Magnetic field and plasma inside and outside of the Martian magnetosphere

Simultaneous magnetic and plasma measurements, carried out by wide angle plasma detectors in the Mars environment, are compared in order to identify regions with significantly different physical properties. Magnetograms and ion spectra indicate changes in the magnetopause and magnetosphere of Mars that are associated with the dynamic pressure effect of the solar wind

Modern technologies of teaching philological disciplines in higher education institutions

The purpose of the study is the justification and development of technologies of the disciplinary and local levels for studying courses in the literary cycle in the conditions of a modular ballroom-learning system. General scientific methods, empirical, praximetric, prognostic methods were used. The practical significance of the article includes the development and determination of the effectiveness of the methods of applying modern technologies for teaching literature in universities. As a result, the essence of multimedia (electronic) technology, several varieties of interactive and design technologies for teaching literary disciplines are determined, their choice is justified. It is proved that these pedagogical technologies provide high-quality learning outcomes. Key words: pedagogical technology, disciplinary level technologies, local level technologies, multimedia technology, electronic teaching aids, conceptualization technology for the training course and block material presentation, interactive technology, project technology

Magnetic field in Le Monnier Bay according to data of Lunokhod 2

Results of the first traverse measurement of the magnetic field on the surface of the moon are analyzed. The mean value of the magnetic field in the portion of Le Monnier Bay investigated is estimated at 20 to 30 gammas. An anomaly of the field was disclosed, which is confined to craters that exceed 50 meters in size

Antibiofilm activity of aminopropanol derivatives against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bacterial biofilm, particularly formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are a cause of severe chronic infectious diseases. Bacteria within a biofilm are phenotypically more resistant to antibiotics and the macroorganism immune system, making it an important virulence factor for many microbes. The aminopropanol derivatives with adamantyl (KVM-97) and N-alkylaryl radicals (KVM-194, KVM-204, KVM-261, and KVM-262) were used as study object. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiofilm activity of compounds on biofilm formation and on mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa. The effects of the aminopropanol derivatives on the biofilm mass were evaluated by using crystal violet assay. Ciprofloxacin, meropenem, ceftazidime, gentamicin were used as reference substances. Reported results demonstrate that all compounds displayed antibiofilm activity at the tested concentrations. Remarkable reduction in biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa was found after treatment with KVM-97, KVM-261 and KVM-262 in high concentration (5× MIC), biofilm inhibition activity were 84.3%, 90.5% and 83.3% respectively. After a treatment with KVM-204 at 250 μg/ml (5× MIC) 76.6% of the preformed 24-hr biofilms were destroyed. Furthermore, compounds KVM-97, KVM-194, and KVM-261 in both concentrations showed potent antibiofilm activity against the P. aeruginosa, inhibition activity values being between 56.7 and 65.7%. All tested compounds in dose-dependent manner exhibited pronounced inhibition activity against mature 5-days P. аeruginosa biofilm. It was also observed that tested compounds show high antibiofilm activity in comparison to reference antimicrobials. The aminopropanol derivatives may provide templates for a new group of antimicrobial agents and potential future therapeutics for treating chronic infections

Методика фМРТ анализа двигательной функциональной системы у пациентов после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы

The aim of the study. To identify alterations of motor connectome in patients with varying degrees of hemi-paresis after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) versus healthy volunteers.Material and methods. The study included 29 patients with TBI aged 18 to 35 years and 23 healthy volunteers aged 20 to 32 years. Participants underwent a comprehensive clinical and neuroimaging study. Motor impairment was evaluated via muscle strength assessment using a five-score scale. The fMRI data were processed using a dedicated CONN software package. Anatomical 3-D connection masks of the whole brain motor functional system in the predetermined regions of interest (ROIs) were used for the assessment. Then the group indicators of functional connectivity (statistical significance of the connection) were computed.Results. It was established that the structure of connections in healthy individuals performing active movement with the right (leading) hand is determined by formation of focus in the cortical and subcortical ROIs in the contralateral hemisphere. With passive movement of the right hand the pale ball becomes functionally active in addition to the activated areas. The striopallidar system structures became active on both sides, and connectivity with the additional motor cortex and the motor cortex of the ipsilateral hemisphere emerged as the paresis increased during active movement. The focus of motor activity during passive movement was determined in the motor cortex and putamen, which makes it possible to use a passive test in patients with gross motor disorders or unconsciousness for a full assessment of the entire structural and functional brain connectome.Conclusion. As hemiparesis increased in patients after severe traumatic brain injury, a decrease in the total number of connection appeared; simultaneous engagement of ancient primordial structures, such as bilateral activation of pale globes, demonstrated neuroplasticity.Цель исследования — выявить изменения структуры двигательной функциональной системы в норме и у пациентов при разной степени гемипареза после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ).Материал и методы. В исследование включили 52 человека (29 пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 35 лет, перенесших ЧМТ, и 23 здоровых испытуемых в возрасте от 20 до 32 лет). Проводили комплексное клиническое и нейровизуализационное исследование. Нарушение движений исследовали по пятибалльной шкале оценки мышечной силы. Данные фМРТ обрабатывали с помощью специализированного пакета программ CONN. Создавали «маску» двигательной функциональной системы по заданным зонам интереса (regions of interest, ROI) в объеме головного мозга. Затем вычисляли групповые показатели коннективности (статистическая значимость связи).Результаты. Установили, что при самостоятельном движении правой (ведущей) рукой у здоровых людей структура связей определяется формированием фокуса корковых и подкорковых зонах интереса контралатерального движению полушария. При пассивном движении правой рукой в дополнение к активированным областям функционально активным становится бледный шар. По мере нарастания пареза при активном движении появлялась активность структур стриопаллидарной системы с двух сторон, появлялась связанность дополнительной моторной коры и моторной коры ипсилатерального полушария. При пассивном движении определяли фокус двигательной активности в моторной коре и скорлупе, что позволяет применять пассивную пробу у пациентов с грубыми двигательными нарушениями или без сознания для полноценной оценки всей двигательной функциональной системы головного мозга.Заключение. По мере нарастания гемипареза у пациентов после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы отметили уменьшение общего количества связанностей; при этом включались более древние структуры в виде активизации бледного шара с двух сторон, что отражает нейропластические процессы

Principles of Organization and Carrying out of Laboratory Diagnostics in the Mobile Indication Laboratory Used for Epizootiological Surveillance over Particularly Dangerous and Other Natural Foci Infections

Determined are optimal structure and basic principles of organization of work in the mobile indication laboratory for carrying-out of epizootiological surveillance over particularly dangerous and other natural foci infections. Outlined are the requirements to the laboratory itself, to specialists, and organization of investigations too. All the measures mentioned above will allow to entrench the order of laboratory diagnostics conducted in the mobile laboratory in case of epizootiological surveillance over natural foci of particularly dangerous infectious diseases

Antiseptic properties of aminoadamantane derivative

Development of microbial resistance to current antimicrobial drugs created a critical need of the new antiseptics. The object of our study was phenyladamantane derivative (4-(adamantyl-1)-1-(1-aminobutyl)benzol, AM-166). The aim of the presented study was to investigate the specific activity of 4% AM-166 solution in isopropanol and 5% AM-166 solution in 76% ethanol (manufactured by PJSC SIC «Borshchahivskiy CPP») against the wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi, and effective concentrations and exposition time determination. Desinfectant/antiseptic activity was evaluated by quantitative suspension method with subsequent neutralization. Our results showed that both solutions exhibited similar activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as against yeasts. Antibacterial and antifungal action was demonstrated for all investigated concentrations (initial solution, 5-fold and 10-fold dilutions), observed effect was maintained throughout the whole observation period (from 5 to 30 min). Tested solutions in initial concentrations demonstrated fungicidal activity against A. niger. 5-fold dilution of 5% AM-166 solution in 76% ethanol was more effective than 5-fold dilution of 4% AM-166 solution in isopropanol. 10-fold dilutions of both solutions were ineffective against A. niger. The data obtained suggest the prospects of adamantane derivatives for the development of novel antiseptics

Defining Developmental Potency and Cell Lineage Trajectories by Expression Profiling of Differentiating Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Biologists rely on morphology, function and specific markers to define the differentiation status of cells. Transcript profiling has expanded the repertoire of these markers by providing the snapshot of cellular status that reflects the activity of all genes. However, such data have been used only to assess relative similarities and differences of these cells. Here we show that principal component analysis of global gene expression profiles map cells in multidimensional transcript profile space and the positions of differentiating cells progress in a stepwise manner along trajectories starting from undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells located in the apex. We present three ‘cell lineage trajectories’, which represent the differentiation of ES cells into the first three lineages in mammalian development: primitive endoderm, trophoblast and primitive ectoderm/neural ectoderm. The positions of the cells along these trajectories seem to reflect the developmental potency of cells and can be used as a scale for the potential of cells. Indeed, we show that embryonic germ cells and induced pluripotent cells are mapped near the origin of the trajectories, whereas mouse embryo fibroblast and fibroblast cell lines are mapped near the far end of the trajectories. We suggest that this method can be used as the non-operational semi-quantitative definition of cell differentiation status and developmental potency. Furthermore, the global expression profiles of cell lineages provide a framework for the future study of in vitro and in vivo cell differentiation