Transmission measurement at 10.6 microns of Te2As3Se5 rib-waveguides on As2S3 substrate

The feasibility of chalcogenide rib waveguides working at lambda = 10.6 microns has been demonstrated. The waveguides comprised a several microns thick Te2As3Se5 film deposited by thermal evaporation on a polished As2S3 glass substrate and further etched by physical etching in Ar or CF4/O2 atmosphere. Output images at 10.6 microns and some propagation losses roughly estimated at 10dB/cm proved that the obtained structures behaved as channel waveguides with a good lateral confinement of the light. The work opens the doors to the realisation of components able to work in the mid and thermal infrared up to 20 microns and even more.Comment: The following article appeared in Vigreux-Bercovici et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011110 (2007) and may be found at http://link.aip.org/link/?apl/90/01111

Non-functional immunoglobulin G transcripts in a case of hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome similar to type 4

86% of immunoglobulin G (IgG) heavy-chain gene transcripts were found to be non-functional in the peripheral blood B cells of a patient initially diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency, who later developed raised IgM, whereas no non-functionally rearranged transcripts were found in the cells of seven healthy control subjects. All the patient's IgM heavy-chain and κ light-chain transcripts were functional, suggesting that either non-functional rearrangements were being selectively class-switched to IgG, or that receptor editing was rendering genes non-functional after class-switching. The functional γ-chain sequences showed a normal rate of somatic hypermutation while non-functional sequences contained few somatic mutations, suggesting that most came from cells that had no functional gene and therefore were not receiving signals for hypermutation. However, apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was not impaired. No defects have been found in any of the genes currently known to be responsible for hyper-IgM syndrome but the phenotype fits best to type 4

Cytotoxics compounded sterile preparation control by HPLC during a 16-month assessment in a French university hospital: importance of the mixing bags step

The Centralized Chemotherapy Reconstitution Unit (CCRU) of Paul Brousse Hospital Pharmacy Department assessed the reliability of its Cytotoxics Compounded Sterile Products (CCSP) preparation method in order to improve its CCSP quality assurance system. Five cytotoxic drugs — gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, paclitaxel, and oxaliplatin — were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine CCSP concentration. During the observation period, 23,892 CCSP were prepared. Overall, 12,964 preparations contained one of the five analyzed drugs; 7382 (56.9%) out of 12,964 CCSP were analyzed by HPLC; 646 (8.8%) out of 7382 concentrations were outside ± 20% of the prescribed dose; 544 (84.2%) out of 646 were post-administration results and could not be verified. Out of 102 (15.8%) pre-administration results that were re-tested after re-shaking, 94 (92.2%) were found to be acceptable upon re-testing, and 8 (7.8%) were confirmed to be unacceptable and needed to be re-compounded. The 8.8% of tested CCSP were outside ± 20% of the prescribed dose, but extrapolating the results on re-tested CCSP, we can say that our CCSP preparation is reliable with an estimation of only 0.7% of 7382 CCSP analyzed, confirmed as being ± 20% outside the prescribed dose. Nevertheless, this ± 20% magnitude of error should be reduced. Based on pre-administration results, the primary cause of concentration errors appeared to be insufficient mixing of the finished product. Most CCSP dosages occurred after it had been administered, the organization should, therefore, be improved to include testing all CCSP prior to administration. Pharmaceutical companies should endeavor to manufacture compounded injectible drugs in a ‘ready to use’ form and provide vehicles in accurate volumes in order to improve compounding precision

Photometric quality of Dome C for the winter 2008 from ASTEP South

ASTEP South is an Antarctic Search for Transiting Exo- Planets in the South pole field, from the Concordia station, Dome C, Antarctica. The instrument consists of a thermalized 10 cm refractor observing a fixed 3.88\degree x 3.88\degree field of view to perform photometry of several thousand stars at visible wavelengths (700-900 nm). The first winter campaign in 2008 led to the retrieval of nearly 1600 hours of data. We derive the fraction of photometric nights by measuring the number of detectable stars in the field. The method is sensitive to the presence of small cirrus clouds which are invisible to the naked eye. The fraction of night-time for which at least 50% of the stars are detected is 74% from June to September 2008. Most of the lost time (18.5% out of 26%) is due to periods of bad weather conditions lasting for a few days ("white outs"). Extended periods of clear weather exist. For example, between July 10 and August 10, 2008, the total fraction of time (day+night) for which photometric observations were possible was 60%. This confirms the very high quality of Dome C for nearly continuous photometric observations during the Antarctic winter

Les femmes au Sénat

Si la sous-présence des femmes est un phénomène qui touche tous les domaines de la sphère politique française, c’est au Sénat qu’elle est la plus flagrante. Certes, la part des femmes élues députées est proche de celle des femmes élues sénatrices puisqu’en 1958, elles représentaient 1,6 % des élus à l’Assemblée nationale et 1,9 % au Sénat. Trente ans plus tard, 5,9 % des élus à l’Hémicycle en 1993 sont des femmes, contre 5 % aux élections sénatoriales de 1992. Pourtant, il existe une différen..

One Size Does Not Fit All: A Multifaceted Approach to Educate Families About Newborn Screening

All families deserve access to readily available, accurate, and relevant information to help them navigate the newborn screening system. Current practices, limited resources, and a siloed newborn screening system create numerous challenges for both providers and families to implement educational opportunities to engage families in ways that meet their needs with relevant and meaningful approaches. Engaging families in newborn screening, especially those from historically underserved communities, is necessary to increase knowledge and confidence which leads to overall improved outcomes for families. This article describes three strategies that the Navigate Newborn Screening Program developed, tested, and implemented in the United States, including online learning modules, a prenatal education pilot program, and social media awareness campaign, as well as the extent to which they were successful in reaching and educating families about newborn screening. Using quality improvement methods and evidence-driven approaches, each of these three strategies demonstrate promising practices for advancing awareness, knowledge, and self-efficacy for families navigating the newborn screening system—particularly families in medically underserved and underrepresented communities. A model for bidirectional engagement of families is outlined to support scaling and implementing promising educational efforts for both providers and families in the newborn screening system

Formation of convective cells in the scrape-off layer of the CASTOR tokamak

Understanding of the scrape-off layer (SOL) physics in tokamaks requires diagnostics with sufficient temporal and spatial resolution. This contribution describes results of experiments performed in the SOL of the CASTOR tokamak (R=40 cm, a = 6 cm) by means of a ring of 124 Langmuir probes surrounding the whole poloidal cross section. The individual probes measure either the ion saturation current of the floating potential with the spatial resolution up to 3 mm. Experiments are performed in a particular magnetic configuration, characterized by a long parallel connection length in the SOL, L_par ~q2piR. We report on measurements in discharges, where the edge electric field is modified by inserting a biased electrode into the edge plasma. In particular, a complex picture is observed, if the biased electrode is located inside the SOL. The poloidal distribution of the floating potential appears to be strongly non-uniform at biasing. The peaks of potential are observed at particular poloidal angles. This is interpreted as formation of a biased flux tube, which emanates from the electrode along the magnetic field lines and snakes q times around the torus. The resulting electric field in the SOL is 2-dimensional, having the radial as well as the poloidal component. It is demonstrated that the poloidal electric field E_pol convects the edge plasma radially due to the E_pol x B_T drift either inward or outward depending on its sign. The convective particle flux is by two orders of magnitude larger than the fluctuation-induced one and consequently dominates.Comment: 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004, Nice (France