Renin-sodium profile and renal prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of systemic arterial hypertension in blacks

Thirteen black women with systemic (essential) arterial hypertension, age-matched with normotensives, were examined during two protocols inducing sodium depletion and sodium loading respectively. Changes in plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary aldosterone values and prostaglandin E2, (PGE2,) and F2a (PGF2a) excretion were simultaneously assessed. Renin profiles, obtained by the plotting of PRA against the urinary excretion of sodium, showed a 62% prevalence of low-renin hypertension, the remaining 38% of the patients having normal-renin hypertension.At basal level the hypertensives had suppressed renal synthesis of vasodilator PGE2, and a non-significant increase in venopressor PGF2a. This was reflected in the significant 32% decrease in the PGE2/PGF2a ratio. This finding was in keeping with their low-renin hypertension. During sodium depletion PG excretion wasincreased in both normotensive and hypertensive groups. The opposite effect was found during sodium loading.The results of this study do not support a natriuretic role for renal PGE2 but do support the hypothesis that there is decreased renal vasodepressor PGE2, synthesis in black hypertensive patients

Pathophysiological mechanisms of urbanisation-related hypertension and the sodium pressor response in black Zimbabweans

This study examined the role of endothelin (ET), the thromboxane A, (TXA2)-prostacyclin (PGI2) ratio (TXA2/PGI2), plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary aldosterone excretion (ALDO) in urban hypertensive patients and in the sodium pressor response in normotensives. Twenty-seven urban hypertensive patients and the same number of normotensive controls were studied on baseline diet, after 5 days of sodium restriction and after 5 days of sodium loading. Mean arterial blood pressure, plasma and ET values, PRA, TXA2/PGI2 and ALDO were assessed on each diet.The results showed that baseline PRA was suppressed in the hypertensive patients; this indicates that urbanisation-related hypertension is of the low renin type. ET levels and TXA2/PGI2 were higher in hypertensive than in normotenisve subjects, suggesting an association between high blood pressure and these factors. Although the baseline PRA in hypertensives was suppressed, urinary ALDO was no different from that in the normotensive controls where PRA was normal. In addition, sodium restriction did not increase PRA in hypertensive subjects while it more than doubled it in the controls. However, ALDO in hypertensive patients increased to levels that were no different from those in the normotensive subjects. Sodium loading increased blood pressure, ET values and TXA2/PGI2 indicating an association between the latter two factors and the sodium pressor response in those with hypertension. ALDO decreased to similar levels on sodium loading in the two groups. This decrease in ALDO was accompanied by suppression of PRA only in normotensive subjects.In conclusion, the low-renin-activity urban hypertensives we studied had increased baseline ET levels and TXA2/PGI2. The observed pressor response was accompanied by increases in these two factors. This suggests an important role for the two factors in this form of hypertension and the sodium response in normotensives

Magnetic field and unstable accretion during AM Herculis low states

A study of AM Her low states in September 1990 and 1991 and June-July 1997 is reported from a coordinated campaign with observations obtained at the Haute-Provence observatory, at the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory and at the 2.6m and 1.25m telescopes of the Crimean observatory. Spectra obtained at different dates when the source was in low states at a comparable V magnitude, show the presence of strong Zeeman absorption features and marked changes in emission lines with a day-to-day reappearance of the HeII (4686\AA) emission lines in 1991. Despite this variability, the magnetic field inferred from the fitting of the absorption spectrum with Zeeman hydrogen splitting, is remarkably constant with a best value of (12.5$\pm$0.5)MG. Detailed analysis of the UBVRI light curves shows the presence of repetitive moderate amplitude ($\sim$ 0.3-0.5 mag) flares predominantly red in colour. These flares are attributed to small accretion events and are compared to the large ($\sim$ 2 mag.) blue flare reported by Shakhovskoy et al. (1993). We suggest that the general flaring activity observed during the low states is generated by accretion events. The different characteristics of the flares (colour and polarization) are the results of different shock geometries depending on the net mass accretion flux.Comment: accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics (Main Journal), 10 pages, 6 Figures, Late

STRATEGY OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN PROKARYOTES

Programmed cell death (PCD) was first studied in eukaryotic organisms. This system also operates in the development life cycle of prokaryotes. The system PCD in microorganisms is activated a wide range of signals in response to the stresses associated with adverse environmental conditions or exposure to antibacterial agents. The results of numerous studies in the past decade allow considering the system PCD in prokaryotes as an evolutionary conservation of the species. These results significantly expanded understanding of the role of PCD in microorganisms and opened a number of important areas of research of the morphological and molecular genetic approaches to the study of death strategies for the survival in bacterial populations. The purpose of the review is to summarize the morphological and molecular genetic characteristics of PCD in prokaryotes which are real manifestations of the mechanisms of this phenomenon

