Freedom of Religion in the Perspective of Islam, the Universal Declaration of Human Right and Indonesian Legal System

This paper aims at examining the meaning of freedom of religion in the perspective of Islam, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and Indonesian legal system. The meaning of freedom of religion is examined and compared in these perspectives because there is a recurrent problem regarding this human right in Indonesia which is mostly populated by Muslims. A phenomenon of aliran sesat (diverted religious organizations) emerge nowadays ripping religious harmony among people. These diverted religious organizations and their supporters claim that it is their right to do what they believe because it is protected by the Universal Declaration of Human Right and Indonesian law. However, the majority of Muslims consider them as humiliators of the religion itself, so they urge the government to stop and punish them. The government seem to be hasitated to enforce the law, thus, from one side the government is accused of not protecting and ensuring these diverted religious organizations in using their right and freedom, while from the other side it is accused of neglecting those who humiliate religion and break the others human rights without any punishment. This study finds out that the law regarding freedom of religion in Indonesia is sufficient and what is needed is just the enforcement of this law to ensure the rights of all people. To reach the goals of this study, a descriptive-analytical approach is employed.Keywords: Freedom of religion, Islam, Human Right, Indonesian Law and Aliran Sesat (Diverted Religious Organization)

Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Praktik Jual Beli Ikan didalam Lebung dengan Sistem Lelang (Studi Kasus di Desa Seri Kembang I, Kecamatan Payaraman, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir)

Buying and selling into the commonplace in the life of society to meet each other's needs or needs among fellow human beings. However, there are still some buying and selling practices that occur in society is not in accordance with Islamic Shari'a. As the researchers did in the village of Kembang I sub-district Payaraman Ogan Ilir district. This study aims to describe the practice of buying and selling fish in lebung in the village of Kembang I sub-district Payaraman Ogan Ilir district. Lebung is a well basin of ditch, canal, hole, excavation contained in river or in swamp either natural or artificial which in dry season never dry. This type of research includes field research using a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, the steps used in the collection or data collection that is the method of observation, interview, and documentation. Then, after the data are collected will be analyzed using evaluative analysis that describes the practice of buying and selling fish in the lebung which further provides an assessment from the standpoint of Islamic law. Based on the method used in this research. So, if in view of the perspective of Islamic law, buying and selling fish in lebung should not be done, because the object of buying and selling can not be handed over and including the sale of prohibited, in the form of gharar elements (unclearness) which resulted in this transaction becomes invalid. The lack of clarity in question is in terms of quality (types of fish) and quantity (how much, weight, and size of fish) because it is in fact when the procession occurs in the object of buying and selling (fish) is still in the lebung (water). Thus, it would be nice buy and sell this kind of avoid, there is still a more proper and feasible way so that really legally valid Islamic

Investigating reverse osmosis membrane fouling and scaling by membrane autopsy of a bench scale device

In response to the escalating world water demand and aiming to promote equal opportunities, reverse osmosis desalination has been widely implemented. Desalination is however constantly subjected to fouling and scaling which increase the cost of desalination by increasing the differential pressure of the membrane and through decline in permeate flux. A bench-scale desalination equipment has been used in this research to investigate the mitigation of fouling and scaling. This study also involved the performance of membrane autopsy for fouling characterisation with special attention to flux decline due to sulphate precipitation and biofouling. Visual inspection, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microbiology tests (API) were performed. Results obtained showed the presence of diatoms, pseudomonas and polysaccharides as the main foulants causing biofouling. Analysis revealed sulphate deposits as well as aluminium, calcium and silica as the main elements contributing to inorganic scaling. Findings pointed out that the pretreatment system of the small-scale reverse osmosis water treatment was inefficient and that selection of pretreatment chemicals should be based on its compatibility with the membrane structure. The importance of characterization for the verification of fouling mechanisms is emphasized

Derivative chromosome 9 deletions in chronic myeloid leukaemia: Interpretation of atypical D-FISH pattern

Background/Aims: New molecular cytogenetic techniques are increasingly applied as a routine investigative tool in haematological malignancies, both at diagnosis and subsequent monitoring. This report describes the interpretation of atypical signal patterns encountered using BCR-ABL dual colour dual fusion fluorescence in situ hybridisation (D-FISH) translocation probes in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Methods: Interphase FISH experiments were carried out using BCR-ABL D-FISH probes in 46 patients with CML at diagnosis and during subsequent disease monitoring. Atypical hybridisation signal patterns were characterised by molecular cytogenetic techniques and correlated with conventional karyotyping. Results: Two patients showed atypical interphase D-FISH patterns with one orange, one green, and one fusion (1O1G1F) signal. The presence of BCR-ABL gene fusion was documented by a dual colour single fusion (S-FISH) probe. The submicroscopic deletion of the ABL-BCR fusion gene on the derivative chromosome 9 in these cases was subsequently characterised by metaphase FISH on relocated G banded metaphases. Conclusions: Atypical interphase D-FISH patterns should not be interpreted in isolation and should be considered in conjunction with other cytogenetic or molecular genetic investigations.published_or_final_versio

