Flexible fastener effects airtight material closure

Flexible tube inserted into a 3/4-round strip receptacle inflates to form an airtight material fastener. Inflation is done with a carbon dioxide cartridge and deflation by a manually operated release valve. Device has potential use in space suits, underwater suits, and other protective clothing

Effect of leading-edge geometry on boundary-layer receptivity to freestream sound

The receptivity to freestream sound of the laminar boundary layer over a semi-infinite flat plate with an elliptic leading edge is simulated numerically. The incompressible flow past the flat plate is computed by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations in general curvilinear coordinates. A finite-difference method which is second-order accurate in space and time is used. Spatial and temporal developments of the Tollmien-Schlichting wave in the boundary layer, due to small-amplitude time-harmonic oscillations of the freestream velocity that closely simulate a sound wave travelling parallel to the plate, are observed. The effect of leading-edge curvature is studied by varying the aspect ratio of the ellipse. The boundary layer over the flat plate with a sharper leading edge is found to be less receptive. The relative contribution of the discontinuity in curvature at the ellipse-flat-plate juncture to receptivity is investigated by smoothing the juncture with a polynomial. Continuous curvature leads to less receptivity. A new geometry of the leading edge, a modified super ellipse, which provides continuous curvature at the juncture with the flat plate, is used to study the effect of continuous curvature and inherent pressure gradient on receptivity

Pengaruh pemberian Aras Urea Yang Berbeda dan Lama Fermentasi Pupuk Organik Cair Limbah Rumen Terhadap Kandungan Fisik dan Kimia (P2O5 dan K2O)

Pupuk organik cair dapat berasal dari limbah pertanian  tidak tidak memiliki nilai jual, dapat berdampak pada pencermaran lingkungan  dan belum dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat. Sedangkan limbah peternakan berasal dari limbah rumah potong hewan (RPH) seperti cairan rumen dan bolus yang belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik, sehingga berdampak pada pencemaran lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat.  Limbah pertanian dan peternakan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk organik cair. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui perbandingan komposisi dan lama fermenatsi cairan rumen dan limbah pertanian terhadap kandungan POC. Urgensi dari penelitian yang dilakukan sebagai bahan informasi dasar yang berkaitan dengan pemanfaatan limbah pertanian dan cairan rumen sapi sebagai pupuk organik cair (POC) yang dapat digunakan oleh petani untuk mendukung pertanian organik dikabupetan Merauke. Penelitian ini bersifat  eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap  faktorial (RAL) dengan 3 Perlakuan dan 3 Ulangan  yang terdiri dari yaitu, Perlakuan I 5%, Perlakuan II 10% dan Perlakuan III  15% yang akan dilakukan dengan fermentasi.  Perlakuan  waktu selama 1 minggu, 2 minggu dan 3 minggi. Sampel penelitian kemudian akan dianalisis dengan pengiriman sampel ke laboraturium UNHAS. Parameter pengataman yaitu pH dan analisis kualitas pupuk organik cair meliputi  P2O5 dan K2O. Dari hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa nilai P2O5 tertinggi teradap pada PIII (urea 15%) yaitu 0,640 pada minggu ke 2 dan K2O pada perlakuan PIII (15%) yaitu 0,063 minggu ke 3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pupuk organik cair limbah pertanian dan cairan rumen belum memenuhi standar Kementerian Pertanian

Aerobic performance of two tropical cephalopod species unaltered by prolonged exposure to projected future carbon dioxide levels

Squid and many other cephalopods live continuously on the threshold of their environmental oxygen limitations. If the abilities of squid to effectively take up oxygen are negatively affected by projected future carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in ways similar to those demonstrated in some fish and invertebrates, it could affect the success of squid in future oceans. While there is evidence that acute exposure to elevated CO2 has adverse effects on cephalopod respiratory performance, no studies have investigated this in an adult cephalopod after relatively prolonged exposure to elevated CO2 or determined any effects on the routine and maximal oxygen uptake rates, aerobic scope and recovery time of two tropical cephalopod species, the two- aerobic scope. Here, we tested the effects of prolonged exposure (≥20% of lifespan) to elevated CO2 levels (∼1000 μatm) on tonedpygmy squid, Idiosepius pygmaeus and the bigfin reef squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Neither species exhibited evidence of altered aerobic performance after exposure to elevated CO2 when compared to individuals held at control conditions. The recovery time of I. pygmaeus under both control and elevated CO2 conditions was less than 1 hour, whereas S. lessoniana required approximately 8 hours to recover fully following maximal aerobic performance. This difference in recovery time may be due to the more sedentary behaviours of I. pygmaeus. The ability of these two cephalopod species to cope with prolonged exposure to elevated CO2 without detriment to their aerobic performance suggests some resilience to an increasingly high CO2 world. Ke

