Influence Of Maturity Stage On Fruit Longevity Of Cherry Tomatoes Stored At Ambient And Controlled Temperature

Fruit maturity stage has direct influence on the post-harvest life and consumer quality. Therefore, the understanding of the maturation process and its quality characteristics for storage are key factors for commercialization. In face of the foregoing, this study aimed to determine shelf life and changes in physical and chemical indexes of cherry tomatoes (Perinha Água Branca (PAB) and Mascot), assessing fruit harvested at four maturity stages and stored at ambient and controlled temperatures. For this, it was used fruit at turning, pink, red and ripe maturity stages, submitted to ambient (25 ± 2 °C) and controlled (12 °C and 90% RH) temperature, and assessed over time the indexes of fresh mass loss, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids and ascorbic acid. The experimental design was completely randomized design in a factorial scheme of 2×4×7 for ambient temperature and 2×4×8 for controlled temperature. At ambient temperature, a longevity of up to 20 days was observed for PAB and Mascot fruit harvested at turning and pink maturity stages. When harvested at red and ripe stages, the longevity was of 15 days for PAB fruit and of 15 and 11 days, respectively, for Mascot fruit. At controlled temperature, PAB fruit showed longevity of 24 days when harvested at turning and pink stages and of 20 and 7 days, respectively, when harvested at red and ripe stages. A longevity of up to 27 days was observed for Mascot fruit harvested at turning stage and of 24 days for the other stages. The fruit harvested at turning and pink maturity stages, associated with storage under controlled conditions, presented higher longevity and maintenance of physical and chemical indexes of quality.3764027403

The Atp-dependent Rna Helicase Hrpb Plays An Important Role In Motility And Biofilm Formation In Xanthomonas Citri Subsp. Citri

Background: RNA helicases are enzymes that catalyze the separation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) using the free energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis. DEAD/DEAH families participate in many different aspects of RNA metabolism, including RNA synthesis, RNA folding, RNA-RNA interactions, RNA localization and RNA degradation. Several important bacterial DEAD/DEAH-box RNA helicases have been extensively studied. In this study, we characterize the ATP-dependent RNA helicase encoded by the hrpB (XAC0293) gene using deletion and genetic complementation assays. We provide insights into the function of the hrpB gene in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri by investigating the roles of hrpB in biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces and host leaves, cell motility, host virulence of the citrus canker bacterium and growth in planta. Results: The hrpB gene is highly conserved in the sequenced strains of Xanthomonas. Mutation of the hrpB gene (Δ;hrpB) resulted in a significant reduction in biofilms on abiotic surfaces and host leaves. Δ;hrpB also exhibited increased cell dispersion on solid medium plates. Δ;hrpB showed reduced adhesion on biotic and abiotic surfaces and delayed development in disease symptoms when sprayed on susceptible citrus leaves. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays indicated that deletion of hrpB reduced the expression of four type IV pili genes. The transcriptional start site of fimA (XAC3241) was determined using rapid amplification of 5′-cDNA Ends (5′RACE). Based on the results of fimA mRNA structure predictions, the fimA 5′ UTR may contain three different loops. HrpB may be involved in alterations to the structure of fimA mRNA that promote the stability of fimA RNA. Conclusions: Our data show that hrpB is involved in adherence of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri to different surfaces. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a DEAH RNA helicase has been implicated in the regulation of type IV pili in Xanthomonas. © 2016 Granato et al.16

