New high level application software for the control of the SPS-LEP beam transfer lines

New high level application software is being developed for the control of the SPS and LEP Transfer Lines. This paper briefly describes the model for the operation of these Transfer Lines, which is largely based on previous experience gained during the development and upgrades of the SPS and LEP control systems. The software system is then presented, followed by a description of the high level applications for the control room operators. Tools and methods used for the design and implementation of the system are mentioned

Epidemiology of the Diseases of Wheat under Different Strategies of Supplementary Irrigation

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important and highly productive crops grown under supplementary irrigation in the central region of Santa Fe. However, its production is limited by the presence of diseases in the main stages for yield definition. The objective of this work was to assess wheat health in response to different supplementary irrigation strategies under greenhouse and field conditions. The field experiment included three treatments: dry (D), controlled deficit irrigation (CDI), and total irrigation (TI) using the central pivot method. Disease incidence from stem elongation and severity in flag leaf and the leaf below the flag leaf were measured. Leaf area index (LAI), harvest index, air biomass, and yield components were determined. In greenhouse the treatments were TI and CDI, with evaluations similar to the field. The major leaf diseases observed were tan spot, leaf rust, and septoria leaf blotch. Significant differences in disease burden, LAI and yield components were observed in the different treatments. Under greenhouse conditions, only tan spot was observed. The results of this study indicated that the application of supplemental irrigation in wheat improved the yield, without increasing the incidence and severity of foliar diseases

First measurement of the BSB_S meson mass

If simplified, every information retrieval problem can be solved when the information need implied by its expression has been identified. We are interested in the criteria used in realising a good information retrieval problem expression. We have listed these criteria through some principles and maxims which first characterized the communication between two persons are applied. We choose to use the gricean maxims because they are the most favoured for this type of situation. Secondly, we have tried to identify some others principles that can be used to realise a good information retrieval problem expression. The principles by Grice can not resolve all forms of error associated with this particular form of communication. In our work, we defined three other principles namely: adhesion principle, reformulation principle, memorization principle. We give some examples of situations where the principles we have formulated are not applicable and the consequences. We present the possible applications of our new model: MIRABEL, which can help in the description of information retrieval problem from. It also compels its user to use essential good expression principle implicitly

Premières nidifications du Guêpier d'Europe (Merops apiaster) dans le Canton de Vaud et problématique de conservation du site

The first breeding records of the Bee-eater in canton de Vaud was recorded in a temporarily disused gravel-pit in the Venoge valley (W Switzerland). In 1996 the reproduction of a single pair failed after the eclosion of the chicks during a long period of uninterrupted rain. In 1997, probably the same pair returned and raised 3 fledglings. In 1998, 4 pairs bred raising 20 feldglings. The site is particularly rich with insects and birds: 12 bird species of the red data list breed in the site and surrounding area. However, it is threatened by state project: the gravel-pit is planned to be filled in the coming years. Its future management in relation to the preservation of the Bee-eater and the other bird species on the red data list is presented and discussed

Germination and infection of Phakopsora pachyrhizi under simulated environment of the central area of Santa Fe, Argentina

Soybean asian rust (SAR) caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi was confirmed in Argentina for the first time during the 2002-2003 growing season. Then, the disease spread to the Northern and Eastern provinces, reaching the central area of Santa Fe, which is one of the main agricultural areas of the country. However, the disease has been usually detected at the end of the growing season (late March to early April), causing little or no impact on grain and seeds production. The objectives of this study were: i) characterize, molecularly and morphologically, the isolates of P. pachyrhizi from this area; ii) evaluate the effect of two environmental combinations (a typical for the region and other optimal as a control) on the germination of urediniospores in laboratory conditions; and iii) assess the infecting capacity of the inoculum obtained and the disease progress promoted under greenhouse conditions. Morphologic, molecular and pathometric characteristics of uredinia and urediniospores allowed verifying P. pachyrhizi identity. Uredospores exposed to daily temperatures ranging from 35 to 25°C, combined with a photoperiod and humidity conditions similar to those typical of the central area of Santa Fe during the crop cycle, decreased germination and appressoria formation and, consequently, SAR symptoms and uredinia production. These biological and epidemiological features would explain the erratic occurrence of SAR in the central producing area of Santa Fe, Argentina. Therefore, these could be used as references to design crop management strategies aimed at decreasing disease impact in other production areasLa roya asiática de la soja (RAS) causado por el hongo Phakopsora pachyrhizi fue citado por primera vez en Argentina durante la campaña 2002-2003. Luego la enfermedad se diseminó a las provincias del norte del país y la región centro norte de Santa Fe. RAS ocurre usualmente al final del período reproductivo del cultivo (finales de marzo hasta principios de abril) causando poco o ningún impacto sobre la producción de granos y semillas. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: i) caracterizar molecular y morfológicamente los aislamientos de P. pachyrhizi del área central de Santa Fe, ii) evaluar el efecto de dos combinaciones ambientales (una típica de la región y otra óptima como control) sobre la germinación de las urediniosporas en laboratorio; y iii) evaluar la capacidad infectiva del inóculo obtenido y el progreso de la enfermedad generado bajo condiciones de invernadero. La caracterización molecular y morfológica de uredinios y urediniosporas permitieron verificar la identidad de P. pachyrhizi. Las esporas expuestas al rango térmico diario 35/25°C con fotoperíodo y humedad similares a las condiciones típicas del centro de Santa Fe, disminuyeron la germinación y formación de apresorios y, en consecuencia, la aparición de síntomas y producción de uredinios de RAS. Los resultados biológicos y epidemiológicos obtenidos podrían explicar la baja frecuencia de ocurrencia de RAS en la región central de Santa Fe, Argentina, y pueden ser tomados como referencia al diseñar estrategias de manejo de cultivo orientadas a minimizar el impacto de la enfermedad en otras áreas productivas.EEA PergaminoFil: Maumary, Roxana L. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Pioli, Rossana N. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Amsler, Alicia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Ivancovich, Antonio Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; Argentin