500 research outputs found

    Caractérisation pathogénique de Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo (Corticiaceae) sur 3 variétés de tomates et effet du milieu de culture sur le potentiel infectieux du champignon

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    La tomate constitue un lĂ©gume de grande consommation en CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Mais, sa productivitĂ© est fortement limitĂ©e par Sclerotium rolfsii l’un des parasites telluriques fongiques les plus contraignants Ă  la culture des solanacĂ©es Ă  travers le pays. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©valuĂ© la croissance mycĂ©lienne et la production de sclĂ©rotes sur diffĂ©rents milieux de culture, d’une part et d’autre part, la sensibilitĂ© de trois variĂ©tĂ©s de tomate Ă  ce champignon en conditions d’inoculations contrĂŽlĂ©es. La croissance mycĂ©lienne de Sclerotium rolfsii et la production de sclĂ©rotes ont Ă©tĂ© apprĂ©ciĂ©es sur cinq milieux Carotte, PDA, PDA+Sol, Tige de tomate et Petits pois dans trois conditions d’incubation : ObscuritĂ© continue, LuminositĂ© continue et PhotopĂ©riode 12 h. Les milieux PDA+Sol, Tige de tomate, Carotte et Petits pois ont favorisĂ© la formation de sclĂ©rotes matures en moins de 10 jours. Par contre, sur le milieu PDA, les sclĂ©rotes ne sont produits qu’au bout de 2 semaines. Les milieux PDA et PDA+Sol offrent des sclĂ©rotes de poids moyens Ă©levĂ©s avec des valeurs respectives de 2,1 mg et de 2,4 mg. Les poids moyens les plus Ă©levĂ©s pour les autres substrats sont obtenus en obscuritĂ© continue avec 0,4 mg, 0,9 mg, 0,6 mg respectivement pour les milieux Tige de tomate, Carotte et Petits pois. La sensibilitĂ© des variĂ©tĂ©s de tomate Caraibo, Tropimech et Mongal a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e en serre sur des plantules de 10 jours, 15 jours, 20 jours et 25 jours de pĂ©piniĂšre avec des quantitĂ©s de 10, 20, 30 et 40 sclĂ©rotes de Sclerotium rolfsii. Les plants de 20 et 25 jours, de la variĂ©tĂ© Tropimech sont fortement sensibles. Cette sensibilitĂ©, pour les variĂ©tĂ©s Caraibo et Mongal est moindre avec les plantules de 10 et 15 jours de pĂ©piniĂšre. La pression du parasite est fonction de la quantitĂ© de sclĂ©rotes. L’inoculation de 40 sclĂ©rotes induit pour la variĂ©tĂ© Tropimech, une rĂ©duction de plus de 80% du poids racinaire et de moins de 50% chez la variĂ©tĂ© Mongal qui s’est montrĂ©e la plus tolĂ©rante. Sclerotium rolfsii rĂ©duit Ă©galement le diamĂštre des tiges, la hauteur et le nombre de feuilles fonctionnelles de plants. L’inoculation de plantules de 25 jours de pĂ©piniĂšre de la variĂ©tĂ© Tropimech avec 40 sclĂ©rotes issus des diffĂ©rents substrats, en photopĂ©riode de 12 h, a permis d’évaluer leur pathogĂ©nicitĂ©. Les sclĂ©rotes rĂ©coltĂ©s sur des substrats sans glucose prĂ©sentent une virulence relativement marquĂ©e. © 2010 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s : Sclerotium rolfsii, sclĂ©rotes, pathogenicitĂ©, tomate, sensibilit

    Preliminary assessment of cadmium mobility in surface sediments of a tropical estuary

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    Cadmium is a toxic metal often found with a strong enrichment factor in coastal sediments. The sequential extraction procedure proposed by the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) was applied for partitioning of Cd in tropical estuary sediments. The method showed satisfactory recoveries. The repartition of Cd in different phases of sediment was controlled by the residual phase (50.32 to 67.45 %). However, the exchangeable and acid soluble fraction (F1) was in general found to be the second most abundant fraction in the surface sediments (11.14 to 15.24 %), indicating that an important portion of Cd could be remobilized, thus becoming available to aquatic biota. Cd also showed different distribution patterns in the sediment phases due to the heterogeneity of the sediments, as well as the physical and chemical conditions along with the different sources of Cd in the bays. The risk assessment code investigation showed a medium risk of Cd in the estuary. KEY WORDS: Cadmium, Mobility, Sediment toxicity, Sequential extraction Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2014, 28(2), 245-254. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v28i2.

