144 research outputs found
Magnetically Levitated Autoparametric Broadband Vibration Energy Harvesting
Some of the lingering challenges within the current paradigm of vibration energy harvesting (VEH) involve narrow operational frequency range and the inevitable non-resonant response from broadband noise excitations. Such VEHs are only suitable for limited applications with fixed sinusoidal vibration, and fail to capture a large spectrum of the real world vibration. Various arraying designs, frequency tuning schemes and nonlinear vibratory approaches have only yielded modest enhancements. To fundamentally address this, the paper proposes and explores the potentials in using highly nonlinear magnetic spring force to activate an autoparametric oscillator, in order to realize an inherently broadband resonant system. Analytical and numerical modelling illustrate that high spring nonlinearity derived from magnetic levitation helps to promote the 2:1 internal frequency matching required to activate parametric resonance. At the right internal parameters, the resulting system can intrinsically exhibit semi-resonant response regardless of the bandwidth of the input vibration, including broadband white noise excitation
Rotary bistable and Parametrically Excited Vibration Energy Harvesting
Parametric resonance is a type of nonlinear vibration phenomenon [1], [2] induced from the periodic modulation of at least one of the system parameters and has the potential to exhibit interesting higher order nonlinear behaviour [3]. Parametrically excited vibration energy harvesters have been previously shown to enhance both the power amplitude [4] and the frequency bandwidth [5] when compared to the conventional direct resonant approach. However, to practically activate the more profitable regions of parametric resonance, additional design mechanisms [6], [7] are required to overcome a critical initiation threshold amplitude. One route is to establish an autoparametric system where external direct excitation is internally coupled to parametric excitation [8]. For a coupled two degrees of freedom (DoF) oscillatory system, principal autoparametric resonance can be achieved when the natural frequency of the first DoF f1 is twice that of the second DoF f2 and the external excitation is in the vicinity of f1. This paper looks at combining rotary and translatory motion and use autoparametric resonance phenomena
Finite-Size Scaling and Universality in the Spin 1 Quantum XY Chain
The spin-1 XY chain in a transverse field is studied using finite-size
scaling. The ground state phase diagram displays a paramagnetic, an ordered
ferromagnetic and an ordered oscillatory phase. The paramagnetic-ferromagnetic
transition line belongs to the universality class of the 2D Ising model. Along
this line, universality is confirmed for the finite-size scaling functions of
several correlation lengths and for the conformal operator content.Comment: Latex 8 pages, 2 uucompressed figure
Synthetic and Real Inputs for Tool Segmentation in Robotic Surgery
Semantic tool segmentation in surgical videos is important for surgical scene
understanding and computer-assisted interventions as well as for the
development of robotic automation. The problem is challenging because different
illumination conditions, bleeding, smoke and occlusions can reduce algorithm
robustness. At present labelled data for training deep learning models is still
lacking for semantic surgical instrument segmentation and in this paper we show
that it may be possible to use robot kinematic data coupled with laparoscopic
images to alleviate the labelling problem. We propose a new deep learning based
model for parallel processing of both laparoscopic and simulation images for
robust segmentation of surgical tools. Due to the lack of laparoscopic frames
annotated with both segmentation ground truth and kinematic information a new
custom dataset was generated using the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) and is made
available
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Evaluation of time-resolved whole brain flat panel detector perfusion imaging using RAPID ANGIO in patients with acute stroke: comparison with CT perfusion imaging.
BACKGROUND
In contrast to conventional CT perfusion (CTP) imaging, flat panel detector CT perfusion (FD-CTP) imaging can be acquired directly in the angiosuite.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate time-resolved whole brain FD-CTP imaging and assess clinically important qualitative and quantitative perfusion parameters in correlation with previously acquired conventional CTP using the new RAPID for ANGIO software.
METHODS
We included patients with internal carotid artery occlusions and M1 or M2 occlusions from six centers. All patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with preinterventional conventional CTP and FD-CTP imaging. Quantitative performance was determined by comparing volumes of infarct core, penumbral tissue, and mismatch. Eligibility for MT according to the perfusion imaging criteria of DEFUSE 3 was determined for each case from both conventional CTP and FD-CTP imaging.
RESULTS
A total of 20 patients were included in the final analysis. Conventional relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) 6 s versus FD-CTP Tmax >6 s and CTP mismatch versus FD-CTP mismatch showed more variability (R2=0.57, and R2=0.33, respectively). Based on FD-CTP, 16/20 (80%) patients met the inclusion criteria for MT according to the DEFUSE 3 perfusion criteria, in contrast to 18/20 (90%) patients based on conventional CTP. The vessel occlusion could be correctly extrapolated from the hypoperfusion in 18/20 cases (90%).
CONCLUSIONS
In our multicenter study, time-resolved whole brain FD-CTP was technically feasible, and qualitative and quantitative perfusion results correlated with those obtained with conventional CTP
Dynamical structure factor of the anisotropic Heisenberg chain in a transverse field
We consider the anisotropic Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain in a transverse
magnetic field at zero temperature. We first determine all components of the
dynamical structure factor by combining exact results with a mean-field
approximation recently proposed by Dmitriev {\it et al}., JETP 95, 538 (2002).
We then turn to the small anisotropy limit, in which we use field theory
methods to obtain exact results. We discuss the relevance of our results to
Neutron scattering experiments on the 1D Heisenberg chain compound .Comment: 13 pages, 14 figure
Quantum Discord and entropic measures of quantum correlations: Optimization and behavior in finite spin chains
We discuss a generalization of the conditional entropy and one-way
information deficit in quantum systems, based on general entropic forms. The
formalism allows to consider simple entropic forms for which a closed
evaluation of the associated optimization problem in qudit-qubit systems is
shown to become feasible, allowing to approximate that of the quantum discord.
As application, we examine quantum correlations of spin pairs in the exact
ground state of finite spin chains in a magnetic field through the quantum
discord and information deficit. While these quantities show a similar
behavior, their optimizing measurements exhibit significant differences, which
can be understood and predicted through the previous approximations. The
remarkable behavior of these quantities in the vicinity of transverse and
non-transverse factorizing fields is also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
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