Factors related to swallowing oral phase

Introduction: Efficacy of swallowing oral phase is often impaired in dysphagic patients and may impact on pharyngeal stage, meal consumption, nutritional status and quality of life. However, factors related to oral phase of swallowing have been little studied. Matherial & Methods: Thirty-nine adult patients with dysphagia of different etiology were enrolled. FEES and the Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) were performed. The Penetration-Aspiration scale, the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale and the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) were used to assess the FEES. Tongue strength was assessed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. Patients completed the Eating Assessment Tool-10. The time the patients needed to consume a meal, the Functional Oral Intake Scale score and the body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Correlations between the TOMASS and other variables were studied using Spearman\u2019s correlation coefficient. TOMASS scores were compared between patients with complete denture and those with partial edentulism through Mann-Whitney test. Results: The number of discrete bites correlated only with the BMI (r=-0.38; p=0.01). Statistically significant correlations were found between the number of masticatory cycles and tongue strength (r=-0.47; p<0.01), pharyngeal residue (r=0.42; p<0.01), DOSS (r=-0.38; p=0.01). The total time of the TOMASS correlated with tongue strength (r=-0.45; p<0.01), pharyngeal residue (r=0.48; p<0.01), time needed to consume a meal (r=0.41; p=0.01) and DOSS (r=-0.36; p=0.02). A significant difference was found between patients with complete denture and patients with partial edentulism for the number of masticatory cycles (p=0.02) and total time (p=0.03). Conclusions: Swallowing oral phase seems to correlate with tongue strength, denture, pharyngeal residue, overall dysphagia severity, duration of meals and BMI. Further studies involving a larger sample size are necessary to confirm present data

A gravimetric assessment of the Gotthard Base Tunnel geological model: insights from a novel gravity terrain-adaptation correction and rock physics data.

The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is a 57 km long railway tunnel, constructed in the Central Alps in Switzerland and extending mainly North-South across numerous geological units. We acquired 80 new gravity data points at the surface along the GBT profile and used 77 gravity measurements in the tunnel to test and constrain the shallow crustal, km-scale geological model established during the tunnel construction. To this end, we developed a novel processing scheme, which computes a fully 3D, density-dependent gravity terrain-adaptation correction (TAC), to consistently compare the gravity observations with the 2D geological model structure; the latter converted into a density model. This approach allowed to explore and quantify candidate rock density distributions along the GBT modelled profile in a computationally-efficient manner, and to test whether a reasonable fit can be found without structural modification of the geological model. The tested density data for the various lithologies were compiled from the SAPHYR rock physical property database. The tested models were evaluated both in terms of misfit between observed and synthetic gravity data, and also in terms of correlation between misfit trend and topography of the target profile. The results indicate that the locally sampled densities provide a better fit to the data for the considered lithologies, rather than density data averaged over a wider set of Alpine rock samples for the same lithology. Furthermore, using one homogeneous and constant density value for all the topographic corrections does not provide an optimal fit to the data, which instead confirms density variations along the profile. Structurally, a satisfactory fit could be found without modifying the 2D geological model, which thus can be considered gravimetry-proof. From a more general perspective, the gravity data processing routines and the density-dependent corrections developed in this case study represent a remarkable potential for further high-resolution gravity investigations of geological structures. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s00015-022-00422-z

Notizen: Facile Synthesis of N-Permethylspermine and N-Permethylspermidine from their Unmethylated Precursors

A rapid synthesis of the title compounds employing formaldehyde and sodium borohydride in acidic aqueous solution in combination with the unmethylated amines is described. High yields and the characteristics of the methylated amines allow the application of the method to gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses

Mid-Late Pleistocene Neanderthal landscapes in southern Italy: Paleoecological contributions of the avian assemblage from Grotta del Cavallo, Apulia, southern Italy

