Комплекс шкідливих організмів, які заселяють берези (Betula L.) у дендрарії Національного ботанічного саду ім. М.М. Гришка НАН України

Types of pests and pathogenic agents which damage the species and cultivar type birch (Betula L.) in arboretum of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Gardens of the NAS of Ukraine in 2010–2012 are represented. Characteristics of damage by pests and disease lesions and some features of development of pests are described.Наведено видовий склад шкідників і збудників хвороб, які пошкоджували види та культивари роду береза (Betula L.) у дендрарії Національного ботанічного саду ім. М.М. Гришка НАН України у 2010–2012 рр. Описано характерні ознаки пошкоджень шкідниками і уражень хворобами, а також деякі особливості розвитку шкідників

Storm-time VLF emissions caused by the solar wind disturbances:a case study on 8 December 2013

Abstract This study is made of temporal variations of the daytime VLF emissions (1–6 kHz) occurred during the moderate magnetic storm (Kp = 6) on 8 December 2013. The storm was associated with the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). VLF emissions were recorded in the frequency band of 0.2–39 kHz during the dark winter at Kannuslehto (KAN, L ~ 5.5) in Northern Finland. The results were compared with simultaneous variations in the solar wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). It was found that intense VLF chorus started after the pressure jump in solar wind (from 7 to 12 nPa) under the positive IMF Bz. The VLF emissions occurred in two separate frequency bands. The lower frequency (below ~2 kHz) band represents the intense long lasting hiss with right-hand polarization, and in the upper frequency band (above ~2 kHz) the left-hand polarized hiss bursts occurred during about 1 hour. The plasmasphere was strongly compressed, and due to that KAN was mapped outside of the plasmapause. We suppose that VLF chorus exited in the magnetosphere by the cyclotron instability of the radiation belt electrons. The low frequency chorus was generated outside of the plasmapause and arrived to KAN along the direction of N-S meridian. The high-frequency band was generated inside of the plasmasphere arrived to KAN almost along the meridian

Space weather and space anomalies

A large database of anomalies, registered by 220 satellites in different orbits over the period 1971–1994 has been compiled. For the first time, data from 49 Russian Kosmos satellites have been included in a statistical analysis. The database also contains a large set of daily and hourly space weather parameters. A series of statistical analyses made it possible to quantify, for different satellite orbits, space weather conditions on the days characterized by anomaly occurrences. In particular, very intense fluxes (>1000 pfu at energy >10MeV) of solar protons are linked to anomalies registered by satellites in high-altitude (>15 000 km), near-polar (inclination >55_) orbits typical for navigation satellites, such as those used in the GPS network, NAVSTAR, etc. (the rate of anomalies increases by a factor ~20), and to a much smaller extent to anomalies in geostationary orbits, (they increase by a factor ~4). Direct and indirect connections between anomaly occurrence and geomagnetic perturbations are also discussed

Different space weather effects in anomalies of the high and low orbital satellites

Preliminary results of the EU INTAS Project 00810, which aims to improve the methods of safeguarding satellites in the Earth's magnetosphere from the negative effects of the space environment, are presented. Anomaly data from the ‘‘Kosmos’’ series satellites in the period 1971–1999 are combined in one database, together with similar information on other spacecraft. This database contains, beyond the anomaly information, various characteristics of the space weather: geomagnetic activity indices (Ap, AE and Dst), fluxes and fluences of electrons and protons at different energies, high energy cosmic ray variations and other solar, interplanetary and solar wind data. A comparative analysis of the distribution of each of these parameters relative to satellite anomalies was carried out for the total number of anomalies (about 6000 events), and separately for high (~5000 events) and low (about 800 events) altitude orbit satellites. No relation was found between low and high altitude satellite anomalies. Daily numbers of satellite anomalies, averaged by a superposed epoch method around sudden storm commencements and proton event onsets for high (>1500 km) and low (<1500 km) altitude orbits revealed a big difference in a behavior. Satellites were divided on several groups according to the orbital characteristics (altitude and inclination). The relation of satellite anomalies to the environmental parameters was found to be different for various orbits that should be taken into account under developing of the anomaly frequency models. © 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved