Third and fourth degree collisional moments for inelastic Maxwell models

The third and fourth degree collisional moments for $d$-dimensional inelastic Maxwell models are exactly evaluated in terms of the velocity moments, with explicit expressions for the associated eigenvalues and cross coefficients as functions of the coefficient of normal restitution. The results are applied to the analysis of the time evolution of the moments (scaled with the thermal speed) in the free cooling problem. It is observed that the characteristic relaxation time toward the homogeneous cooling state decreases as the anisotropy of the corresponding moment increases. In particular, in contrast to what happens in the one-dimensional case, all the anisotropic moments of degree equal to or less than four vanish in the homogeneous cooling state for $d\geq 2$.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures; v2: addition of two new reference

Scaling down the great Egypt pyramids to enhance CO2 splitting in a micro DBD reactor

The CO2 splitting reaction has been investigated in a plate-to-plate micro DBD reactor with a high voltage electrode having pyramid charge injection points. The presence of sharp points (pyramids) creates zones with enhanced electric field around them. The minimum discharge voltage in the pyramid micro DBD reactor reduced from 6.5 to 5.2 kV (peak-to-peak). At the same time, the CO2 conversion increased 1.5 times as compared to that in the reactor with a flat electrode. Lowering the discharge gap from 0.50 to 0.25 mm resulted in more intense microdischarges, further increasing CO2 conversion by 1.3 times. At the same time, the energy efficiency increased further by 1.3 times. There exists an optimum residence time of 0.5 ms as a result of an interplay between plasma contact time and flow non-uniformity. The highest energy efficiency of 20% was obtained at a 3 W power, achieving a CO2 conversion of 16%

Влияние лазерной коррекции на гидратную оболочку биоструктур клеток миокарда и печени при массивной кровопотере

Acute rat experiments have studied the impact of acute blood loss on the distribution of water fractions (total, free, and bound) in myocardial and hepatic tissues and whether detected impairments can be corrected by laser irradiation. They have provided an insight into the new pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for homeostatic disorders in blood loss and some aspects of the mechanism of action of laser emission on the body’s adaptive processes. The functioning of biopolymers and molecular structures in tissues is largely determined by their content of water. The redistribution of water towards to a blood loss-associated increase in bound water is a compensatory reaction aimed at preserving the biological structure of biopoly-mers. The decrease in hydrant-bound water suggests that there are severe derangements of their structure. The changes in the tissue free/bound water ratio reflect the degree of the body’s dysadaptation to blood loss. Laser irradiation has an adap-togenic effect on the structure of water in compensated hemorrhagic shock and a damaging action in decompensated one. В острых экспериментах на крысах изучено влияние острой кровопотери на распределение фракций воды (общей, свободной и связанной) в тканях миокарда и печени и возможность коррекции отмеченных нарушений лазерным излучением. Результаты экспериментов позволили раскрыть новые патогенетические механизмы нарушений гомеостаза при кровопотере и некоторые стороны механизма действия лазерного излучения на адаптивные процессы в организме. Показано, что функционирование биополимеров и молекулярных структур в тканях в значительной мере определяется содержанием в них воды. Перераспределение воды в сторону увеличения связанной при кровопотере является компенсаторной реакцией, направленной на сохранение биоструктуры биополимеров. Уменьшение гидратно связанной воды свидетельствует о глубоких нарушениях их структуры. Изменения в соотношении свободной и связанной воды в тканях отражает степень дезадаптации организма к кровопотере. Лазерное излучение оказывает адаптогенное действие на структуру воды при компенсированном геморрагическом шоке и повреждающее — при декомпенсированном

Approaches to the therapy of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Resolution of an online meeting of the Volga Federal District experts

At an online meeting of experts held on May 14, 2021 additional research results on a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were considered. According to the data from the EMPEROR-Reduced international study, cardiovascular and renal effects of empagliflozin therapy in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) were analyzed. A number of proposals and recommendations was accepted regarding the further study of cardiovascular and renal effects of empagliflozin and its use in clinical practice in patients with heart failure, regardless of the T2D presence

Guidance on noncorticosteroid systemic immunomodulatory therapy in noninfectious uveitis: fundamentals of care for uveitis (focus) initiative