We present a detailed paleoecologic analysis of avian assemblages from the Mousterian layers of the Middle Paleolithic Grotta del Cavallo site in southern Italy. Findings improve knowledge of the landscape that was exploited by Neanderthals. During the MIS 7, 6 and 3, the cave was surrounded by extensive grasslands and shrublands, locally interspersed by open woodland and rocky outcrops, whereas the coastal plain (currently underwater) hosted wetlands. Water bird taxa show an increase in population size during the cool-temperate climatic interval attributed to MIS 3, possibly linked to more humid conditions or a shorter distance between the wetland settings and the cave, compared to the previous glacial phase (MIS 6). In addition, coverage-based rarefied richness suggests higher avian diversity during MIS 3, which may reflect greater landscape heterogeneity due to the presence of wetland habitats. The tentative discovery of Branta leucopsis, together with several bird species currently found at higher altitudes, reinforces geochemically-derived palaeoclimate inferences of cooler than the present conditions. These assemblages also include the first fossil occurrence of Larus genei worldwide, the first Italian occurrence of Emberiza calandra, the oldest Italian occurrence of Podiceps nigricollis, and the occurrence of the rarely reported Sylvia cf. communis. Taphonomic analyses indicate that bone modifications are mainly due to physical syn- and post-depositional processes, and that the assemblage mainly accumulated through short-range physical transport and the feeding activities of nocturnal raptors

Functional fat injection under local anesthesia to treat severe postsurgical dysphagia, case report

Background: In this study, we present the first application of functional fat injection performed under local anesthesia in the treatment of severe dysphagia secondary to head and neck cancer surgery. Methods: Functional fat injection was performed using a transcervical approach. Control of injection depth and site was performed through a transnasal flexible endoscope. The effect of surgery was evaluated through videofluoroscopy (VFS), Fiberendoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), and Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10). Results: Before the functional fat injection, the patient was dependent on permanent tube feeding; the VFS and FEES revealed a severe impairment of swallowing abilities. The EAT-10 scored 26. Twelve months after surgery, the patient was on oral diet, the VFS demonstrated mild to moderate dysphagia, the FEES demonstrated aspiration only with liquids and the EAT-10 improved. Conclusion: Functional fat injection under local anesthesia could be useful in the treatment of chronic dysphagia in selected patients

Simplified Model for PV Panels Performance Preditcion

Abstract In the last years, the growing global energy demand and the even more strictly pollution regulations have led the research to improve efficiency of conventional technologies and to find out innovative solutions to solve these issues. In this scenario, the renewable energy becomes a fundamental resource, especially in the field of electric energy generation. Problems related to non-programmability and effectiveness of renewables can be minimize through the diffusion of distributed generation and energy storage technologies. In this study, an integrated microgrid, made up of photovoltaic arrays, batteries and a hydrogen generator is presented. The aim of this work is to develop a simplified mathematical model able to describe the behavior of the photovoltaic modules for different operating conditions. On the respect of available literature on this topic, the peculiarity of this model is the possibility of being used simply knowing those parameters usually provided by manufacturers. To validate the model, experimental data recorded during the laboratory tests have been used. Obtained results show that 78 % of the analyzed operating conditions computed using the developed model are within the tolerance range of ± 10 % compared to experimental values

Does cemented or cementless single-stage exchange arthroplasty of chronic periprosthetic hip infections provide similar infection rates to a two-stage? A systematic review

BACKGROUND: The best surgical modality for treating chronic periprosthetic hip infections remains controversial, with a lack of randomised controlled studies. The aim of this systematic review is to compare the infection recurrence rate after a single-stage versus a two-stage exchange arthroplasty, and the rate of cemented versus cementless single-stage exchange arthroplasty for chronic periprosthetic hip infections. METHODS: We searched for eligible studies published up to December 2015. Full text or abstract in English were reviewed. We included studies reporting the infection recurrence rate as the outcome of interest following single- or two-stage exchange arthroplasty, or both, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Two reviewers independently abstracted data and appraised quality assessment. RESULTS: After study selection, 90 observational studies were included. The majority of studies were focused on a two-stage hip exchange arthroplasty (65 %), 18 % on a single-stage exchange, and only a 17 % were comparative studies. There was no statistically significant difference between a single-stage versus a two-stage exchange in terms of recurrence of infection in controlled studies (pooled odds ratio of 1.37 [95 % CI = 0.68-2.74, I(2) = 45.5 %]). Similarly, the recurrence infection rate in cementless versus cemented single-stage hip exchanges failed to demonstrate a significant difference, due to the substantial heterogeneity among the studies. CONCLUSION: Despite the methodological limitations and the heterogeneity between single cohorts studies, if we considered only the available controlled studies no superiority was demonstrated between a single- and two-stage exchange at a minimum of 12 months follow-up. The overalapping of confidence intervals related to single-stage cementless and cemented hip exchanges, showed no superiority of either technique

