Intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin among Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates in Lima, Peru31096

Thirty-three Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi blood isolates from Lima, Peru (2008 to 2012), were fully susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline; 8/33 (24.2%) showed intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin carrying mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene (Ser83-Phe and Asp87-Asn) and in the gyrB gene (Ser464-Phe)</p

Protección contra la radiación solar en trabajadores de empresas peruanas: Prácticas y cuidado personal, 2016

Hoy en día la radiación solar ha mostrado niveles extremos en diferentes ciudades peruanas, es importante medir el cuidado de las poblaciones expuestas a esta condición. OBJETIVO: Determinar las prácticas y el cuidado personal de la protección contra la radiación solar que tienen los trabajadores en las empresas peruanas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio analítico transversal realizado en 14 ciudades de Perú en 2016, que preguntaba sobre la atención que los trabajadores tienen contra la exposición solar, las preguntas se tomaron de una encuesta validada anterior. Además, se le preguntó sobre las medidas de protección que se dieron en su centro de trabajo, las diferencias por tipo de trabajador y el conocimiento de los temas relevantes. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 4299 sujetos que tuvieron exposición solar mientras trabajaban, 68% (2921) eran hombres, la mediana de edad fue de 31 años. Según el tipo de trabajo realizado, hubo una gran diferencia según la exposición indirecta (p <0,001), la exposición directa (p <0,001) y los años de exposición directa del trabajo (p <0,001). Más de la mitad usaron implementos de protección contra la radiación solar, en la gran mayoría fueron adquiridos por el mismo trabajador (rango entre 53-71%) y no se les dio la capacidad para el uso de estos implementos. La principal fuente de información fue internet (59%) y el 84% de los trabajadores encuestados no sabía de la existencia de la ley reguladora. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe una gran cantidad de trabajadores que no cuentan con una protección solar adecuada, lo cual es una preocupación de salud ocupacional que podría generar repercusiones en el largo plazo. © 2018 Comunicaciones Científicas Mexicanas SA de CV

Multidrug-resistant microorganisms colonizing lower extremity wounds in patients in a tertiary care hospital, Lima, Peru

Multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections cause high morbidity and mortality, and high costs to patients and hospitals. The study aims were to determine the frequency of MDRO colonization and associated factors in patients with lower-extremity wounds with colonization. A cross-sectional study was designed during November 2015 to July 2016 in a tertiary care hospital in Lima, Peru. A wound swab was obtained for culture and susceptibility testing. MDRO colonization was defined if the culture grew with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and/or extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) microorganisms. The frequency of MDRO wound colonization was 26.8% among the 97 patients enrolled. The most frequent MDRO obtained was ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, which was significantly more frequent in chronic wounds versus acute wounds (17.2% versus 0%, P \u3c 0.05). Infection control measures should be implemented when patients with chronic lower-extremity wounds are admitted

Draft genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis strain SPE101, isolated from a chronic human infection

We report a 4.99-Mb draft genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis strain SPE101, isolated from feces of a 5-month-old breast-fed female showing diarrhea associated with severe dehydration and malnutrition. The infection prolonged for 6 months despite antibiotic treatment.Fil: Iriarte, Andrés. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Giner Lamia, Joaquín. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Silva, Claudia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología; MéxicoFil: Betancor, Laura. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Astocondor, Lizeth. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Cestero, Juan J.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Ochoa, Theresa. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: García, Coralith. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Puente, José L.. Universidad de la República; Uruguay. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología; MéxicoFil: Chabalgoity Rodríguez, José Alejandro. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: García del Portillo, Francisco. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Soncini, Fernando Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Vescovi, Eleonora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Soleto, Lorena. Cenetrop; BoliviaFil: Flores, Griselda. Cenetrop; BoliviaFil: Pedraza, José. Cenetrop; BoliviaFil: Yim, Lucia. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Hinostroza, Noemí. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Pucciarelli, M. Graciela. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Españ

PCR typing of representative blood isolates from Lima hospitals using different gene markers.

