La importancia del sistema de gestión del riesgo aduanero

El Estado colombiano consecuente del auge de las organizaciones criminales y del uso que hacen de las opciones del comercio exterior, introdujo el concepto de la gestión del riesgo en la regulación aduanera para   conseguir   la neutralización de esas acciones. Este artículo de investigacion permitirá entonces conocer los alcances y la importancia del sistema de la gestión del riesgo aduanero y lo que gira a su alrededor en ese escenario y para ello esbozaré a continuación sus rasgos principales

Some Shoot and Cone Characteristics of Taiwan Red Pine

Taiwan red pine (Pinus taiwanensis Hayata) is endemic to the island of Taiwan, or Formosa (Li, 1963). It is one of the so-called uninodal pines - that is, its winter bud elongates to form an unbranched axis bearing lateral long shoot buds only near the distal end. However, it is remarkably prone to lammas growth or summer shoots (premature elongation of a newly formed dormant bud) and to several other anomalous forms of behavior. Some of these strongly affect tree form; others are economically unimportant but serve to illustrate further the morphological plasticity within the genus Pinus. The observations reported here were made in early March 1969, in natural stands, plantations, nurseries, and a seed orchard

Evening Star Waltz

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/2071/thumbnail.jp

Centennial Declaration of the International Labor Organization and the protection of the digital worker in the fraternity paradigm

As inovações tecnológicas permitiram alterar formas de comunicação, modos de criação e formas de trabalho. Conceitos como indústria 4.0, economia do compartilhamento, gig economy e plataformização do trabalho trazem um novo paradigma produtivo que se expressa por meio da digitalização. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar em que medida a Constituição da OIT é atual, no presente cenário, e se ela é um vetor de proteção ao trabalhador, no paradigma da fraternidade no mundo do trabalho. Conclui-se que o Direito Internacional, na figura da Constituição da OIT, emendada em 2019 pela Declaração do Centenário, é uma diretriz de proteção normativa do trabalhador digital. Desnecessária uma nova estrutura para o Direito do Trabalho, mas sim uma adaptação no seu funcionamento para que comporte o trabalhador digital, mantendo a essência protetiva da disciplina.Technological innovations allowed us to change forms of communication, ways of creation and ways of working. Concepts such as industry 4.0, sharing economics, gig economy and work platform bring a new productive paradigm that is expressed through digitization. The aim of this study is to identify to what extent the ILO Constitution is current in the present scenario and if it is a vector of worker protection in the fraternity paradigm in the world of work. It is concluded that International Law, in the figure of the ILO Constitution, amended in 2019 by the Centennial Declaration, is a guideline for the normative protection of the digital worker, and it is not necessary a paradigm change or a new structure for Labor Law, but rather an adaptation in its operation to cover the digital worker, maintaining the protective essence of the discipline

Modeling the mobility of living organisms in heterogeneous landscapes: Does memory improve foraging success?

Thanks to recent technological advances, it is now possible to track with an unprecedented precision and for long periods of time the movement patterns of many living organisms in their habitat. The increasing amount of data available on single trajectories offers the possibility of understanding how animals move and of testing basic movement models. Random walks have long represented the main description for micro-organisms and have also been useful to understand the foraging behaviour of large animals. Nevertheless, most vertebrates, in particular humans and other primates, rely on sophisticated cognitive tools such as spatial maps, episodic memory and travel cost discounting. These properties call for other modeling approaches of mobility patterns. We propose a foraging framework where a learning mobile agent uses a combination of memory-based and random steps. We investigate how advantageous it is to use memory for exploiting resources in heterogeneous and changing environments. An adequate balance of determinism and random exploration is found to maximize the foraging efficiency and to generate trajectories with an intricate spatio-temporal order. Based on this approach, we propose some tools for analysing the non-random nature of mobility patterns in general.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, improved discussio

L\'evy-like behavior in deterministic models of intelligent agents exploring heterogeneous environments

Many studies on animal and human movement patterns report the existence of scaling laws and power-law distributions. Whereas a number of random walk models have been proposed to explain observations, in many situations individuals actually rely on mental maps to explore strongly heterogeneous environments. In this work we study a model of a deterministic walker, visiting sites randomly distributed on the plane and with varying weight or attractiveness. At each step, the walker minimizes a function that depends on the distance to the next unvisited target (cost) and on the weight of that target (gain). If the target weight distribution is a power-law, $p(k)\sim k^{-\beta}$, in some range of the exponent $\beta$, the foraging medium induces movements that are similar to L\'evy flights and are characterized by non-trivial exponents. We explore variations of the choice rule in order to test the robustness of the model and argue that the addition of noise has a limited impact on the dynamics in strongly disordered media.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. One section adde