Lesão expansiva cerebral devida a citomegalovírus: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients most commonly presents as chorioretinitis and gastro-intestinal infection. Neurological involvement due to CMV may cause several clinical presentations: polyradiculitis, myelitis, encephalitis, ventriculo-encephalitis, and mononeuritis multiplex. Rarely, cerebral mass lesion is described. We report a 39 year-old woman with AIDS and previous cerebral toxoplasmosis. She presented with fever, seizures, and vulval ulcers. Her chest X-ray showed multiple lung nodules, and a large frontal lobe lesion was seen in a brain computed tomography scan. She underwent a brain biopsy through a frontal craniotomy, but her condition deteriorated and she died in the first postoperative day. Histopathological studies and immunohistochemistry disclosed CMV disease, and there was no evidence of cerebral toxoplasmosis, bacterial, mycobacterial or fungal infection. CMV disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cerebral mass lesion in AIDS patients. High suspicion index, timely diagnostic procedures (surgical or minimally invasive), and proper utilization of prophylactic and therapeutic medication could improve outcome of these patients.As doenças causadas pelo citomegalovírus (CMV) em pacientes com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida apresentam-se principalmente como corioretinite ou comprometimento gastrointestinal. No sistema nervoso central, o CMV pode causar diversas síndromes clínicas: poliradiculite, mielite, encefalite, ventrículo-encefalite e mononeurite múltipla. Raramente, lesões expansivas cerebrais são descritas. Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente de 39 anos com antecedentes de infecção pelo HIV e toxoplasmose cerebral, que apresentou-se com febre, convulsões e úlceras vulvares. O raios-X de tórax demonstrou múltiplos nódulos pulmonares e a tomografia computadorizada de crânio evidenciou extensa lesão no lobo frontal esquerdo. Após ser submetida à craniotomia, evoluiu com piora clínica, falecendo no primeiro dia de pós-operatório. Os estudos histopatológicos e imunohistoquímicos demonstraram doença citomegálica. Foram excluídas toxoplasmose cerebral e infecção bacteriana, micobacteriana ou fúngica. Concluímos que, embora seja extremamente raro, o CMV deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões expansivas cerebrais em pacientes com infecção pelo HIV. Um elevado índice de suspeita, procedimentos diagnósticos oportunos (cirúrgicos ou minimamente invasivos), e o adequado uso de antivirais (terapêuticos e profiláticos) podem melhorar o prognóstico desta letal manifestação

Adapting Real Quantifier Elimination Methods for Conflict Set Computation

The satisfiability problem in real closed fields is decidable. In the context of satisfiability modulo theories, the problem restricted to conjunctive sets of literals, that is, sets of polynomial constraints, is of particular importance. One of the central problems is the computation of good explanations of the unsatisfiability of such sets, i.e.\ obtaining a small subset of the input constraints whose conjunction is already unsatisfiable. We adapt two commonly used real quantifier elimination methods, cylindrical algebraic decomposition and virtual substitution, to provide such conflict sets and demonstrate the performance of our method in practice

A Bovine Pericardium Rigid Prosthesis For Left Ventricle Restoration: 12 Years Of Follow-up [prótese Rígida De Pericárdio Bovino Para Remodelamento Ventricular Esquerdo: 12 Anos De Seguimento]