<p>A) The <i>gyrA-</i>IS200-<i>rcsC</i> amplification distinguishes serovar Typhi from other serovars. B) and C) The <i>spvC</i> and <i>spvRA</i> markers detect the virulence plasmid (pSV). D) <i>traC</i> is a marker for the megaplasmid of Infantis (pESI). E) Plasmid profiles of the same strains. The asterisks below the bands in the plasmid profiles indicate the plasmid suspected to be the pSV. Tm, Typhimurium; E, Enteritidis; Ch, Choleraesuis; Ty, Typhi; PA, Paratyphi A; PB, Paratyphi B; and I, Infantis.</p

Characterization of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> isolates causing bacteremia in Lima, Peru.

<p>Characterization of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> isolates causing bacteremia in Lima, Peru.</p

Characterization of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> isolates causing bacteremia in Lima, Peru, using multiple typing methods

<div><p>In this study, different molecular typing tools were applied to characterize 95 <i>Salmonella enterica</i> blood isolates collected between 2008 and 2013 from patients at nine public hospitals in Lima, Peru. Combined results of multiplex PCR serotyping, two- and seven-loci multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes, serotyping, IS200 amplification and RAPD fingerprints, showed that these infections were caused by eight different serovars: Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Typhi, Choleraesuis, Dublin, Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B and Infantis. Among these, Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Typhi were the most prevalent, representing 45, 36 and 11% of the isolates, respectively. Most isolates (74%) were not resistant to ten primarily used antimicrobial drugs; however, 37% of the strains showed intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (ISC). Antimicrobial resistance integrons were carried by one Dublin (<i>dfra1</i> and <i>aadA1</i>) and two Infantis (<i>aadA1</i>) isolates. The two Infantis isolates were multidrug resistant and harbored a large megaplasmid. Amplification of <i>spvC</i> and <i>spvRA</i> regions showed that all Enteritidis (n = 42), Typhimurium (n = 34), Choleraesuis (n = 3) and Dublin (n = 1) isolates carried the <i>Salmonella</i> virulence plasmid (pSV). We conclude that the classic serotyping method can be substituted by the multiplex PCR and, when necessary, sequencing of only one or two loci of the MLST scheme is a valuable tool to confirm the results. The effectiveness and feasibility of different typing tools is discussed.</p></div

Multilocus sequence typing of 18 selected <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from Lima, Peru^*.

<p>Multilocus sequence typing of 18 selected <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from Lima, Peru^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0189946#t002fn001" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p

Microalgae community of the Huaytire wetland, an Andean high-altitude wetland in Peru

AIM: The diversity and distribution of microalgae communities in a high-altitude (3,000 to 4,500 m a.s.l) Andean wetland, regionally known as bofedal, were examined to assess seasonal and spatial patterns. METHODS: Samples were taken monthly from June to December, 2008 at 13 stations in the Huaytire wetland (16° 54&#8217; S and 70° 20&#8217; W), covering three areas (impacted by urban land use, impacted by camelid pasture, and non-impacted) and three climatologically induced periods (ice-covered, ice-melt and ice-free). RESULTS: A total of 52 genera of algae were recorded. Diatoms were the predominant group in abundance and richness. We found a significantly higher abundance during the ice-melting period, when light exposure and runoff were intermediate, in comparison to the ice-covered (low light and flushing) and ice-free (high light and low runoff) periods. Microalgae abundance was significantly lower in the non-impacted area compared to the sites close to the urban area and to the camelid pastures. Alpha diversity ranged from 8 to 29 genera per sample. High genera exchange was observed throughout the wetland, showing a similar floristic composition (beta diversity = 4%). CONCLUSIONS: We found that diatoms were dominant and adapted to the extreme conditions of the Andean wetland, showing higher abundance during the ice-melt period and in the livestock area. Also, taxa richness was higher in the ice-melt period and in the most-impacted areas