Labor – Free or Coerced? An Historical Reassessment of Differences and Similarities

Published in Free and Unfree Labour: The Debate Continues, Tom Brass & Marcel van der Linden, eds.https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/book_sections/1218/thumbnail.jp

Livestock to 2020: the next food revolution

A team of researchers from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) collaborated to produce this comprehensive and even-handed attempt at defining the nature, extent, scope, and implications of what they term the "Livestock Revolution” in developing countries. Looking forward to 2020, they argue convincingly that the structural shifts in world agriculture being brought about by shifts in developing-country demand for foods of animal origin will continue and that increasingly global markets have the ability to supply both cereal and animal products in desired quantities without undue price rises. They emphasize, however, that policy decisions taken for the livestock sector of developing countries will determine whether the Livestock Revolution helps or harms the world's poor and malnourished. The report emphasizes the importance of continued investment in both research on and development of animal and feed grain production and processing, and the need for policy action to help small, poor livestock producers become better integrated with commercial livestock marketing and processing. It details a host of requirements in the area of technology development for production and processing of livestock products, potential benefits from new technologies, and critical policy issues for environmental conservation and protection of public health.Environmental protection., Public health, Livestock., Markets., Animal products, Developing countries,

A quenching apparatus for the gaseous products of the solar thermal dissociation of ZnO

Rapid cooling for avoiding the recombination of Zn vapor and O2 derived from the solar thermal dissociation of ZnO is investigated using a thermogravimeter coupled to a quenching apparatus. The ZnO sample, which is placed in a cavity receiver and directly exposed to concentrated solar irradiation, underwent dissociation in the temperature range 1,820-2,050K at a rate monitored by on-line thermogravimetry. The product gases were quenched by water-cooled surfaces and by injection of cold Ar at cooling rates from 20,000 to 120,000K/s, suppressing the formation of ZnO in the gas phase and at the walls. Zinc content of the collected particles downstream varied in the range 40-94% for Ar/Zn(g) dilutions of 170 to 1,50

An Evaluation of Therapeutic Recreation Services Provided for Psychiatric Clients in the State of Texas

The problem with which this study is concerned is the delineation of current practices in therapeutic recreation in psychiatric treatment centers in Texas, The programs of the forty-two hospitals responding to the survey questionnaire were evaluated in terms of the National Therapeutic Recreation Society's "Standards for Therapeutic Recreation in Psychiatric Facilities." It was determined that, while the use of recreation in psychiatric rehabilitation is widespread, many programs are not administratively independent., A close association between recreation and occupational therapy was found. Extensive recreation facilities and activities were reported. Use of community resources was widespread, but follow-up and leisure counseling services were rare. Most personnel had no recreation training. The evaluation showed limited compliance with the standards

Livestock to 2020: The next food revolution

A team of researchers from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) collaborated to produce this comprehensive and even-handed attempt at defining the nature, extent scope, and implications of what they term the "Livestock Revolution" in developing countries. Looking forward to 2020, they argue convincingly that the structural shifts in world agriculture being brought about by shifts in developing country demand for foods of animal origin will continue and that increasingly global markets have the ability to supply both cereal and animal products in desired quantities without undue price rises. Topics of discussion include livestock revolution, recent transformation of livestock food demand; accompanying transformation of livestock supply; projections of future demand and supply to 2020; implications of the livestock revolution for world trade and food prices; nutrition, food security, and poverty alleviation; environmental sustainability; public health, technology needs and prospects; and taking stock and moving forward

Guidelines for initiation of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: similarities and differences across Europe.

Contains fulltext : 80544.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access

A Survey of Ramp and Stair Use among Older Adults

Forty-three community-dwelling adults aged 57 to 95 participated in survey exploring characteristics of ramp use by older ambulant people. Twenty-three respondents said they ascended ramps instead of stairs most of the time, and 14 said they ascended ramps some of the time. Similar numbers were reported for descent. Overall, respondents felt less fatigued, less likely to trip, and more comfortable when using ramps rather than stairs for ascending one level. When descending one level, balance, tripping, and comfort were the strongest determinants of ramp use. Respondents indicated that descent was more problematic, particularly in regard to balance and tripping. The presence of handrails often determined the choice of route. Results from this survey provided the basis for an experiment evaluating the abilities of older people to traverse ramps of various slopes. The ADA Accessibility Guidelines implicitly assume that a ramp accommodates everyone. This study indicates that entrances should have both ramps and stairs.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

The growing place of livestock products in world food in the twenty-first century

This paper attempts to define the nature, extent, scope, and implications of what the authors term the “Livestock Revolution” in developing countries. Looking forward to 2020, they argue that the structural shifts in world agriculture being brought about by shifts in developing-country demand for foods of animal origin will continue and that increasingly global markets have the ability to supply both cereal and animal products in desired quantities with out undue price rises. They emphasize, however, that policy decisions taken for the live stock sector of developing countries will determine whether the Livestock Revolution helps or harms the world's poor and malnourished. (from Foreward by Per Pinstrup-Andersen)Livestock. ,Poor Developing countries. ,Malnutrition. ,Meat industry and trade. ,

Estimating the wake deflection downstream of a wind turbine in different atmospheric stabilities: an LES study

An intentional yaw misalignment of wind turbines is currently discussed as one possibility to increase the overall energy yield of wind farms. The idea behind this control is to decrease wake losses of downstream turbines by altering the wake trajectory of the controlled upwind turbines. For an application of such an operational control, precise knowledge about the inflow wind conditions, the magnitude of wake deflection by a yawed turbine and the propagation of the wake is crucial. The dependency of the wake deflection on the ambient wind conditions as well as the uncertainty of its trajectory are not sufficiently covered in current wind farm control models. In this study we analyze multiple sources that contribute to the uncertainty of the estimation of the wake deflection downstream of yawed wind turbines in different ambient wind conditions. We find that the wake shapes and the magnitude of deflection differ in the three evaluated atmospheric boundary layers of neutral, stable and unstable thermal stability. Uncertainty in the wake deflection estimation increases for smaller temporal averaging intervals. We also consider the choice of the method to define the wake center as a source of uncertainty as it modifies the result. The variance of the wake deflection estimation increases with decreasing atmospheric stability. Control of the wake position in a highly convective environment is therefore not recommended