Morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of <em>Terapon jarbua</em> (Forrskäl, 1775) in Central, Vietnam

Many environmental factors affect the morphology of migratory fish species, such as salinity, water flow rate, and temperature. However, studies on changes in fish morphology under environmental variations from salt water to brackish water are still limited in many fish species, especially in *Terapon jarbua*. This study aims to investigate the differences in the morphological parameters of *T. jarbua* between the coastal sea (seawater) and lagoon (brackish water); and between male and female fish based on a landmark morphological approach. Additionally, the genetic diversity of *T. jarbua* populations in Central Vietnam was elucidated using the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtDNA COI) sequence as a molecular marker. The analytical results indicated no sexual dimorphism in the *T. jarbua* population, yet conformational differences exist between the two studied aquatic species. The analysis of 42 mtDNA COI sequences collected from Central Vietnam identified 13 haplotypes with medium genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation between the Tam Giang lagoon and Thua Thien Hue coastal (Fst = 0.028) and not significant (p = 0.126). Most haplotypes obtained are present in reference populations, indicating a high genetic exchange between populations. We proposed that the *T. jarbua* population in Central Vietnam has a stable connection with neighboring populations (China, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan)

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Impacts of Payment for Forest Environmental Services in Cat Tien National Park

This paper assesses the impacts of Payment for Forest Environmental Services (PFES) in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam. We analyze the impacts and additionality of PFES on local livelihoods by comparing the socio-economic situations in four pairs of villages before and after its implementation, and between places where PFES is and is not applied. In total, 149 people participated in focus group discussions, while 244 households (123 in areas with PFES and 121 in areas without) took part in household surveys. Our research shows that 92% of the people interviewed are from ethnic minorities participating and benefiting directly from PFES. In villages with PFES, the numbers of participating households ranged from 45% to 88% of all poor households in those villages. Of the poor households participating in PFES in the studied villages, 22% have no source of cash income other than their forest protection contracts, while 81.4% have escaped poverty, based on self-defined poverty criteria, through additional income from forest protection. Since the implementation of PFES, the area of forests allocated for community and household management is estimated to be three to 3.64 times higher than it had been previously. Although the number of communities under PFES contracts has not changed, the number of households participating in forest protection contracts is now much lower than before PFES started. On average, PFES contributes 16% to 74% of total household income in villages with PFES. Incomes in places with PFES are significantly higher than in places without. Although our research demonstrates immediate positive socio-economic impacts on livelihoods, it also highlights weaknesses in the current monitoring and evaluation system and a lack of reliable data for measuring PFES impacts in Cat Tien National Park

Incidence of Infection of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackieviruses A6 and A16 among Household Contacts of Index Cases in Dong Thap Province, Southern Vietnam

10.1155/2020/9850351BioMed Research International2020985035

Prevalence and characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease in pregnant women

Introduction and aims: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been reported to be increasing in recent years. However, there have been few reports on the prevalence of GERD during pregnancy in the Asian population. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of GERD in Vietnamese pregnant women. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of the Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. Four hundred females, at various stages of pregnancy, were enrolled. GERD was diagnosed if there was troublesome heartburn and/or acid regurgitation, at least once a week, during the current pregnancy. Results: The overall prevalence of GERD in pregnancy was 38.5% (154/400). The prevalence of GERD in the third trimester was significantly higher than that in the second trimester (46.8% vs. 30.7%, P = 0.008) and tended to be higher than its prevalence in the first trimester (46.8% vs. 35.4%, P = 0.051). In the pregnant women with GERD, the frequency of regurgitation was significantly higher than that of heartburn (92.9% vs. 30.5%, P < 0.001). Those typical symptoms were more prevalent in the daytime, compared with nighttime. Conclusion: Our study showed that GERD was prevalent during pregnancy in Vietnam. In the pregnant women with GERD, regurgitation was much more common than heartburn, and those typical reflux symptoms occurred more frequently in the daytime, compared with nighttime. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La prevalencia de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) ha aumentado en los últimos años. Sin embargo, hay pocos informes sobre el predominio de esta afección durante el embarazo en la población asiática. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la prevalencia y las características de la ERGE entre las mujeres embarazadas vietnamitas. Material y métodos: Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo en el Hospital Nhan Dan Gia Din, en Vietnam. Se incluyó a 400 mujeres embarazadas en distintas fases del embarazo. La manera de diagnosticar la ERGE fue la observación de presencia de pirosis molesta o regurgitación ácida al menos una vez a la semana durante el embarazo. Resultados: La prevalencia de ERGE en el embarazo fue del 38,5% (154/400). Esa prevalencia en el tercer trimestre fue mayor que en el segundo trimestre (46,8 frente a 30,7%; p = 0,008) y tendió a ser mayor que en el primer trimestre (46,8 frente a 35,4%; p = 0,051). La frecuencia de regurgitación fue mayor que la de pirosis (92,9 vs. 30,5%; p < 0,001). Estos síntomas típicos se manifestaron con mayor frecuencia durante el día que durante la noche. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio demostró que la ERGE era prevalente en el embarazo en Vietnam. Entre las mujeres embarazadas con ERGE, la regurgitación era mucho más común que la pirosis y estos síntomas típicos de reflujo ocurrían con más frecuencia durante el día que durante la noche

Factors associated with cigarette smoking and motivation to quit among street food sellers in Vietnam

10.3390/ijerph15020223International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health15222

Global gene expression profiling identifies new therapeutic targets in acute Kawasaki disease

10.1186/s13073-014-0102-6Genome Medicine61-1