Developing Speech Processing Pipelines for Police Accountability

Police body-worn cameras have the potential to improve accountability and transparency in policing. Yet in practice, they result in millions of hours of footage that is never reviewed. We investigate the potential of large pre-trained speech models for facilitating reviews, focusing on ASR and officer speech detection in footage from traffic stops. Our proposed pipeline includes training data alignment and filtering, fine-tuning with resource constraints, and combining officer speech detection with ASR for a fully automated approach. We find that (1) fine-tuning strongly improves ASR performance on officer speech (WER=12-13%), (2) ASR on officer speech is much more accurate than on community member speech (WER=43.55-49.07%), (3) domain-specific tasks like officer speech detection and diarization remain challenging. Our work offers practical applications for reviewing body camera footage and general guidance for adapting pre-trained speech models to noisy multi-speaker domains.Comment: Accepted to INTERSPEECH 202

Adapt, move, or die: how will tropical coral reef fishes cope with ocean warming?

Previous studies hailed thermal tolerance and the capacity for organisms to acclimate and adapt as the primary pathways for species survival under climate change. Here we challenge this theory. Over the past decade more than 365 tropical stenothermal fish species have been documented moving pole-ward, away from ocean warming hotspots where temperatures 2-3 °C above long-term annual means can compromise critical physiological processes. We examined the capacity of a model species - a thermally-sensitive coral reef fish, Chromis viridis (Pomacentridae) – to use preference behaviour to regulate its body temperature. Movement could potentially circumvent the physiological stress response associated with elevated temperatures and may be a strategy relied upon before genetic adaptation can be effectuated. Individuals were maintained at one of six temperatures (23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 33 °C) for at least six weeks. We compared the relative importance of acclimation temperature to changes in upper critical thermal limits, aerobic metabolic scope, and thermal preference. While acclimation temperature positively affected the upper critical thermal limit, neither aerobic metabolic scope nor thermal preference exhibited such plasticity. Importantly, when given the choice to stay in a habitat reflecting their acclimation temperatures or relocate, fish acclimated to end-of-century predicted temperatures (i.e., 31 or 33 °C) preferentially sought out cooler temperatures, those equivalent to long-term summer averages in their natural habitats (~29 °C). This was also the temperature providing the greatest aerobic metabolic scope and body condition across all treatments. Consequently, acclimation can confer plasticity in some performance traits, but may be an unreliable indicator of the ultimate survival and distribution of mobile stenothermal species under global warming. Conversely, thermal preference can arise long before, and remain long after, the harmful effects of elevated ocean temperatures take hold and may be the primary driver of the escalating pole-ward migration of species

Habitat complexity influences selection of thermal environment in a common coral reef fish

Coral reef species, like most tropical species, are sensitive to increasing environmental temperatures, with many species already living close to their thermal maxima. Ocean warming and the increasing frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves are challenging the persistence of reef-associated species through both direct physiological effects of elevated water temperatures and the degradation and loss of habitat structure following disturbance. Understanding the relative importance of habitat degradation and ocean warming in shaping species distributions is critical in predicting the likely biological effects of global warming. Using an automated shuttle box system, we investigated how habitat complexity influences the selection of thermal environments for a common coral reef damselfish, Chromis atripectoralis. In the absence of any habitat (i.e. control), C. atripectoralis avoided temperatures below 22.9 ± 0.8°C and above 31.9 ± 0.6°C, with a preferred temperature (Tpref) of 28.1 ± 0.9°C. When complex habitat was available, individual C. atripectoralis occupied temperatures down to 4.3°C lower (mean ± SE; threshold: 18.6 ± 0.7°C; Tpref: 18.9 ± 1.0°C) than control fish. Conversely, C. atripectoralis in complex habitats occupied similar upper temperatures as control fish (threshold: 31.7 ± 0.4°C; preference: 28.3 ± 0.7°C). Our results show that the availability of complex habitat can influence the selection of thermal environment by a coral reef fish, but only at temperatures below their thermal preference. The limited scope of C. atripectoralis to occupy warmer environments, even when associated with complex habitat, suggests that habitat restoration efforts in areas that continue to warm may not be effective in retaining populations of C. atripectoralis and similar species. This species may have to move to cooler (e.g. deeper or higher latitude) habitats under predicted future warming. The integration of habitat quality and thermal environment into conservation efforts will be essential to conserve of coral reef fish populations under future ocean warming scenarios