Efektifitas Pengajaran Kosakata Bahasa Tionghoa melalui Permainan di Kursus Bahasa Tionghoa Elyon

Penggunaan bahasa Tionghoa sebagai bahasa kedua saat ini semakin meningkat. Pada pengajaran bahasa Tionghoa khususnya pengajaran kosa kata, salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan oleh pengajar bahasa Tionghoa adalah dengan menggunakan metode permainan. Saat ini masih banyak pengajar bahasa Tionghoa yang menggunakan metode pengajaran tradisional. Oleh sebab itu, penulis melakukan penelitian mengenai efektifitas pengajaran dengan permainan dalam pengajaran kosakata bahasa Tionghoa di kursus bahasa Tionghoa Elyon. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah desain pengukuran berulang dengan penyajian data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan t-test. Subjek penelitian ini ialah siswa-siswi kelas 3 dan pengajar bahasa Tionghoa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pengajaran kosakata bahasa Tionghoa dengan permainan lebih efektif bagi siswa dalam belajar bahasa Tionghoa. Dan metode pengajaran dengan permainan ini juga dapat mengembangkan kreativitas bagi pengajar bahasa Tionghoa

Physics-Informed Machine Learning of Dynamical Systems for Efficient Bayesian Inference

Although the no-u-turn sampler (NUTS) is a widely adopted method for performing Bayesian inference, it requires numerous posterior gradients which can be expensive to compute in practice. Recently, there has been a significant interest in physics-based machine learning of dynamical (or Hamiltonian) systems and Hamiltonian neural networks (HNNs) is a noteworthy architecture. But these types of architectures have not been applied to solve Bayesian inference problems efficiently. We propose the use of HNNs for performing Bayesian inference efficiently without requiring numerous posterior gradients. We introduce latent variable outputs to HNNs (L-HNNs) for improved expressivity and reduced integration errors. We integrate L-HNNs in NUTS and further propose an online error monitoring scheme to prevent sampling degeneracy in regions where L-HNNs may have little training data. We demonstrate L-HNNs in NUTS with online error monitoring considering several complex high-dimensional posterior densities and compare its performance to NUTS

Degradation of Carbon Nanotube Array Thermal Interface Materials through Thermal Aging: Effects of Bonding, Array Height, and Catalyst Oxidation

Carbon nanotube (CNT) array thermal interface materials (TIMs) are promising candidates for high-performance applications in terms of thermal performance. However, in order to be useful in commercial applications, the reliability of the interfaces is an equally important parameter, which so far has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the reliability of CNT array TIMs is investigated through accelerated aging. The roles of CNT array height and substrate configuration are studied for their relative impact on thermal resistance degradation. After aging, the CNT catalyst is analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to evaluate chemical changes. The CNT-catalyst bond appears to degrade during aging but not to the extent that the TIM performance is compromised. On the other hand, coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between surfaces creates strain that needs to be absorbed, which requires CNT arrays with sufficient height. Transfer and bonding of both CNT roots and tips also create more reliable interfaces. Crucially, we find that the CNT array height of most previously reported CNT array TIMs is not enough to prevent significant reliability problems

MRI: Acquisition of a High Performance Cluster for the University of Maine Scientific Grid Portal

This project, acquiring a cluster to establish a scientific grid portal in Maine, aims to enable projects requiring large datasets. The work makes available to the wider community results such as widely-used whole-ice sheet models, tools for climate change research, prototype versions of object-based caching system (bundled with MPI-IO implementation developed at Argonne National Lab), the data management system, real-time animations, videos, etc. Additionally, the portal provides the larger community the compute power, storage capacity, and rendering engine to execute very high-resolution models, and receive animations and other visualized information in real time.Broader Impact: The infrastructure enhances understanding of global issues and contributes in the development of educational tools for K-12 students. The scientific grid portal contributes in the dissemination of important scientific discoveries. The portal also provides a show-case for research being performed in the state

The class III ribonucleotide reductase from Neisseria bacilliformis can utilize thioredoxin as a reductant