Background: Myocardial infarction might result in dilated left ventricle and numerous techniques have been described to restore the original left ventricle shape and identify tools for late survival assessment. The aim of this study is to compare our experience with a modified Dor procedure using a rigid prosthesis to the septal anterior ventricular exclusion procedure (SAVE) for left ventricle restoration. The EuroScore index for prediction of late follow up survival was evaluated. Methods: We evaluated 80 patients who underwent left ventricle restoration between 1999 to 2007 and eight patients were excluded with incomplete data. A modified Dor procedure with rigid prosthesis (MD group) was performed on 53 patients and 19 underwent the septal anterior ventricular exclusion procedure (SAVE group). The patients were classified according their left ventricle shape as type I, II or III. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard ratio regressions analysis were performed to assess survival after both techniques and expected surgical mortality using EuroScore index ranking after 12 years of follow up. Results: The operative mortality was comparable in both groups ranked by EuroScore index. The groups were comparable for all clinical data, except the MD group had more patients using intra-aortic balloon pumps before surgery, (5.7% vs. 0; P<0.01). Kaplan Meier analysis by left ventricle shape showed comparable survival for all patients, with slightly higher survival for type I. Kaplan Meier analysis of all death showed equivalent survival curves for both techniques after 12 years of follow up (71.5 ± 12.3 vs. 46.6 ±20.5 years; P=0.08). Kaplan Meier analysis of EuroScore index for all patients showed a difference between the three ranked categories, i.e., 0 to 10%, 11 to 49% and higher than 50% expected surgical mortality after 12 years of follow up (70.9 ± 16.2 vs. 67.5 ± 12.7 vs. 53.0 ± 15.5; P=0.003). Conclusion: The MD procedure showed consistent ejection fraction improvements after long term follow up. Survival was comparable for all ventricular types and for the MD and SAVE procedures. The EuroScore index is a useful index for late survival assessment of ventricular restoration techniques.262164172Cooley, D.A., Hallman, G.L., Henly, W.S., Left ventricular aneurysm due to myocardial infarctionexperience with 37 patients undergoing aneurysmectomy (1964) Arch Surg, 88, pp. 114-121Jatene, A.D., Left ventricular aneurysmectomy. Resection or reconstruction (1985) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 89 (3), pp. 321-331Dor, V., Saab, M., Coste, P., Kornaszewska, M., Montiglio, F., Left ventricular aneurysm: A new surgical approach (1989) Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 37 (1), pp. 11-19Dor, V., Sabatier, M., di Donato, M., Montiglio, F., Toso, A., Maioli, M., Efficacy of endoventricular patch plasty in large postinfarction akinetic scar and severe left ventricular dysfunction: Comparison with a series of large dyskinetic scars (1998) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 116 (1), pp. 50-59Braile, D.M., Mustafa, R.M., Ardito, R.V., Zaiantchick, M., Coelho, W.M., (1991) Correction of the Left Ventricle Geometry with Semi Rigid Bovine Pericardial Prosthesis Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 6 (2), pp. 109-115Isomura, T., Horii, T., Suma, H., Buckberg, G.D., Septal anterior ventricular exclusion operation (Pacopexy) for ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: Treat form not disease (2006) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 29 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S245-S250. , RESTORE GroupJones, R.H., Velazquez, E.J., Michler, R.E., Sopko, G., Oh, J.K., O'Connor, C.M., Coronary bypass surgery with or without surgical ventricular reconstruction (2009) N Engl J Med, 360 (17), pp. 1705-1717di Donato, M., Castelvecchio, S., Kukulski, T., Bussadori, C., Giacomazzi, F., Frigiola, A., Surgical ventricular restoration: Left ventricular shape influence on cardiac function, clinical status, and survival (2009) Ann Thorac Surg, 87 (2), pp. 455-461Najafi, M., Sheikhvatan, M., Montazeri, A., Sheikhfathollahi, M., Predictors of quality of life among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (2008) Acta Cardiol, 63 (6), pp. 713-721Messaoudi, N., de Cocker, J., Stockman, B.A., Bossaert, L.L., Rodrigus, I.E., Is EuroSCORE useful in the prediction of extended intensive care unit stay after cardiac surgery? (2009) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 36 (1), pp. 35-39Santarpino, G., Onorati, F., Rubino, A.S., Abdalla, K., Caroleo, S., Santangelo, E., Preoperative