Frontal fibrosing alopecia:a descriptive cross-sectional study of 711 cases in female patients from the UK

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is an inflammatory primary scarring alopecia of uncertain aetiology that represents a variant of lichen planopilaris. It predominantly, although not exclusively, affects post-menopausal women. Its pathogenesis is characterised by immune-mediated follicular destruction at the level of the hair bulge, which leads to a clinical phenotype of progressive fronto-temporal hair and eyebrow loss that is often preceded by widespread body hair loss

A legal assessment of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (the Polar Code)

January 1, 2017 the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (the Polar Code) will enter into force. The Polar Code is the result of enduring efforts by the international community, and is characterized as a “historic milestone” in the work of the IMO to establish a unified system for polar navigation. The purpose of this paper is to submit an assessment of the Polar Code in the context of international law of the sea, preceded by an account of the instrument background and key features. Do provisions of the Polar Code qualify as “generally accepted international rules and standards”, and the relation between the Polar Code and the extended environmental jurisdiction granted Arctic coastal states, are among key issues to be addressed