The class III anaerobic ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) studied to date couple the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxynucleotides with the oxidation of formate to CO[subscript 2]. Here we report the cloning and heterologous expression of the Neisseria bacilliformis class III RNR and show that it can catalyze nucleotide reduction using the ubiquitous thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase/NADPH system. We present a structural model based on a crystal structure of the homologous Thermotoga maritima class III RNR, showing its architecture and the position of conserved residues in the active site. Phylogenetic studies suggest that this form of class III RNR is present in bacteria and archaea that carry out diverse types of anaerobic metabolism.Singapore. Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchNational Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research Fellowship Program (Grant 0645960)United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM29595

Templated Growth of Covalently Bonded Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube Networks Originated from Graphene

A template-assisted method that enables the growth of covalently bonded three-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) originating from graphene at a large scale is demonstrated. Atomic force microscopy-based mechanical tests show that the covalently bonded CNT structure can effectively distribute external loading throughout the network to improve the mechanical strength of the material

γ-Protocadherins regulate neuronal survival but are dispensable for circuit formation in retina

Twenty-two tandemly arranged protocadherin-γ (Pcdh-γ) genes encode transmembrane proteins with distinct cadherin-related extracellular domains and a common intracellular domain. Genetic studies have implicated Pcdh-γ genes in the regulation of neuronal survival and synapse formation. Because mice lacking the Pcdh-γ cluster die perinatally, we generated conditional mutants to analyze roles of Pcdh-γ genes in the development and function of neural circuits. Retina-specific deletion of Pcdh-γs led to accentuation of naturally occurring death of interneurons and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during the first two postnatal weeks. Nonetheless, many neuronal subtypes formed lamina-specific arbors. Blocking apoptosis by deletion of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax showed that even neurons destined to die formed qualitatively and quantitatively appropriate connections. Moreover, electrophysiological analysis indicated that processing of visual information was largely normal in the absence of Pcdh-γ genes. These results suggest that Pcdh-γ genes are dispensable for elaboration of specific connections in retina, but play a primary role in sculpting neuronal populations to appropriate sizes or proportions during the period of naturally occurring cell death

A developmentally regulated translational control pathway establishes the meiotic chromosome segregation pattern

Production of haploid gametes from diploid progenitor cells is mediated by a specialized cell division, meiosis, where two divisions, meiosis I and II, follow a single S phase. Errors in progression from meiosis I to meiosis II lead to aneuploid and polyploid gametes, but the regulatory mechanisms controlling this transition are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the conserved kinase Ime2 regulates the timing and order of the meiotic divisions by controlling translation. Ime2 coordinates translational activation of a cluster of genes at the meiosis I–meiosis II transition, including the critical determinant of the meiotic chromosome segregation pattern CLB3. We further show that Ime2 mediates translational control through the meiosis-specific RNA-binding protein Rim4. Rim4 inhibits translation of CLB3 during meiosis I by interacting with the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of CLB3. At the onset of meiosis II, Ime2 kinase activity rises and triggers a decrease in Rim4 protein levels, thereby alleviating translational repression. Our results elucidate a novel developmentally regulated translational control pathway that establishes the meiotic chromosome segregation pattern.American Cancer Society (Post-doctoral Fellowship)Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research (Post-doctoral Fellowship)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM62207

Static coupling effect of a two-degree-of-freedom direct drive induction motor

Two-degree-of-freedom motors are capable of producing linear, rotary, and helical motion, and thus have widespread applications in special industries. In this study, a new concept- static coupling effect is studied in the two-degree-of-freedom direct-drive induction motor (2DoFDDIM). The proposed approach is based on the image method and the three-dimensional (3D) finite-element method. The image method model is established to analyse its reasons and predict the main effects, which are then verified by the proposed 3D finite-element static coupling model and experiments. The induced voltages and currents are produced in the static part and induced torque or force is obtained, even though the static part is not energised. It is concluded that the static coupling effect increases with the supply frequency and is influenced by the stator winding configuration. Thus, the existence of the static coupling effect is confirmed, which must be taken into account in future optimisation and precise control of the 2DoFDDIM