REACTIVITY OF CELLS INNATE IMMUNITY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HANTAVIRAL INFECTION

The paper presents evidence that the susceptibility of monocyte-derived cells to the Hantaviral infection increases when they reach the final stage of differentiation. In view of the phylogenetic homogeneity of these cells, the data obtained in the study of their interaction with Hantavirus can be extrapolated to monocytic cells of origin of mammals. It is indicated that Hantaviruses are resistant to the effects of monocytes/macrophages and are capable of intracellular replication in them breaking thus the biological barrier preventing the spread of the pathogen from the primary site of infection and protects against infected sensitive cells of various organs. With respect of neutrophils revealed that hantavirus showing cytopathogenic properties, as indicated by the appearance of apoptotic cells and modified periods of reduced viability of the cell culture

A new version of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with the use of ionic liquids based on imidazole for the determination of highly polar drugs in body fluids

A possibility of using ionic liquids based on imidazolium as modifiers of the mobile and stationary phases under the conditions of reversed-phase and hydrophilic chromatography (HILIC) for the separation of polar biologically active substances (amino acids, vitamins and drugs) has been investigated. It was shown that the introduction of imidazolium ionic liquids (IL) to the eluent led to the dynamic modification of the C18 sorbent surface which in turn led to the increased efficiency and selectivity of basic analytes separation. The realization of HILIC mode was possible due to the formation of a hydrophilic coating. Influences of the alkyl radical (C4, C6, C8, C12) length, nature of the counterion (Cl-, BF4 -), IL concentration (0.1 - 20 mM), pH of the mobile phase and concentration of organic additive on the efficiency and selectivity of the separation of polar drugs had been studied. In addition, the ability of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to provide HILIC conditions in the concentrations lower than critical micelle concentration (CMC) has been investigated. The possibility of determining drugs (p-aminosalicylic acid and antibiotics levofloxacin, sparfloxacin) in blood plasma under HILIC conditions was shown.В работе исследованы возможности ионных жидкостей на основе имидазола в качестве модификаторов подвижной и неподвижной фаз в условиях обращенно-фазовой и гидрофильной хроматографии (HILIC) для разделения полярных биологически активных веществ (аминокислоты, витамины и лекарственные препараты). Показано, что введение ионных жидкостей (ИЖ) на основе имидазола в состав элюента приводит к динамической модификации поверхности сорбента С18, в результате увеличивается эффективность и селективность при разделении основных аналитов. Благодаря образованию гидрофильного покрытия обеспечивается возможность реализации режима HILIC. Изучены факторы, влияющие на разделение аналитов: длина алкильного радикала (C4, C6, C8, C12), природа противоиона (Cl-, BF4-), концентрация ИЖ (0.1-20 мМ), рН элюента, концентрация буферного раствора и органической добавки. Показано, что с использованием традиционного катионного модификатора цетилтриметиламмония бромида (ЦТАБ) с концентрацией ниже критической концентрации мицеллообразования (ККМ) условия HILIC не реализуются. Установлены пределы обнаружения в HILIC (0,01-1 мкг/мл), что достаточно для определения лекарственных препаратов в реальных объектах (сыворотка крови, моча). В выбранных условиях HILIC с участием ионной жидкости C6MImCl проведен анализ образцов плазмы крови в присутствии препаратов: п-аминосалициловой кислоты, левофлоксацина, спарфлоксацина.Authors express their gratitude to the Chemical Analysis and Materials Research Centre of SPSU for providing the equipment. This work was supported by the RFBR projects № 16-03-00791-a, 17-03-012182-a

Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика патогенности вируса клещевого энцефалита дальневосточного субтипа

The aim of the work: Using the data of genome-wide sequencing of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains of the Far Eastern population, reveal the peculiarities of the moleculargenetic characteristics and their relationship with the pathogenicity of the agent. Materials and methods. A full-genomic characteristic of 63 TBEV strains isolated in the Far East and registered in GeneBank wos given. A pathohistological study of the central nervous system of monkeys infected with the highly virulent strains Sofjin and Khabarovsk-17 TBEV was conducted. Results. All strains are assigned to the Far Eastern subtype of TBEV and are located in three clusters, the territorial attachment of individual strains groups is noted. In the cluster of Sofjin-like strains, independent groups were identified, isolated in the territories of Primorsky Krai only, and separate groups – only in northern focal territories (Khabarovsk Krai). The cluster Senzhang-like strains are represented by strains of different clusters, isolated in China and throughout the Far East. The Oshima-like cluster of strains, except for strains from Japan, consists of strains isolated only in the south of the Far East (in Primorsky Krai). The incubation period of the disease in experimental animals was shorter when infected with the Sofjin strain (3–5 days) than when infected with the Khabarovsk-17 strain (7 days or more). The strain-specific differences in the severity of morphological changes in the central nervous system were revealed. For primorsky TBEV strains, a higher degree of neuroinvasiveness was characteristed with a more rapid development of severe manifestations of neuroinfection, compared to khabarovsky strains.Findings: 1) based on full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 63 TBEV strains, three main clusters were distinguished: Sofjin-, Senzhang- and Oshima-like; 2) in these clusters, territorial attachment of TBEV strains groups with a certain molecular genetic characteristic was established; 3) in primorsky TBEV strains, genetically determined advantages in the degree of neuroinvasiveness have been revealed, which provide them with the ability to more quickly overcome the blood-brain barrier compared to khabarovsky strains.Цель работы: используя данные полногеномного секвенирования штаммов дальневосточной популяции вируса клещевого энцефалита, выявить особенности молекулярно-генетической характеристики и их связь с патогенностью возбудителя. Материалы и методы. Дана полногеномная характеристика 63 штаммов вирусного клещевого энцефалита, выделенных на территории Дальнего Востока и зарегистрированных в GeneBank. Проведено патоморфологическое исследование центральной нервной системы обезьян, зараженных высоковирулентными штаммами Sofjin и Хабаровский-17 вирусного клещевого энцефалита. Результаты. Все штаммы отнесены к дальневосточному субтипу вирусного клещевого энцефалита и расположились в 3 кластерах, отмечена территориальная привязанность отдельных групп штаммов. В кластере Sofjin-подобных штаммов определились самостоятельные группы, изолированные на территориях только Приморского края, и отдельные группы – только на северных очаговых территориях (Хабаровский край). Кластер Senzhang-подобных штаммов представлен штаммами разных кластеров, изолированными в Китае и на всей территории Дальнего Востока. Кластер Oshimaподобных изолятов, кроме штаммов из Японии, состоит из штаммов, изолированных только на юге Дальнего Востока (в Приморском крае). Инкубационный период заболевания у экспериментальных животных был короче при заражении штаммом Sofjin (3–5 дней), чем при заражении штаммом Хабаровский-17 (7 и более дней). Выявлены штаммоспецифические различия по степени выраженности морфологических изменений в центральной нервной системе. Для приморских штаммов вирусного клещевого энцефалита характерна более высокая степень нейроинвазивности с более быстрым развитием тяжелых проявлений нейроинфекции, по сравнению с хабаровскими штаммами. Выводы: 1) на основе полногеномного секвенирования и филогенетического анализа 63 штаммов вирусного клещевого энцефалита выделены три основные кластера: Sofjin-, Senzhang- и Oshima-подобный; 2) в этих кластерах установлена территориальная привязанность групп штаммов вирусного клещевого энцефалита, имеющих определенную молекулярно-генетическую характеристику; 3) у приморских штаммов вирусного клещевого энцефалита выявлены генетически детерминированные преимущества в степени нейроинвазивности, обеспечивающие им способность более быстрого преодоления гематоэнцефалического барьера по сравнению с хабаровскими штаммами

High dietary salt does not significantly affect plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of Sprague Dawley rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Dahl salt-sensitive rat, but not the Dahl salt-resistant rat, develops hypertension and hypovitaminosis D when fed a high salt diet. Since the salt-sensitive rat and salt-resistant rat were bred from the Sprague Dawley rat, the aim of this research was to test the hypothesis that salt-resistant and Sprague Dawley rats would be similar in their vitamin D endocrine system response to high salt intake.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Sprague Dawley, salt-sensitive, and salt-resistant rats were fed high (80 g/kg, 8%) or low (3 g/kg, 3%) salt diets for three weeks. The blood pressure of Sprague Dawley rats increased from baseline to week 3 during both high and low salt intake and the mean blood pressure at week 3 of high salt intake was higher than that at week 3 of low salt intake (<it>P </it>< 0.05). Mean plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (marker of vitamin D status) of Sprague Dawley, salt-sensitive, and salt-resistant rats were similar at week 3 of low salt intake. Mean plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of Sprague Dawley and salt-resistant rats were unaffected by high salt intake, whereas the mean plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of salt-sensitive rats at week 3 of high salt intake was only 20% of that at week 3 of low salt intake.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data indicate that the effect of high salt intake on the vitamin D endocrine system of Sprague Dawley rats at week 3 was similar to that of salt-resistant rats. The salt-sensitive rat, thus, appears to be a more appropriate model than the Sprague Dawley rat for assessing possible effects of salt-sensitivity on vitamin D status of humans.</p

Analysis of the incidence of tick-borne viral encephalitis in the Chkalovsky district of Yekaterinburg for the period 2012-2022

The purpose of the study is to study the epidemiological features of the incidence of tick–borne viral encephalitis in the territory of the Chkalovsky district of Yekaterinburg for the period 2012-2022.Цель исследования – изучить эпидемиологические особенности заболеваемости КВЭ на территории Чкаловского района г. Екатеринбурга за период 2012-2022 гг