Housing works : assessing the impact of housing association employment support

Social housing providers in the UK have a long history of delivering support to their residents beyond housing, including providing employment related assistance. A small but growing area of research investigates the role of employment support outside the mainstream welfare system. However, little is known about the support provided, the impact it has on individuals’ prospects in the labour market, and related outcomes for housing providers, the taxpayer and wider society. As increasing numbers of people are expected to engage in work search and other work preparation activities in exchange for continued receipt of welfare benefits, the impact of housing provider employment support needs to be better understood. The membership of Give us a Chance (GUAC) have, as housing associations, been involved in a range of initiatives to improve the employment and life chance outcomes of their residents, including working with employment support organisations and the voluntary and community sector. However, there is considerable variation in the way that housing association employment support is currently provided, and a wide range of tools and measures are used to show the value of these initiatives, from specific organisational measures through to more generic approaches, such as the Housing Associations’ Charitable Trust (HACT) measures and the New Economy Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) model. Hence, it is often difficult to compare the value of projects based on different approaches and measured using different tools. This research had two key aims: to contribute to an understanding of what helps people to move closer to, enter or sustain employment and to demonstrate the value of housing association investment in employment related support for residents. The project had the following linked objectives: 1. Provide a review of housing association employment related support activity; 2. Undertake a review of the impact measures currently used for employment related support across the social housing sector; and 3. Provide an understanding of ‘what works’ in terms of employment related support and the measures used among GUAC members

Localisation and disorder in the design of 2D photonic crystal devices

Photonic crystals are meta-materials that can inhibit the propagation of light in all directions for specific wavelength ranges. Material or structural defects can be introduced into the crystal to cause localised modes, providing the ability to mould the flow of light on the wavelength scale and allowing the development of miniaturised, integrated photonic devices. For this reason, photonic crystals will likely be key building blocks for future micro-optical and communication technology. In this paper, we examine the Bloch mode modelling of 2D photonic crystal structures with application to the analysis of photonic crystal waveguides and their susceptibility to disorder, which provides a framework for studying fabrication tolerances in realistic devices

PEMBAHARUAN SISTEM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Pendidikan Islam adalah pendidikan yang berdasarkan pada etika Islam, pembentukan moral, dan latihan jiwa.2 Sehingga, tujuan akhir pendidikan Islam tersebut adalah membentuk manusia yang bertakwa supaya selamat dalam kehidupannya. Pembaharuan sistem pendidikan Islam adalah sesuatu yang dilakukan secara efektif, efisien, dan produktif menuju kepada kemajuan. Pembaharuan yang dimaksud adalah pembaharuan di dalam pendidikan, yaitu suatu perubahan yang baru dan sengaja diusahakan untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu dalam pendidikan. Pembaharuan pendidikan mencakup 4 aspek yaitu;pembaharuan dalam aspek tujuan pendidikan, pembaharuan dalam aspek kurikulum, pembaharuan dalam aspek pendidik, dan pembaharuan dalam aspek peserta didik

Assessing Consumer Preference using Community Pharmacy Preference Evaluation Questionnaire (ComPETe): A Pilot Survey in a Malaysia City

Purpose: To assess the consumer preference for community pharmacy (CP) for filling prescription, and purchasing over-the-counter (OTC) and health products among customers frequenting eight departmental stores located in a Malaysian city.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Wakaf Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 400 respondents in the area were randomly selected to participate in the 14-item Community Pharmacy Preference Evaluation Questionnaire (ComPETe). The results were then subjected to data analysis.Results: A total of 198 respondents returned the questionnaire but only 120 respondents completely filled in them. Majority of the respondents was between the age of 18 and 30 years (42.4 %), female (55.0 %) and married (66.7 %). Most of them (90.8 %) agreed that location is an important criterion for choosing a CP. About 62 and 56 % of the respondents went to the same preferred CP and at least once a month, respectively. Interestingly, customers with a monthly income of <RM 1000 (equivalent to USD 280) and married were more likely to visit the same preferred CP (p < 0.05). More than half of the respondents preferred heavily subsidized medical treatment for minor ailments from government healthcare institutions. For OTC products, preference among consumers was almost the same among CPs and local stores. With regard to health supplements and screening test kits, most respondents preferred to go to CPs.Conclusion: The respondents showed variability in their preference for CPs. The findings about consumer preference for CPs and health products should facilitate the process of launching a successful CP establishment.Keywords: Consumer Satisfaction, Community Pharmacy Preference, Prescription Filling, Over-the-counter Products, Financial Managemen

Larangan Wanita Haidh

Selama masa haidh berlangsung, ada beberapa hal yang wajib dihidari oleh seorang wanita, dan statusnya menjadi haram untuk dilakukan

Istri Bekerja Mencari Nafkah?

Motivasinya jelas untuk membantu nafkah suami atau keluarga. Malah tidak sedikitpekerja wanita yang justrumenjadi tulang punggung nafkah keluarga. Entah karena suaminya tidak ada, wafat, dicerai, atau jadi pengangguran