intraaortic balloon pumping improves outcomes for high-risk patients in routine coronary artery bypass graft surgery (2009) Ann Thorac Surg, 87 (2), pp. 481-488Nashef, S.A., Roques, F., Michel, P., Gauducheau, E., Lemeshow, S., Salamon, R., European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE) (1999) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 16 (1), pp. 9-13Dor, V., Sabatier, M., di Donato, M., Maioli, M., Toso, A., Montiglio, F., Late hemodynamic results after left ventricular patch repair associated with coronary grafting in patients with postinfarction akinetic or dyskinetic aneurysm of the left ventricle (1995) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 110 (5), pp. 1291-1299Athanasuleas, C.L., Buckberg, G.D., Stanley, A.W., Siler, W., Dor, V., Didonato, M., RESTORE Group. Surgical ventricular restoration: The RESTORE Group experience (2004) Heart Fail Rev, 9 (4), pp. 287-297Salati, M., di Biasi, P., Paje, A., Santoli, C., Left ventricular geometry after endoventriculoplasty (1993) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 7 (11), pp. 574-578Buckberg, G.D., Coghlan, H.C., Torrent-Guasp, F., The structure and function of the helical heart and its buttress wrapping. VI. Geometric Concepts of Heart Failure and Use For Structural Correction (2001) Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 13 (4), pp. 386-401di Donato, M., Sabatier, M., Dor, V., Gensini, G.F., Toso, A., Maioli, M., Effects of the Dor procedure on left ventricular dimension and shape and geometric correlates of mitral regurgitation one year after surgery (2001) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 121 (1), pp. 91-96Suma, H., Horii, T., Isomura, T., Buckberg, G., A new concept of ventricular restoration for nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (2006) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 29 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S207-S212. , RESTORE GroupForm versus disease: Optimizing geometry during ventricular restoration (2006) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 29 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S238-S244. , RESTORE GroupKieser, T.M., The left ventricle: To reconstruct or not: Lessons from the STICH trial (2009) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 138 (3), p. 784Suma, H., Isomura, T., Horii, T., Buckberg, G., Role of site selection for left ventriculoplasty to treat idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (2004) Heart Fail Rev, 9 (4), pp. 329-336. , RESTORE GroupDancini, J.L., Rodrigues, J.J., Santos, J.S., Pinto, R.F.A., Burgos, F.J.C., Conforti, C.A., Left ventricular aneurysmectomy: Late followup (1996) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 1 (11), pp. 23-29Almeida, R.M.S., Lima, J.D., Bastos, L.C., Carvalho, C.T., Loures, D.R., Endoventricular circular patch plasty with septal exclusion: Initial experience (2000) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 4 (15), pp. 302-307Campagnucci, V.P., Rivetti, L.A., Pinto e Silva, A.M.R., Gandra, S.M.A., Pereira, W.L., Aneurismectomia de ventrículo esquerdo com o coração batendo ininterruptamente: Resultados imediatos (2006) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 21 (1), pp. 55-61Herrera, C.B., Insalralde, A., Brandi, A.C., Santos, C.A., Herrera, D.D., Soares, M.J.F., Correção de aneurisma de ventrículo esquerdo em paciente chagásico empregando prótese de pericárdio bovino (2000) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 15 (1), pp. 72-74Sgarbi, C.J., Ardito, R.V., Santos, R.C., Bogdan, R.A.B., Arruda Jr., F.V., Silva, E.M., Correção cirúrgica do aneurisma de ventrículo esquerdo: Comparação entre as técnicas de sutura linear e reconstrução geométrica (2000) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 15 (4), pp. 293-301Versteegh, M.I., Lamb, H.J., Bax, J.J., Curiel, F.B., van der Wall, E.E., de Roos, A., MRI evaluation of left ventricular function in anterior LV aneurysms before and after surgical resection (2003) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 23 (4), pp. 609-613Use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in surgical ventricular restoration (2006) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 29 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S216-S224. , Buckberg GD;RESTORE GroupWalker, J.C., Guccione, J.M., Jiang, Y., Zhang, P., Wallace, A.W., Hsu, E.W., Helical myofiber orientation after myocardial infarction and left ventricular surgical restoration in sheep (2005) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 129 (2), pp. 382-39

