МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ОПЫТ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В АМБУЛАТОРНОМ СЕКТОРЕ

The paper examines the international experience of drug supply and the risks faced by countries using various systems of drug provision to the population in the outpatient settings. The option of introducing a system of drug supply or drug insurance with co-payment by outpatients is discussed.В статье рассматривается международный опыт лекарственного обращения и те риски, с которыми столкнулись страны, применяющие различные системы лекарственного обеспечения населения при амбулаторном лечении. Обсуждается возможность введения лекарственного обеспечения или лекарственного страхования с возможностью сооплаты пациентами лекарственных препаратов в амбулаторном сегменте

Future Developments and Applications of the Vaccines against Dangerous Viral Infections, RNA-Replicon-Based, Obtained from the Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus

The members of the Filoviridae (Marburg and Ebola viruses) and Arenaviridae (Lassa, Lujo, Machupo, Junin, Guanarito, Sabia viruses) families are the etiological agents of particularly dangerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. These agents pose a potential threat to public health care in view of the possibility of their unintended import into the non-endemic regions, and thus construction of specific medical protectors as regards induced by them diseases is a pressing issue. According to leading experts, vaccination of the cohorts that fall in the risk groups is the most effective and least expensive method to prevent the development of epidemics. The review contains information on a new prospective line of protective preparations development as regards particularly dangerous viral infections - construction of alphavirus-replicon-based vaccine. Elaboration of recombinant replicons does not require cultivation of pathogenic microorganisms. RNA-replicons are distinguished by their incapacity to produce infective progeny, which is of a great importance for the development of vaccines against particularly dangerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. Advantages of alphaviral replicons over other RNA-replicons are as follows: high levels of heterologous gene expression and resistance to anti-vector immunity. RNA-replicons of alphaviruses combine the safety of inactivated, and immunogenicity of live attenuated vaccines. Alphaviruses-based replicons are suitable for express vaccine development with the purpose of specific prophylaxis of viral infectious diseases

The Synthesis and Investigation of the Electrical Properties of Tricadmium Diarsenide with MnAs Nanogranules

Abstract: Samples of tricadmium diarsenide with MnAs nanogranules (44.7 mol % MnAs) are synthesized. The morphology of the samples is studied by X-ray phase analysis and electron microscopy. The electrical properties of tricadmium diarsenide with MnAs nanogranules are studied in a range of temperatures of 77–372 K. It is found that the voltammetric characteristics are symmetrical relative to the inversion of the voltage sign at this temperature, and their deviation from ohmicity at a certain threshold voltage and decrease in the region of ohmicity with the growth in temperature are determined by the increase in the breakdown probability in a field above 5 × 104 V/m. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Association of polymorphisms of genes SLC30A8 and MC4R with the prognosis of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has reached epidemic proportions and it is estimated to affect over 400 million people worldwide. Moreover, the incidence of diabetes is expected to continue to rise and it is projected to affect nearly one of the three individuals by the year 2050. These alarming projections suggest that there is an urgent need for the development and implementation of novel prevention and treatment strategies to combat the rise in T2DM.AIM: To study the possibility of using polymorphisms of genes SLC30A8 and MC4R as markers for predicting the development of T2D in the population of Novosibirsk.MATERIALS AND METHODS: On the basis of prospective follow-up of a representative population sample of residents of Novosibirsk (The HAPIEE Project), 2 groups were formed according to the “case-control” principle (case — people who had diabetes mellitus 2 over 10 years of follow-up, and control — people who did not developed disorders of carbohydrate metabolism). T2D group (n = 443, mean age 56.2 ± 6.7 years, men — 29.6%, women — 70.4%), control group (n = 532, mean age 56.1 ± 7.1 years, men — 32.7%, women — 67.3%). DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction. Genotyping was performed by the method of polymerase chain reaction with subsequent analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction in real time. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS 16.0 software package.RESULTS: Genotype TT rs13266634 of the SLC30A8 gene was associated with the risk of developing T2D (relative risk — RR 1.51, 95% confidence interval — CI 1.11–2.05, p =0.008). The CC genotype rs13266634 of the SLC30A8 gene was associated with a protective effect against T2D (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35–0.92, p=0.026). No significant effect of rs17782313 of the MC4R gene on the risk of developing T2D was found.CONCLUSION: The rs13266634 polymorphism of the SLC30A8 gene confirmed its association with the prognosis of the development of T2D, which indicates the possibility of considering it as a candidate for inclusion in a diabetes risk score. The association between polymorphisms rs17782313 of the MC4R gene and the prognosis of the development of T2D was not found

