Summary Report of the INL-JISEA Workshop on Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems

The Institute for Nuclear Energy Science and Technology (INEST) and the Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis (JISEA) co-sponsored an international workshop to identify research topics important in advancing the potential use of hybrid systems with a specific focus on nuclear-renewable hybrid systems. The workshop included presentations ranging from energy challenges and research and development directions being pursued by nations to multiple options for hybrid systems. Those options include one that is being commercialized to other opportunities and analysis results quantifying them. The workshop also involved two breakout sessions--one focused on thermal energy management issues especially at unit-operation scale and the second focused on system operations issues including system controls, regulatory issues, technical and economic analysis, and market challenges. A discussion involving the full group focused on more general issues such as societal involvement and participation. Key criteria for selecting hybrid energy system projects and metrics for comparing them were also identified by the full group

Concept of operations for data fusion visualization

Situational awareness in the operations and supervision of a industrial system means that decision making entity, whether machine or human, have the important data presented in a timely manner. An optimal presentation of information such that the operator has the best opportunity accurately interpret and react to anomalies due to system degradation, failures or adversaries. Anticipated problems are a matter for system design; however, the paper will focus on concepts for situational awareness enhancement for a human operator when the unanticipated or unaddressed event types occur. Methodology for human machine interface development and refinement strategy is described for a synthetic fuels plant model. A novel concept for adaptively highlighting the most interesting information in the system and a plan for testing the methodology is described

Summary Report of the INL-JISEA Workshop on Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems

The Institute for Nuclear Energy Science and Technology (INEST) and the Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis (JISEA) co-sponsored an international workshop to identify research topics important in advancing the potential use of hybrid systems with a specific focus on nuclear-renewable hybrid systems. The workshop included presentations ranging from energy challenges and research and development directions being pursued by nations to multiple options for hybrid systems. Those options include one that is being commercialized to other opportunities and analysis results quantifying them. The workshop also involved two breakout sessions--one focused on thermal energy management issues especially at unit-operation scale and the second focused on system operations issues including system controls, regulatory issues, technical and economic analysis, and market challenges. A discussion involving the full group focused on more general issues such as societal involvement and participation. Key criteria for selecting hybrid energy system projects and metrics for comparing them were also identified by the full group

Summary Report of the INL-JISEA Workshop on Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems

The Institute for Nuclear Energy Science and Technology (INEST) and the Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis (JISEA) co-sponsored an international workshop to identify research topics important in advancing the potential use of hybrid systems with a specific focus on nuclear-renewable hybrid systems. The workshop included presentations ranging from energy challenges and research and development directions being pursued by nations to multiple options for hybrid systems. Those options include one that is being commercialized to other opportunities and analysis results quantifying them. The workshop also involved two breakout sessions--one focused on thermal energy management issues especially at unit-operation scale and the second focused on system operations issues including system controls, regulatory issues, technical and economic analysis, and market challenges. A discussion involving the full group focused on more general issues such as societal involvement and participation. Key criteria for selecting hybrid energy system projects and metrics for comparing them were also identified by the full group

Detailed Large Eddy Simulations (Les) Of Multi-Hole Effusion Cooling Flow For Gas Turbines

We present highly resolved large eddy simulation (LES) of a realistic effusion cooling geometry. The test case features mixing between a high-density working fluid (CO2) and a lowdensity crossflow (air) to mimic the density stratification in typical gas turbine cooling flows. The coolant CO2 is fed from a plenum into the air channel through a series of 52 inclined orifices in a staggered arrangement. Highly detailed LES computations presented in this study resolved entire 52 cooling holes to accurately capture realistic jet-To-jet interactions which are critical in cooling film formation. Two different blowing ratios (M) are analyzed, comparing predictions obtained from wall-modeled and wall-resolved grids. M is defined as the density times the velocity of the coolant divided by that of the air channel. These values are chosen so that the coolant jets are attached to the wall (M=0.457) in one case, and detached (M=1.22) in the other. Results show that for the two blowing ratios analyzed, the wall-resolved adiabatic effectiveness based on CO2 concentration compares favorably with that obtained from pressure sensitive paint (PSP) measurements. The mixing and turbulence characteristics upstream and downstream of the jets are characterized using the probability density function of CO2 concentration and its impact on cooling effectiveness. It is found that the lower blowing ratio case provides more initial cooling than the higher blowing ratio case because the cooling jets attach to the surface and induce interactions among adjacent columns of jet streams. This provides more uniform film coverage and therefore higher initial cooling effectiveness. In the higher blowing ratio case, however, this interaction is significantly delayed due to lift-off of the coolant jets. PDF analysis shows interactions between adjacent cooling stream columns near the wall do not occur until the last jets. Although both the wall-resolved (WR) and wall-modeled (WM) cases show consistent trends with the PSP measurement, the wallresolved cases show better quantitative agreement overall

Rapid Publication Chronic Granulomatous Disease Due to a Defect in the Cytosolic Factor Required for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase Activation

The superoxide-generating enzyme of human neutrophils, NADPH oxidase, is present in a dormant state in unstimulated neutrophils. It can be converted to an active form in a cell-free system if both the plasma membrane and cytosol fractions are incubated together in the presence of arachidonic acid. This system was used to determine the nature of the biochemical defect in seven patients with the autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-positive form of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). A severe deficiency in the cytosol factor was identified in each patient. The defective activity was not caused by the presence of an inhibitor, nor could it be restored to normal by combining cytosol fractions from different patients. In contrast, the membrane fractions from all seven patients contained normal levels of NADPH oxidase when activated in the presence of control cytosol. Of family members tested (obligate heterozygotes for this disorder), seven of eight had intermediate levels of cytosol factor activity. The respiratory burst defect in this form of CGD is caused by an abnormality in the cytosolic factor required for NADPH oxidase activation