    Development of sandwich and competitive ELISA formats to determine ß-conglycinin: Evaluation of their performance to detect soy in processed food

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    Two ELISA formats (sandwich and indirect competitive) were developed to quantify ß-conglycinin, a major soy allergen. Their performance was evaluated using three model foods incurred with soy proteins. The sandwich format detects the addition of 0.005% and 0.05% soy proteins in pasteurized sausages and baked bread. However, the competitive format detects only 0.1 and 0.5%, respectively. ß-conglycinin was not detected in sterilized pñtù with any format. An industrial prototype of the sandwich ELISA was in-house validated, showing acceptable results of repeatability, reproducibility and robustness. Model foods spiked with ß-conglycinin after processing showed recoveries between 93.3 and 138.7%. However, in model foods incurred with soy proteins before processing the recovery decreased with the increase of the severity of heat treatment applied. The sandwich format could differentiate most of the retail foods with soy declared or not as ingredient. The ELISA format and processing conditions greatly influence the determination of ß-conglycinin in food

    Quality protein maize (QPM) seeds grown in Cîte d’Ivoire: A source of high value edible oil

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    The search for new sources of oil with improved properties has focused our attention on the characteristics of oils extracted from white and yellow quality protein maize (QPM) seeds, two hybrids of classic maize (Zea mays L.). Physicochemical parameters of extracted oils were respectively as follow: refractive index (1.47 ± 0.00), free fatty acids (FFA) (1.4 ± 0.00 %), peroxide value (2.00 ± 0.00 and 1.33 ± 0.60 meq O2/kg), iodine value (136.20 ± 1.22 and 137.60 ± 1.22 g I2/100 g), and saponification value (203.83 ± 1.62 and 205.70 ± 1.62 mg KOH/g). Biochemical and nutritive analysis have revealed the following assets: unsaponifiable matter (1.43 ± 0.21 and 1.70 ± 0.10%), phosphorus (0.10 ± 0.02 mg/g), carotenoids (0.86 ± 0.01 and 1.06 ± 0.01 mg/g), vitamin A (0.45 ± 0.01 and 0.63 ± 0.01 mg/g) and vitamin E (0.32 ± 0.01 and 0.39 ± 0.01 mg/g). White and yellow QPM oilseeds showed higher content of linoleic acid (~ 60.2 % of total fatty acids). All these interesting characteristics should arouse attention for the usage of white and yellow QPM oilseeds as alternative to traditional corn oil in food and pharmaceutical industries.Keywords: Zea mays, quality protein maize, seed oils characterization, vitamin E, linoleic acid.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(23), pp. 3710-371

    Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties of Varieties of Carrot (Daucus carota) grown in Region of Korhogo, North of Cîte d’Ivoire

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    Very popular for its therapeutic and nutritional virtues, culture of carrot (Daucus carota) has developed in temperate zones of Asia and Europe but also in some tropical regions of Africa including CĂŽte d'Ivoire. Agronomic factors, commercial and food requirements require selection of varieties with good nutritional values. In this study, physicochemical properties and nutritional values of four carrot varieties namely Amazonia, Bahia, Madona and Pamela+ were compared after cultivation and harvest in region of Korhogo. Results showed that, Amazonia, the control carrot variety stands out for its acidity and minerals levels. Bahia is the richest variety with high levels of carbohydrate and protein. Madona is the most basic, wettest and fatest carrot. For a long storage, Pamela is most interesting variety. To our knowledge, it is the first time that physicochemical and nutritional parameters of carrot varieties in region of Korhogo have been studied. Future research on these carrot varieties will be studied of their post-harvest conservation, their sensory analysis and their transformation

    Combined analysis of the salivary microbiome and host defence peptides predicts dental disease

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    Understanding the triad of host response, microbiome and disease status is potentially informative for disease prediction, prevention, early intervention and treatment. Using longitudinal assessment of saliva and disease status, we demonstrated that partial least squares modelling of microbial, immunological and clinical measures, grouped children according to future dental disease status. Saliva was collected and dental health assessed in 33 children aged 4 years, and again 1-year later. The composition of the salivary microbiome was assessed and host defence peptides in saliva were quantified. Principal component analysis of the salivary microbiome indicated that children clustered by age and not disease status. Similarly, changes in salivary host defence peptides occurred with age and not in response to, or preceding dental caries. Partial least squares modelling of microbial, immunological and clinical baseline measures clustered children according to future dental disease status. These data demonstrate that isolated evaluation of the salivary microbiome or host response failed to predict dental disease. In contrast, combined assessment of both host response together with the microbiome revealed clusters of health and disease. This type of approach is potentially relevant to myriad diseases that are modified by host–microbiome interactions

    SelecciĂłn de melocotĂłn de carne dura con alto contenido en azĂșcares y antioxidantes

