ayant pour objet commun le journalisme. C'est ce manque et ce « creux épistémologique et méthodologique » que nous avons voulu interroger et chercher à combler. Le dossier est né d'une journée d'étude sur la méthodologie de recherche en journalisme, tenue à l'Université de Brasilia le 28 avril 2011. Intitulée L'entretien de recherche avec des journalistes : miroir, fiction et transferts ? cette rencontre clôturait un colloque international portant sur les mutations structurelles du journalisme (Actes du colloque, 2011). Elle entendait confronter des chercheurs de plusieurs disciplines issus de trois territoires (France, Canada, Brésil), spécialistes de la méthodologie de l'entretien, aux publics du colloque, experts pour leur part des études sur le journalisme. Ces travaux ont ensuite été complétés par un appel à proposition auprès de chercheurs de diverses disciplines

Waiting for Data Journalism

Data journalism has emerged as a trend worthy of attention in newsrooms the world over. Previous research has highlighted how elite media, journalism education institutions, and other interest groups take part in the emergence and evolution of data journalism. But has it equally gained momentum in smaller, less-scrutinized media markets? This paper looks at the ascent of data journalism in the French-speaking part of Belgium. It argues that journalism, and hence data journalism, can be understood as a socio-discursive practice: it is not only the production of (data-driven) journalistic artefacts that shapes the notion of (data) journalism, but also the discursive efforts of all the actors involved, in and out of the newsrooms. A set of qualitative inquiries allowed us to examine the phenomenon by first establishing a cartography of who and what counts as data journalism. It uncovers an overall reliance on a handful of passionate individuals, only partly backed up institutionally, and a limited amount of consensual references that could foster a shared interpretive community. A closer examination of the definitions reveal a sharp polyphony that is particularly polarized around the duality of the term itself, divided between a focus on data and a focus on journalism, and torn between the co-existing notions of “ordinary” and “thorough” data journalism. We also describe what is perceived as obstacles, which mostly pertain to broader traits that shape contemporary newsmaking; and explain why, if data journalism clearly exists as a matter of concern, it has not transformed in concrete undertakings

Mechanical characterization and comparison of different NiTi/silicone rubber interfaces

International audienceThis paper investigates the effects of different surface treatments on the mechanical resistance of interface between wires of NiTi shape memory alloy and silicone rubber. Three different treatments were used; primer, plasma and combination of both. The wires deoxidation effects have also been studied. In order to characterize the interface properties in such composite material, pull-out tests were carried out by means of a home-made device. This test allows us to evaluate the mechanical resistance of the interface in terms of the maximum force reached during the test. First, results show that the debonding force is not higher after the wires deoxidation. This preparation is therefore not necessary. Second, using a primer PM820 and plasma separately leads to a significant improvment of the mechanical resistance. Third, the combination of these treatments (primer followed by plasma) and a longer time of exposure to the plasma alone get the debonding force higher. Consequently, NiTi/silicone rubber interface improved only by means of plasma offers a new way to obtain biocompatible interfaces in such composite material

E4F1-mediated control of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is essential for skin homeostasis.

The multifunctional protein E4 transcription factor 1 (E4F1) is an essential regulator of epidermal stem cell (ESC) maintenance. Here, we found that E4F1 transcriptionally regulates a metabolic program involved in pyruvate metabolism that is required to maintain skin homeostasis. E4F1 deficiency in basal keratinocytes resulted in deregulated expression of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (Dlat), a gene encoding the E2 subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Accordingly, E4f1 knock-out (KO) keratinocytes exhibited impaired PDH activity and a redirection of the glycolytic flux toward lactate production. The metabolic reprogramming of E4f1 KO keratinocytes associated with remodeling of their microenvironment and alterations of the basement membrane, led to ESC mislocalization and exhaustion of the ESC pool. ShRNA-mediated depletion of Dlat in primary keratinocytes recapitulated defects observed upon E4f1 inactivation, including increased lactate secretion, enhanced activity of extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes, and impaired clonogenic potential. Altogether, our data reveal a central role for Dlat in the metabolic program regulated by E4F1 in basal keratinocytes and illustrate the importance of PDH activity in skin homeostasis

Esquisse d’une généalogie du terme ‘weblog’. Histoires et filiations avant 2003, en Amérique du Nord

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe