Tracing the early development of harmful algal blooms with the aid of Lagrangian coherent structures

Several theories have been proposed to explain the development of harmful algal blooms (HABs) produced by the toxic dinoflagellate \emph{Karenia brevis} on the West Florida Shelf. However, because the early stages of HAB development are usually not detected, these theories have been so far very difficult to verify. In this paper we employ simulated \emph{Lagrangian coherent structures} (LCSs) to trace the early location of a HAB in late 2004 before it was transported to an area where it could be detected by satellite imagery, and then we make use of a population dynamics model to infer the factors that may have led to its development. The LCSs, which are computed based on a surface flow description provided by an ocean circulation model, delineate past and future histories of boundaries of passively advected fluid domains. The population dynamics model determines nitrogen in two components, nutrients and phytoplankton, which are assumed to be passively advected by the simulated surface currents. Two nearshore nutrient sources are identified for the HAB whose evolution is found to be strongly tied to the simulated LCSs. While one nutrient source can be associated with a coastal upwelling event, the other is seen to be produced by river runoff, which provides support to a theory of HAB development that considers nutrient loading into coastal waters produced by human activities as a critical element. Our results show that the use of simulated LCSs and a population dynamics model can greatly enhance our understanding of the early stages of the development of HABs.Comment: Submitted to JGR-Ocean

THE EXPLORATION OF TONGKAT TUNGGAL PANALUAN AS READING MATERIALS FOR STUDENTS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

The goal of this review is to look into “Exploration of the Folklore Tongkat Tunggal Panaluan” as reading materials for high school students. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method in this study, which aims to describe systematically, actually, and factually using words and sentences. From January to October 2022, the research will be conducted. Interview techniques and data documentations were used to collect data.. Techniques for data analysis that use interactive analysis, such as reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research strategy consists Because of the mystical element in the stick, research from folklore “Tongkat Tunggal Panaluan” was formed, the stick contained the face carvings of seven humans and several animal carvings. The datu-datu typically employs the stick. The stick measures approximately 150-200 cm in lengt

Social Capital and Unseen Inequalities: The Case of Tourism Cluster Dialogue Forum (FRK- Forum Rembuk Klaster)

The aim of this study is to seek how interpersonal relations among the group members are built and to what extent relations between members can bring certain possible inequalities in the long run for local community. It is a qualitative method employing a two-stage research design. The first was distributing questionnaires to gather data on the profile of the members. There were thirty respondents involved for fulfiling the questionnaires. Then, last but not least was in-depth interview aiming to get deeper information on how the members involved in the activity conducted by the local government. The interview was addressed to five active members of the forum. This study found that strong bonding social capital existed within the group and to some extent it could create unseen inequalities to other members of the group because it makes them have less access to experience offered opportunities from facilitating parties. The paper was limited to a rather small dialogue forum and focused on a few active members of the group. This was due to the strong ties happened among these active members. It is expected that local government should provide wider opportunities, especially by facilitating members of the group who have less access to benefit from resources, and ensure to improve their capacity to benefit from the available opportunities not only for certain people. This paper informs everyone interested in developing local community, especially local government or facilitator, that inequalities could happen even though the strong ties among members have existed. This inequality is not necessarily literally known by the disadvantage groups in the short run, but, in the long run, these group could be left behind.     Keywords: social capital, dialogue forum, tourism cluster, local developmen

Virtual Assistants for End-User Development in the Internet of Things

The spread of Virtual Assistants (software and hardware) on the consumer market deeply changed the way Internet of Things (IoT) is implemented and used today. Such devices, and related applications, are becoming more and more integrated within smart environments and this might pave the way to potential new approaches to End-User Development activities, which can be performed in IoT environments. This paper discusses the evolution of the IoT ecosystem definition that has been studied by the authors in the last years

Link Invariants of Finite Type and Perturbation Theory

The Vassiliev-Gusarov link invariants of finite type are known to be closely related to perturbation theory for Chern-Simons theory. In order to clarify the perturbative nature of such link invariants, we introduce an algebra V_infinity containing elements g_i satisfying the usual braid group relations and elements a_i satisfying g_i - g_i^{-1} = epsilon a_i, where epsilon is a formal variable that may be regarded as measuring the failure of g_i^2 to equal 1. Topologically, the elements a_i signify crossings. We show that a large class of link invariants of finite type are in one-to-one correspondence with homogeneous Markov traces on V_infinity. We sketch a possible application of link invariants of finite type to a manifestly diffeomorphism-invariant perturbation theory for quantum gravity in the loop representation.Comment: 11 page

The Statistical Mechanics of Horizons and Black Hole Thermodynamics

Although we know that black holes are characterized by a temperature and an entropy, we do not yet have a satisfactory microscopic ``statistical mechanical'' explanation for black hole thermodynamics. I describe a new approach that attributes the thermodynamic properties to ``would-be gauge'' degrees of freedom that become dynamical on the horizon. For the (2+1)-dimensional black hole, this approach gives the correct entropy. (Talk given at the Pacific Conference on Gravitation and Cosmology, Seoul, February 1996.)Comment: 11 pages, LaTe

PENYULUHAN TENTANG KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN BBLR

Bayi berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) adalah bayi dengan berat badan lahirnya kurang 2500gr tanpa memandang masa kehamilan. Berat badan lahir adalah berat badan yang ditimbang dalam 1 jam setelah bayi lahir. Bayi berat lahir rendah terjadi karena kehamilan prematur, bayi kecil masa kehamilan dan kombinasi keduanya. Bayi kurang bulan adalah bayi yang lahir sebelum umur kehamilan mencapai 37 minggu. Tujuan penyuluhan ini untuk mengetahui kebutuhan perawatan yang di butuhkan oleh Bayi dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR). Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan serangkaian tahap antara lain dengan penyuluhan/edukasi. Memberikan materi berupa pengertian BBLR, faktor penyebab dan perawatan BBLR. Hasil yang dicapai setelah mengikuti penyuluhan dan diskusi masyarakat Kelurahan Tanjung Gusta mengetahui tentang perawatan bayi BBLR

Optimal Design of Robust Combinatorial Mechanisms for Substitutable Goods

In this paper we consider multidimensional mechanism design problem for selling discrete substitutable items to a group of buyers. Previous work on this problem mostly focus on stochastic description of valuations used by the seller. However, in certain applications, no prior information regarding buyers' preferences is known. To address this issue, we consider uncertain valuations and formulate the problem in a robust optimization framework: the objective is to minimize the maximum regret. For a special case of revenue-maximizing pricing problem we present a solution method based on mixed-integer linear programming formulation