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    4 Pags.- 2 figs. ContribuciĂłn de los autores originalmente presentada, como comunicaciĂłn,en el XIV Congreso Nacional de Ciencias HortĂ­colas (SECH 2015): Retos de la Nueva Agricultura MediterrĂĄnea (Orihuela, 3-5 junio 2015).Existen muchos estudios sobre los efectos beneficiosos que el consumo de frutas, ricas en antioxidantes tiene sobre la salud humana. En particular, los compuestos fenĂłlicos son potencialmente beneficiosos para la salud, por sus efectos en la prevenciĂłn de enfermedades degenerativas, tales como hipertensiĂłn, Alzheimer, Parkinson o cĂĄncer. Por esta razĂłn en las Ășltimas dĂ©cadas, gran parte de los programas de mejora genĂ©tica de melocotonero han incorporado estos atributos de calidad de fruto entre sus objetivos. El programa de mejora que se lleva a cabo en la EstaciĂłn Experimental de Aula Dei centra sus objetivos en la selecciĂłn de cultivares de melocotonero con alta calidad de fruto y adaptados a las condiciones mediterrĂĄneas. Para seleccionar cultivares con frutos ricos en compuestos bioactivos, con calidad organolĂ©ptica y nutricional, se han estudiado las poblaciones de melocotonero ‘BabyGold 9’ × ‘Crown Princess’ y ‘Andross’ × ‘Calante’. Se determinaron las concentraciones de vitamina C, fenoles totales, flavonoides, y la capacidad antioxidante del fruto mediante espectrofotometrĂ­a y el contenido en azĂșcares individuales con HPLC-IR. Los frutos en ambas poblaciones, son melocotones amarillos, de carne dura y de cosecha media y tardĂ­a, con gran variaciĂłn fenotĂ­pica en todos los caracteres analizados. Se han encontrado correlaciones positivas entre varios de los parĂĄmetros de calidad y los compuestos bioactivos estudiados. Combinando caracterĂ­sticas favorables destacan por su potencial comercial una veintena de genotipos que ampliarĂĄn la oferta de cultivares de carne dura en el sector frutĂ­cola español.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el MINECO (AGL-2008-00283, AGL2011-24576) y Gobierno de AragĂłn (A44). W. Abidi y E. Ksia han sido beneficiarios de las becas JAE-Pre (CSIC) y FMI41/10 (DGA), respectivamente.Peer reviewe

    Contamination du lait caillĂ© et de l’oeuf consommĂ© en CĂŽte d’Ivoire par des pesticides organochlorĂ©s

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    La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  Ă©valuer l’aspect sanitaire de l’alimentation humaine Ă  travers deux produits Ă  forte consommation en CĂŽte d’Ivoire : le lait caillĂ© et l’oeuf. Ainsi, 30 Ă©chantillons de lait caillĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© achetĂ©s et 30 Ă©chantillons d’oeufs de poulet ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s dans trois fermes dans la ville d’Abidjan. Ces Ă©chantillons ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s dans le but de dĂ©terminer les rĂ©sidus de 12 POC (Pesticides OrganoChlorĂ©s). Les analyses ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es au CG sur colonne capillaire avec un dĂ©tecteur Ă  capture d'Ă©lectrons. Les rĂ©sultats observĂ©s rĂ©vĂšlent une contamination du lait caillĂ© et de l’oeuf par 5 POC. Ainsi, des charges moyennes en ÎŒg/kg des isomĂšres hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) allant de 0,125 Ă  0,997 et de 1,870 Ă  35,907, de l’endosulfan allant de 0,045 Ă  0,563 et non dĂ©tectĂ©, de la dieldrine allant de 0,025 Ă  0,263 et de 5,727 Ă  69,710 et du Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) et mĂ©tabolites allant de 0,133 Ă  0,813 et de 21,105 Ă  75,22, ont Ă©tĂ© respectivement dĂ©terminĂ©es dans le lait caillĂ© et dans l’oeuf. La teneur rĂ©siduelle moyenne des isomĂšres HCH, des cyclodiĂšnes (dieldrine, et endosulfane) et du DDT et ses mĂ©tabolites constituent respectivement 40%, 40% et 20% de la moyenne du total des POC mesurĂ©s dans le lait caillĂ© et respectivement 20%, 20% et 60% de celle mesurĂ©e dans l’oeuf.Mots-clĂ©s: pesticides organochlorĂ©s, lait caillĂ©, oeuf, CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Contamination of the curdled milk and the egg consumed in Ivory Coast by organochlorinated pesticides This study aims to determine the levels of organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) in the curdled milk and egg. Thus, 30 samples of curdled milk were purchased and 30 egg samples were collected from three farms in the area of the lagoons. These samples were processed in order to determine the residues 12 OCPs. Analyses were performed by GC capillary column with electron capture detector. The observed results indicate contamination of curdled milk and egg by 5 OCPs. Thus, average loads in ÎŒg/kg of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers ranging from 0.125 to 0.997 and 1.870 to 35.907, endosulfan ranging from 0.045 to 0.563 and undetected, dieldrin ranging from 0.025 to 0.263 and 5.727 to 69.710 and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and metabolites ranging from 0.133 to 0.813 and 21, 105 to 75.22, respectively, were determined in the curdled milk and egg. The average residual HCH isomers, cyclodiene (dieldrin and endosulfan) and DDT and its metabolites is respectively 40%, 40% and 20% of the average total OCPs measured in curdled milk and respectively 20%, 20 % and 60% of that measured in the bud.Keywords: organochlorinated pesticides, curdled milk, egg, Ivory Coast
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