ДИАГНОСТИРОВАНИЕ АВИАЦИОННЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ПО СОДЕРЖАНИЮ МЕТАЛЛОВ В МАСЛАХ

Current trends of civil aviation development show a significant increase in the number of aircraft with aircraft piston engines. The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation is preparing a draft order on amendments to the Federal aviation rules for the preparation and performance of flights in civil aviation (FAP-128), which stipulate for simplified procedures of paid excursion flights implementation for light and ultralight aircraft and helicopters. It is obvious that this circumstance will significantly affect the expansion of the fleet of these aircraft. Accordingly, the state of piston engines operating on aviation gasoline value questions are becoming increasingly relevant. The current problems of aviation engines diagnostics by metal contents in oils are observed in the article. Their bugs, possible ways of solving this problems and bugs, actual developments in this direction are shown. The application examples of early diagnostic methods using the automated diagnostic complex “Prisma” are shown. The oil samples taken from An-2 aircraft АШ-62ИР piston engine analyses results attract the most interest. They show that with proper training of personnel the valuable information coming from the oil samples can be a source of important conclusions not only in aircraft engines accessories and assemblies state value, but also others systems, and also conclusions about the quality of fuel and lubricants used. Estimating the residual life method of the engine at various stages of its operating time on the metal content in the oils and the procedure for oil selecting, allowing to obtain reliable results, are suggested.Современные тенденции развития гражданской авиации указывают на значительный рост количества летательных аппаратов с авиационными поршневыми двигателями. Министерством транспорта РФ готовится проект приказа о внесении изменений в федеральные авиационные правила подготовки и выполнения полетов в гражданской авиации (ФАП-128), которые предусматривают упрощенные процедуры осуществления платных экскурсионных полетов на легких и сверхлегких самолетах и вертолетах. Очевидно, что это обстоятельство значительно повлияет на расширение парка указанных воздушных судов, в связи с чем становятся все более актуальны вопросы оценки состояния поршневых двигателей, работающих на авиационных бензинах. В статье рассматриваются текущие проблемы диагностирования авиационных двигателей по содержанию металлов в маслах. Показаны их недостатки, возможные пути решения этих проблем и недостатков, актуальные разработки в данном направлении. Показаны примеры применения методов раннего диагностирования с использованием автоматизированного диагностического комплекса «Призма». Особый интерес представляют результаты анализов проб масла, отобранных из поршневого двигателя АШ-62ИР самолета АН-2. Они показывают, что при должной подготовке персонала поступающая с пробой масла ценная информация может быть источником важных заключений не только в оценке состояния узлов и агрегатов авиационных двигателей, но и других систем, а также заключений о качестве применяемых горюче-смазочных материалов. Предложен метод оценки остаточного ресурса двигателя на различных этапах его наработки по содержанию металлов в маслах, а также процедура отбора масла, позволяющая получить достоверные результаты

Epidemiological Situation on Natural Focal Infectious Diseases of Bacterial and Viral Etiology in 2012 in the Territory of Siberia and Far East, and Prognosis for 2013

Analyzed is the incidence rate as regards natural focal infections of bacterial and viral etiology. Displayed is the data on the performed laboratory diagnostics of these infections in the territory of Siberia and Far East in 2012 and forecast of the epidemiological situation development in 2013. Analysis is carried out based on the data received by the Reference Center for surveillance over natural focal infections at the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute, from Rospotrebnadzor Institutions of Siberian, Far-Eastern and Ural Federal districts, as well as reviews and prognoses on the current state of natural foci of infections available from Altay, Tuva, Chita, Khabarovsk and Primorsk plague control stations

Phase Behavior of Aqueous Na-K-Mg-Ca-CI-NO3 Mixtures: Isopiestic Measurements and Thermodynamic Modeling

A comprehensive model has been established for calculating thermodynamic properties of multicomponent aqueous systems containing the Na{sup +}, K{sup +}, Mg{sup 2+}, Ca{sup 2+}, Cl{sup -}, and NO{sub 3}{sup -} ions. The thermodynamic framework is based on a previously developed model for mixed-solvent electrolyte solutions. The framework has been designed to reproduce the properties of salt solutions at temperatures ranging from the freezing point to 300 C and concentrations ranging from infinite dilution to the fused salt limit. The model has been parameterized using a combination of an extensive literature database and new isopiestic measurements for thirteen salt mixtures at 140 C. The measurements have been performed using Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) previously designed gravimetric isopiestic apparatus, which makes it possible to detect solid phase precipitation. Water activities are reported for mixtures with a fixed ratio of salts as a function of the total apparent salt mole fraction. The isopiestic measurements reported here simultaneously reflect two fundamental properties of the system, i.e., the activity of water as a function of solution concentration and the occurrence of solid-liquid transitions. The thermodynamic model accurately reproduces the new isopiestic data as well as literature data for binary, ternary and higher-order subsystems. Because of its high accuracy in calculating vapor-liquid and solid-liquid equilibria, the model is suitable for studying deliquescence behavior of multicomponent salt systems