Topic: An international, expert-led consensus initiative to develop systematic, evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis in the era of biologics. Clinical Relevance: The availability of biologic agents for the treatment of human eye disease has altered practice patterns for the management of noninfectious uveitis. Current guidelines are insufficient to assure optimal use of noncorticosteroid systemic immunomodulatory agents. Methods: An international expert steering committee comprising 9 uveitis specialists (including both ophthalmologists and rheumatologists) identified clinical questions and, together with 6 bibliographic fellows trained in uveitis, conducted a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol systematic reviewof the literature (English language studies from January 1996 through June 2016; Medline [OVID], the Central Cochrane library, EMBASE,CINAHL,SCOPUS,BIOSIS, andWeb of Science). Publications included randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies with sufficient follow-up, case series with 15 cases or more, peer-reviewed articles, and hand-searched conference abstracts from key conferences. The proposed statements were circulated among 130 international uveitis experts for review.Atotal of 44 globally representativegroupmembersmet in late 2016 to refine these guidelines using a modified Delphi technique and assigned Oxford levels of evidence. Results: In total, 10 questions were addressed resulting in 21 evidence-based guidance statements covering the following topics: when to start noncorticosteroid immunomodulatory therapy, including both biologic and nonbiologic agents; what data to collect before treatment; when to modify or withdraw treatment; how to select agents based on individual efficacy and safety profiles; and evidence in specific uveitic conditions. Shared decision-making, communication among providers and safety monitoring also were addressed as part of the recommendations. Pharmacoeconomic considerations were not addressed. Conclusions: Consensus guidelines were developed based on published literature, expert opinion, and practical experience to bridge the gap between clinical needs and medical evidence to support the treatment of patients with noninfectious uveitis with noncorticosteroid immunomodulatory agents

Эффективность препарата комбинированной терапии серетида мультидиска у больных среднетяжелой бронхиальной астмой (результаты открытого многоцентрового рандомизированного сравнительного исследования "ADULT-STEP")

This trial was aimed to researching an efficacy of the Seretide Multidisk combinated therapy in patients with moderate bronchial asthma.The "Adult-step" program was designed as a randomized opened comparative multi-center trial. It involved 65 patients with moderate asthma aged 16 to 50 years divided into two groups. The 1st group patients have received fluticazone propionate 500 meg daily for all the treatment period (5 months) that was the "step up" mode. The 2nd group patients have received Seretide Multidisk 250/50 meg twice a day for 12 weeks, then they were changed the treatment to the fluticazone propionate 500 meg daily that was the "step down" mode. The control of asthma was assessed in 8 weeks by the E.Bateman's criteria. The 2nd group patients with unsatisfactory effect were expelled from the study, those of the 1st group were transferred to the "step down" mode. The study protocol included an assessment of the main asthma signs, respiratory function parameters, severity of post-exertion bronchoconstruction.At the end of the trial 69.7% of patients taking Seretide Multidisk (the 2nd group) and 28.1% of the patients taking fluticazone propionate (the 1st group) achieved the asthma symptoms control according to the E.Bateman's criteria. So, the initial therapy with Seretide Multidisk was more effective than the "step up" pharmacological mode in moderate asthma patients.Цель настоящего исследования — изучение эффективности препарата комбинированной терапии серетида мультидиска у больных среднетяжелой бронхиальной астмой (БА).Дизайн программы "Adult-step" — открытое сравнительное рандомизированное многоцентровое исследование. В работе принимали участие 65 пациентов со среднетяжелым течением БА в возрасте от 16 до 50 лет, которые были разделены на 2 группы. Пациенты группы 1 в качестве стартовой терапии получали флутиказона пропионат (ФП) в дозе 500 мкг/ сут в течение всего лечебного периода (5 мес) — подход "step ир". Пациентам группы 2 назначался серетид мультидиск 250/50 мкг дважды в сутки (1-3-й месяцы терапии), а затем ФП 500 мкг/сут (4-5-й месяцы) — подход "step down". Конечными показателями эффективности терапии служили критерии "хорошо контролируемой астмы" по E.Bateman. Протокол исследования включал также оценку выраженности основных клинических симптомов БА, показателей функции внешнего дыхания, тяжести постнагрузочного бронхоспазма. В случае отсутствия контроля над симптомами БА по критериям E.Bateman на этапе 8 нед терапии пациенты группы 2 исключались из исследования, а представители группы 1 переводились на терапию в режиме "step down" (группа 1А). К моменту окончания исследования 69,7% пациентов из группы 2 и 28,1% представителей группы 1 достигли критериев "хорошо контролируемой астмы". Таким образом, применение подхода "step down" с использованием серетида мультидиска в качестве стартовой терапии у больных среднетяжелой БА демонстрирует превосходящую клиническую эффективность по сравнению с подходом "step ир"

2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Myocarditis in adults

Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)With the participation: Eurasian Association of Therapists (EUAT), Society of Specialists in Heart Failure (OSSN), Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists (RNMOT), Russian Society of Pathologists, Russian Society of Radiologists and Radiologists (RSR)Endorsed by: Research and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federatio

Guidance on Noncorticosteroid Systemic Immunomodulatory Therapy in Noninfectious Uveitis: Fundamentals Of Care for UveitiS (FOCUS) Initiative