Coconut Shells As Filling Material For Anaerobic Filters

In rural areas of developing countries, there is a lack of sanitation services and the installation of such infrastructure is hampered by the high investment costs for initial implementation and by the limited availability of qualified personnel. An alternative to traditional sanitation services include an anaerobic filter, but the high cost of appropriate filling material can be an obstacle to its wide-spread implementation. To decrease this construction cost, the objective of this work was to study the use of coconut shells as filling material for anaerobic filters. Anaerobic filters were built and filled with the studied material and operated with up flow and hydraulic retention time of 9 hours. The reactors provided a removal of 79 ± 16% in BOD terms, indicating that the coconut shell filling had efficiency consistent with the literature data. In addition, the husks were found to retain their tensile strength following use in the reactors. Coconut husks have more empty bed volume than other low cost materials, such as crushed stone, nearing properties of traditional materials. The results of this study indicate that coconut husks may prove to be a low cost alternative to traditional fillers for anaerobic treatment in rural communities. © 2013 Cruz et al.; licensee Springer.2116Alexiou, G.E., Mara, D.D., Anaerobic waste stabilization ponds (2003) Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 109, pp. 241-252Baek, S.H., Pagilla, K.R., Kim, H., Lab-scale study of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for dilute municipal wastewater treatment (2010) Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng, 15, pp. 704-708Barros, A.R., Adorno, M.A.T., Sakamoto, I.K., Maintinguer, S.I., Varesche, M.B.A., Silva, E.S., Performance evaluation and phylogenetic characterization of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors using ground tire and pet as support materials for biohydrogen production (2011) Bioresour Technol, 102, pp. 3840-3847Camargo, S.A.R., Nour, E.A.A., Bamboo as an anaerobic medium: Effect of filter column height (2001) Water Sci Technol, 44, pp. 63-70Chernicharo, C.A.L., Post-treatment options for the anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater (2006) Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol, 5, pp. 73-92Chernicharo, C., (2007) Reatores Anaeróbios, p. 379. , 1st edn. UFMG, Belo Horizonte(2008) Deliberação Normativa no 1, , COPAM-Conselho Estadual De Política Ambiental, Diário do Executivo de Minas Gerais, Minas GeraisCruz, L.M.O., Tonetti, A.L., Coraucci Filho, B., Tonon, D., Stefanutti, R., Remoção da matéria orgânica de efluente doméstico por reator anaeróbio preenchido com coco verde (2010) Revista DAE, 184, pp. 11-16(2011) Evolução da produção de coco no Brasil e o comércio internacional, , EMBRAPA Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiro, AracajuForesti, E., Anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage: Established technologies and perspectives (2002) Water Sci Technol, 45 (10), pp. 181-186Frankin, R.J., Full-scale experiences with anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater (2001) Water Sci Technol, 44, pp. 1-6Hedberg, T., Attitudes to traditional and alternative sustainable sanitary systems (1999) Water Sci Technol, 39, pp. 9-16Henley, E.J., Seader, J.D., (2005) Separation Process Principles, p. 700. , 2nd edn. John Wiley&Sons, Inc, New York (USA)(2010) Pesquisa Nacional de Saneamento Básico, , IBGE-Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Ministério do Planejamento e Orçamento, Rio de JaneiroKang, H., Moon, S., Shin, K., Park, S., Pretreatment of swine wastewater using anaerobic filter (2003) Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 109, pp. 117-126Massoud, M.A., Tarhini, B.A., Nasr, J.A., Decentralized approaches to wastewater treatment and management: Applicability in developing countries (2009) J Environ Manag, 90, pp. 652-659Mergaert, K., Vanderhaegen, B., Verstraete, W., Applicability and trends of anaerobic pre-treatment of municipal wastewater (1992) Water Res, 26 (8), pp. 1025-1033Metcalf, L., Eddy, H.P., (2003) Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal, and Reuse, p. 1848. , 4th edn. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc, New York (USA)(2006) Agregados-Determinação da massa unitária e do volume de vazios, , NBR NM45, ABNT, São PauloOhmiya, K., Sakka, K., Kimura, T., Anaerobic bacterial degradation for the effective utilization of biomass (2005) Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng, 10, pp. 482-493Paraskevas, P.A., Giokas, D.L., Lekkas, T.D., Wastewater management in coastal urban areas: The case of Greece (2002) Water Sci Technol, 46, pp. 177-186Pinto, J.D.S., (1995) Tratamento de esgotos sanitários em filtros anaeróbios utilizando escória de alto forno como meio suporte, , Dissertation in Sanitary Engineering. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BrazilRosa, A.P., Lobato, L.C.S., Chernicharo, C.A.L., Martins, D.C.R.B., Maciel, F.M., Borges, J.M., Improving performance and operational control of UASB reactors via proper sludge and scum discharge routines (2012) Water Pract Tech, 7 (3), pp. 1-11Show, K.Y., Tay, J.H., Influence of support media on biomass growth and retention in anaerobic filters (1999) Water Res, 33 (6), pp. 1471-1481(2012) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, , 22nd edn American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington DC, USATonetti, A.L., Coraucci Filho, B., Guimarães, J.R., Cruz, M.O.C., Nakamura, M.S., Avaliação da partida e operação de filtros anaeróbios tendo bambu como material de recheio (2011) Revista Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 16 (1), pp. 11-16Tonetti, A.L., Coraucci Filho, B., Nicolau, C.E., Barbosa, M., Tonon, D., Tratamento de esgoto e produção de água de reúso com o emprego de filtros de areia (2012) Revista Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 17 (1), pp. 287-294Van Haandel, A., Kato, M.T., Cavalcanti, P.F.F., Florencio, L., Anaerobic reactor design concepts for thetreatment of domestic wastewater (2006) Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol, 5, pp. 21-38Wilderer, P.A., Schreff, D., Decentralized and centralized wastewater management: A challenge for technology developers (2000) Water Sci Technol, 41 (1), pp. 1-8Yang, Y., Tada, C., Miah, M.S., Tsukahara, K., Yagishita, T., Sawayama, S., Influence of bed materials on methanogenic characteristics and immobilized microbes in anaerobic digester (2004) Mater Sci Eng, 24, pp. 413-41

Plasma Lipases And Lipid Transfer Proteins Increase Phospholipid But Not Free Cholesterol Transfer From Lipid Emulsion To High Density Lipoproteins

