Jamming in Granular Polymers

We examine the jamming transition in a two-dimensional granular polymer system using compressional simulations. The jamming density \phi_c decreases with increasing length of the granular chain due to the formation of loop structures, in excellent agreement with recent experiments. The jamming density can be further reduced in mixtures of granular chains and granular rings, also as observed in experiment. We show that the nature of the jamming in granular polymer systems has pronounced differences from the jamming behavior observed for polydisperse two-dimensional disk systems at Point J. This result provides further evidence that there is more than one type of jamming transition.Comment: 5 pages, 7 postscript figures, version to appear in PR

Structure of the lexico-semantic field of emotive vocabulary in psychologicaly deprived junior schoolchildren

Social orphanhood has a negative impact on the entire process of psychological development of children. Children without parental care are less prepared to organize and establish social relationships, have a low status in the system of interpersonal relations, and demonstrate aggression and inability to take socially competent decisions in acute situations. Social orphanhood should be considered as an object of interdisciplinary research, one of the important aspects of which is the psycho-pedagogical aspect allowing pedagogues to consider its consequences for speech development and social adaptation.В статье рассматривается проблема речевого развития детей младшего школьного возраста с психической депривацией

MLQE-PE : a multilingual quality estimation and post-editing dataset

We present MLQE-PE, a new dataset for Machine Translation (MT) Quality Estimation (QE) and Automatic Post-Editing (APE). The dataset contains seven language pairs, with human labels for 9,000 translations per language pair in the following formats: sentence-level direct assessments and post-editing effort, and word-level good/bad labels. It also contains the post-edited sentences, as well as titles of the articles where the sentences were extracted from, and the neural MT models used to translate the text

MLQE-PE : a multilingual quality estimation and post-editing dataset

We present MLQE-PE, a new dataset for Machine Translation (MT) Quality Estimation (QE) and Automatic Post-Editing (APE). The dataset contains seven language pairs, with human labels for 9,000 translations per language pair in the following formats: sentence-level direct assessments and post-editing effort, and word-level good/bad labels. It also contains the post-edited sentences, as well as titles of the articles where the sentences were extracted from, and the neural MT models used to translate the text

Role of foreign language teacher shaping students’ research skills

© 2015 Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved. Nowadays many foreign language teachers are not enough aware about the significance of the research component within their profile discipline, arguing that students even in their native language do not have enough use of fundamentals in their scientific professional activities. Therefore, this article is aimed to study the role of foreign language teacher when mastering students’ research skills in the process of learning English as a foreign language. The study results have confirmed that process of mastering students’ research skills when learning foreign language is directly connected with their teacher’s own research skill level. These article materials have practical value both for foreign language teachers and for students enrolled for foreign languages programs of education sciences faculties at high schools

Роль окситоцина в защитной функции сердечно-сосудистой системы

Oxytocin is synthesized in endothelial cells of the cardiovascular system and exerts its effects by oxytocin receptors. The effect of oxytocin on vascular tone, blood pressure, vascular growth and remodeling, as well as participation in cardiovascular regulation has been proven. The positive effect of oxytocin on infarct size and recovery of contractile function in reperfusion is well studied. It should be noted that the mechanisms of this cardioprotective effect have not yet been studied. Research evidence suggests that oxytocin therapy significantly improves cardiac function, reduces inflammation and apoptosis, and improves scar vascularization. Oxytocin stimulates the transformation of stem cells into clones of cardiomyocytes. Oxytocin promotes angiogenesis by stimulating the formation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Increased consumption of glucose by cardiomyocytes, inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and a decrease in oxidative stress are the reasons for the positive effects of oxytocin. Oxytocin reduces inflammation, improves cardiovascular and metabolic function. This is the manifestation of the cardioprotective effect of oxytocin. Potential treatment of cardiovascular diseases with oxytocin is possible due to the pleiotropic nature of oxytocin effects. This review indicates the likely mechanisms of oxytocin action at the cellular level that are involved in cardioprotection.рецепторами. Доказано воздействие окситоцина на тонус сосудистой стенки, артериальное давление, рост и ремоделирование сосудов, а также участие в сердечно-сосудистой регуляции. Хорошо изучено благоприятное влияние окситоцина на размер инфаркта и сократительную функцию сердца при реперфузии. Механизмы этой кардиопротекции окончательно не определены. Опубликованные данные показывают, что лечение окситоцином улучшает работу сердца, уменьшает апоптоз и воспаление и увеличивает васкуляризацию рубцов. Окситоцин стимулирует дифференцировку стволовых клеток в клоны кардиомиоцитов, а также образование эндотелиальных и гладкомышечных клеток, что в свою очередь способствует ангиогенезу. Благоприятное действие окситоцина может включать увеличение поглощения глюкозы кардиомиоцитами, снижение гипертрофии кардиомиоцитов и окислительного стресса. Окситоцин обладает кардиозащитным действием, которое проявляется в уменьшении воспалительной реакции и улучшении сердечно-сосудистой и метаболической функций. Из-за плейотропной природы эффектов окситоцина последний демонстрирует потенциал в лечении заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы. В данном обзоре описаны возможные внутриклеточные механизмы действия окситоцина, участвующие в кардиопротекции

Bacterial diversity in snow on North Pole ice floes

The microbial abundance and diversity in snow on ice floes at three sites near the North Pole was assessed using quantitative PCR and 454 pyrosequencing. Abundance of 16S rRNA genes in the samples ranged between 43 and 248 gene copies per millilitre of melted snow. A total of 291,331 sequences were obtained through 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes, resulting in 984 OTUs at 97 % identity. Two sites were dominated by Cyanobacteria (72 and 61 %, respectively), including chloroplasts. The third site differed by consisting of 95 % Proteobacteria. Principal component analysis showed that the three sites clustered together when compared to the underlying environments of sea ice and ocean water. The Shannon indices ranged from 2.226 to 3.758, and the Chao1 indices showed species richness between 293 and 353 for the three samples. The relatively low abundances and diversity found in the samples indicate a lower rate of microbial input to this snow habitat compared to snow in the proximity of terrestrial and anthropogenic sources of microorganisms. The differences in species composition and diversity between the sites show that apparently similar snow habitats contain a large variation in biodiversity, although the differences were smaller than the differences to the underlying environment. The results support the idea that a globally distributed community exists in snow and that the global snow community can in part be attributed to microbial input from the atmosphere. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00792-014-0660-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users