Triosephosphate Isomerases in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) : Characterization and Susceptibility to Herbicides

The effect of treatments with four herbicides and a safener on the activity of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) extracted from shoots of Italian ryegrass was investigated. It was found that atrazine and fluorodifen, herbicides which interfere with photosynthesis, caused a decrease in measured enzyme activity. In addition, the in vitro effect of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), a compound produced in situations of oxidative stress, on TPI activity was investigated. It was shown that GSSG was a strong inhibitor of enzyme activity, at low concentrations in a dose-timedependent manner. The enzyme extracts were submitted to chromatographic purifications and to two-dimensional electrophoresis. Some spots had molecular masses ranging between 20 and 30 kDa and were characterized and identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS as TPIs. The mass spectrometry also made it possible to identify the presence of cysteine residues that could be subjected to S-glutathionylation, which regulate the enzyme activity

On the origin of the λ\lambda-transition in liquid Sulphur

Developing a novel experimental technique, we applied photon correlation spectroscopy using infrared radiation in liquid Sulphur around $T_\lambda$, i.e. in the temperature range where an abrupt increase in viscosity by four orders of magnitude is observed upon heating within few degrees. This allowed us - overcoming photo-induced and absorption effects at visible wavelengths - to reveal a chain relaxation process with characteristic time in the ms range. These results do rehabilitate the validity of the Maxwell relation in Sulphur from an apparent failure, allowing rationalizing the mechanical and thermodynamic behavior of this system within a viscoelastic scenario.Comment: 5 pages, 4 eps figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. Let

Normative and validation data of an articulation test for Italian-speaking children

Objectives: As a standardized instrument to assess speech sound development in Italian-speaking children is currently lacking, norms used to diagnose speech sound disorders (SSD) are mainly based on studies including English-speaking participants. This application may result in misidentification of SSD due to linguistic differences. The aims of the study were to establish normative data on speech sound development of Italian-speaking children and to evaluate psychometric properties of Rossi's articulation test, the picture-naming test selected to assess speech sound development. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 694 normally-developing Italian-speaking children aged from 3 to 7 years was conducted. Children were administered Rossi's articulation test, and percentages of speech sound correct production were calculated. To evaluate inter-rater reliability of the test, audio-recordings of 50 children were scored by an additional examiner. The same rater scored the audio-recordings of 50 children twice with an interval of at least 1 week. To evaluate test-retest reliability, 144 participants were re-tested after 1-3 weeks by the same assessor. Scores were compared through Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). To assess construct validity, the developmental progression of total scores across age groups was verified by the estimation of the reference range for the test, using a regression procedure. Results: Almost all Italian children in the sample produced vowels and approximants correctly. Singleton consonants were acquired before consonant clusters. Ages of acquisition of each consonant were presented: plosives and nasals were early mastered by Italian children, while dental affricates, alveolar fricatives and the palatal lateral were the latest acquired segments. All ICCs were superior to 0.9 (reliability). A statistically significant improvement in test score with age was found (construct validity). Conclusions: The paper provides normative data for speech sound development of Italian-speaking children; preliminary psychometric analysis of Rossi's articulation test revealed satisfactory reliability and construct validity. Clinicians are recommended to use Rossi's articulation test to assess speech sound development in Italian children