Topic: An international, expert-led consensus initiative to develop systematic, evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis in the era of biologics. Clinical Relevance: The availability of biologic agents for the treatment of human eye disease has altered practice patterns for the management of noninfectious uveitis. Current guidelines are insufficient to assure optimal use of noncorticosteroid systemic immunomodulatory agents. Methods: An international expert steering committee comprising 9 uveitis specialists (including both ophthalmologists and rheumatologists) identified clinical questions and, together with 6 bibliographic fellows trained in uveitis, conducted a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol systematic review of the literature (English language studies from January 1996 through June 2016; Medline [OVID], the Central Cochrane library, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, BIOSIS, and Web of Science). Publications included randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies with sufficient follow-up, case series with 15 cases or more, peer-reviewed articles, and hand-searched conference abstracts from key conferences. The proposed statements were circulated among 130 international uveitis experts for review. A total of 44 globally representative group members met in late 2016 to refine these guidelines using a modified Delphi technique and assigned Oxford levels of evidence. Results: In total, 10 questions were addressed resulting in 21 evidence-based guidance statements covering the following topics: when to start noncorticosteroid immunomodulatory therapy, including both biologic and nonbiologic agents; what data to collect before treatment; when to modify or withdraw treatment; how to select agents based on individual efficacy and safety profiles; and evidence in specific uveitic conditions. Shared decision-making, communication among providers and safety monitoring also were addressed as part of the recommendations. Pharmacoeconomic considerations were not addressed. Conclusions: Consensus guidelines were developed based on published literature, expert opinion, and practical experience to bridge the gap between clinical needs and medical evidence to support the treatment of patients with noninfectious uveitis with noncorticosteroid immunomodulatory agents

Cause of Death and Predictors of All-Cause Mortality in Anticoagulated Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation : Data From ROCKET AF

M. Kaste on työryhmän ROCKET AF Steering Comm jäsen.Background-Atrial fibrillation is associated with higher mortality. Identification of causes of death and contemporary risk factors for all-cause mortality may guide interventions. Methods and Results-In the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF) study, patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were randomized to rivaroxaban or dose-adjusted warfarin. Cox proportional hazards regression with backward elimination identified factors at randomization that were independently associated with all-cause mortality in the 14 171 participants in the intention-to-treat population. The median age was 73 years, and the mean CHADS(2) score was 3.5. Over 1.9 years of median follow-up, 1214 (8.6%) patients died. Kaplan-Meier mortality rates were 4.2% at 1 year and 8.9% at 2 years. The majority of classified deaths (1081) were cardiovascular (72%), whereas only 6% were nonhemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. No significant difference in all-cause mortality was observed between the rivaroxaban and warfarin arms (P=0.15). Heart failure (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% CI 1.33-1.70, P= 75 years (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% CI 1.51-1.90, P Conclusions-In a large population of patients anticoagulated for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, approximate to 7 in 10 deaths were cardiovascular, whereasPeer reviewe

Базисная терапия тяжелой бронхиальной астмы у взрослых. Данные национального исследования НАБАТ

The study was aimed to Investigate severe asthma therapy in Russia. It involved 515 patients from 7 Russian cities according to the criteria of severe asthma. Individual registration cards were filled in considering dem ographic data, principal clinical features, drug therapy. It has been found that both inpatient and outpatient therapy of severe asthm a in Russia does not correspond to the standards recommended. The results confirmed high efficiency of inhaled corticosteroids when combined with long-acting β2-agonists. This therapy was found to be more effective then other regarding to symptoms, lung function param eters, rate of admission to a hospital and duration of hospital staying. Patients treated with this drug combination were satisfied by the treatment more often.Исследование проведено с целью изучения особенностей терапии тяжелой бронхиальной астмы (БА) в России. В соответствии с использовавшимися критериями тяжелой БА в исследование были включены 515 больных в 7 городах России. В каждом центре заполнялись индивидуальные регистрационные карты, при этом учитывались демографические характеристики пациента, основные аспекты клинического течения заболевания, мониторирования, фармакотерапии. Было обнаружено, что терапия тяжелой астмы в России, как на стационарном, так и на амбулаторном этапах, не соответствует рекомендованным стандартам. Результаты исследования еще раз подтверждают высокую эффективность применения комбинации ингаляционных кортикостероидов и длительнодействующих β2-агонистов. Данный вид терапии оказался эффективнее других вариантов в отношении симптомов, функции легких, частоты госпитализаций и их длительности, а пациенты, совместно получавшие ингаляционные кортикостероиды и длительнодействующие β2-агонистов были в гораздо большем количестве случаев удовлетворены лечением