Background: Plasma lipases and lipid transfer proteins are involved in the generation and speciation of high density lipoproteins. In this study we have examined the influence of plasma lipases and lipid transfer protein activities on the transfer of free cholesterol (FC) and phospholipids (PL) from lipid emulsion to human, rat and mouse lipoproteins. The effect of the lipases was verified by incubation of labeled (3H-FC, 14C-PL) triglyceride rich emulsion with human plasma (control, post-heparin and post-heparin plus lipase inhibitor), rat plasma (control and post-heparin) and by the injection of the labeled lipid emulsion into control and heparinized functionally hepatectomized rats. Results: In vitro, the lipase enriched plasma stimulated significantly the transfer of 14C-PL from emulsion to high density lipoprotein (p&lt;0.001) but did not modify the transfer of 3H-FC. In hepatectomized rats, heparin stimulation of intravascular lipolysis increased the plasma removal of 14C-PL and the amount of 14C-PL found in the low density lipoprotein density fraction but not in the high density lipoprotein density fraction. The in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that free cholesterol and phospholipids were transferred from lipid emulsion to plasma lipoproteins independently from each other. The incubation of human plasma, control and control plus monoclonal antibody anti-cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with 14C-PL emulsion showed that CETP increases 14C-PL transfer to human HDL, since its partial inhibition by the anti-CETP antibody reduced significantly the 14C-PL transfer (p&lt;0.05). However, comparing the nontransgenic (no CETP activity) with the CETP transgenic mouse plasma, no effect of CETP on the 14C-PL distribution in mice lipoproteins was observed. Conclusions: It is concluded that: 1-intravascular lipases stimulate phospholipid transfer protein mediated phospholipid transfer, but not free cholesterol, from triglyceride rich particles to human high density lipoproteins and rat low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins; 2-free cholesterol and phospholipids are transferred from triglyceride rich particles to plasma lipoproteins by distinct mechanisms, and 3 - CETP also contributes to phospholipid transfer activity in human plasma but not in transgenic mice plasma, a species which has high levels of the specific phospholipid transfer protein activity.219Backer, G., Bacquer, D., Konitzer, M., Epidemiological aspects of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1998) Atherosclerosis, 137, pp. S1-S6Stein, O., Stein, Y., Atheroprotective mechanisms of HDL (1999) Atherosclerosis, 144, pp. 285-301Tall, A.R., Plasma lipid transfer proteins (1995) Annu Rev Biochem, 64, pp. 235-257Hesler, B., Tall, A.R., Swenson, T.L., Weech, P.K., Marcel, Y.L., Milne, R.W., Monoclonal antibody to the Mr 74000 cholesterol ester transfer protein neutralize all of the cholesterol ester and triglyceride transfer activities in human plasma (1988) J Biol Chem, 263, pp. 5020-5023Swenson, T.L., Brocia, R.W., Tall, A.R., Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein has binding sites for neutral lipids and phospholipids (1988) J Biol Chem, 263, pp. 5150-5157Lagrost, L., Athias, A., Gambert, P., Lallemant, C., Comparative study of phospholipid transfer activities mediated by cholesteryl ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein (1994) J Lipid Res, 35, pp. 825-835Tato, F., Vega, G.L., Grundy, S.M., Determinants of plasma HDL-cholesterol in hypertriglyceridemic patients (1997) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 17, pp. 56-63Tall, A.R., Forester, L.R., Bongiovanni, G.L., Facilitation of phosphatidylcholine transfer into HDL lipoproteins by an apolipoprotein in the density 1.20-1.26 g/ml fraction of plasma (1983) J Lipid Res, 24, pp. 277-289Albers, J.J., Tollefson, J.H., Chen, C.H., Steinmetz, A., Isolation and characterization of human plasma lipid transfer proteins (1984) Arteriosclerosis, 4, pp. 49-58Guyard-Dangremont, V., Desrumaux, C., Gambert, P., Lallemant, C., Lagrost, L., Phospholipid and cholesteryl ester transfer activities in plasma from 14 vertebrate species. 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Faces Merely Labelled as Artificial are Trusted Less

Artificial intelligence plays a crucial role on our daily lives. At the same time, artificial intelligence is often met with reluctance and distrust. Previous research demonstrated that faces that are visibly artificial are considered to be less trustworthy and remembered less accurately compared to natural faces. Current technology, however, enables the generation of artificial faces that are indistinguishable from natural faces. Accordingly, we tested whether natural faces that are merely labelled to be artificial are also trusted less. In three experiments (N = 399), we observed that natural faces merely labeled as being artificial were judged to be less trustworthy. This bias was robust and did not depend on the degree of trustworthiness and attractiveness of the faces, nor could it be modulated by changing raters’ attitude towards artificial intelligence. At the same time, we did not observe differences in recall performance. We conclude that understanding and changing social evaluations towards artificial intelligence goes beyond eliminating physical differences between artificial and natural entities