AVALIAÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE CARCAÇA DE BOVINOS MESTIÇOS PURUNÃ, ALIMENTADOS COM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ENERGIA NA DIETA

Developed at the Model Farm Experimental Station – IAPAR, Ponta Grossa – PR, this study evaluated the carcass characteristics of Purunã crossbred bovines, fed with different energy levels in their diets. 24 half breed animals Purunã/Canchim with initial average age of 18 months had been used. The initial average weight was 272 kg for the light animals and 373 kg for the heavy animals and the total intake of 9.35 kg MS/day and 10.35 kg MS/day, respectively. The animals were confined for 84 days, in individual baies. Each treatment had eight repetitions, being four light animals and four heavy ones. The feed consisted of corn silage, soy bean meal, corn grain, urea, dicalcium phosphate, supplement mineral, provided according to the program RLM 3.0. The diets of treatments were provided according to the energies levels: T1: 70.5%TND, T2: 67%TND e T3: 64%TND. The carcass characteristics evaluation didn’t show significant difference between treatment (P > 0.05) and hot carcass weight. It wasn’t observed significant difference between energy increase (P > 0.05) and hot carcass income, carcass length, leg length and thigh thickness. Similarly, the rib eye area, the subcutaneous fat thickness, the percentage of bones, muscle and fat, the carcass conformation, meat color and texture aren’t affected (P > 0.05) by the energy level in the diet. There was statistical difference between intermediary energy level and marbling (P 0,05) sobre o peso e o rendimento da carcaça quente, bem como sobre os comprimentos de carcaça, de perna e espessura de coxão. Da mesma forma, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura subcutânea, as porcentagens de osso, músculo e gordura, a conformação da carcaça, coloração e textura da carne não foram influenciados (P> 0,05) pelo nível de energia na dieta. O maior valor de marmoreio (P < 0,05) foi obtido no nível intermediário de energia (67% de NDT)

Danos causados por bovinos em diferentes espécies arbóreas recomendadas para sistemas silvipastoris.

Três espécies arbóreas foram avaliadas quanto aos danos causados por bovinos em pastejo em um sistema silvipastoril implantado na região subtropical do Brasil. As espécies Schinus terebinthifolius (Raddi), Grevillea robusta (A. Cunn. ex R.Br) e Eucalyptus dunnii (Maiden), foram plantadas em linhas simples, arranjadas em 14 m x 3 m, para comporem um sistema agrossilvipastoril. Durante os primeiros três anos a área foi utilizada para produção de grãos em sistema de cultivo em aléias (silviagrícola). Após 41 meses do plantio das árvores, o gado foi introduzido pela primeira vez na área. Cinco classes de intensidade de danos foram estabelecidas: sem dano, baixa, média, alta e extrema. Os danos causados à casca do tronco das árvores no sistema foram maiores do que os causados às copas. As árvores de S. terebinthifolius foram as mais danificadas pelos bovinos. A manutenção de S. terebinthifolius em sistema silvipastoril não é recomendada pelo dano que o gado impõe às árvores

Interactive Tree and N Supply Effect on Root Mass of Two Annual Pasture Grasses

A major aim of integrated crop livestock system (ICLS) with trees is to increase the overall land productivity and/or its sustainability by making best use of the environmental resources (water, light and nutrients) used by plant for growth (Jose et al. 2008). Consequently, research efforts have been done in order to investigate the complex animal-plant-soils interactions operating upon the biological production of these systems, and their environmental impacts. For instance, since roots return to soil as a stock of C in the soil is in general larger than shoot return, interest in describing plant root system has increased due the current debate over sequestration of C by vegetation. Therefore, an important issue of ICLS is the degree of competition or, conversely, the complementary level that exists between root development and root system activities (Gregory 2006). However, our knowledge about the mechanisms by which biomass allocation (aerial parts of the plant vs. root system) is regulated is poor (Poorter et al. 2011), mainly when considering simultaneous stresses (e.g. light and nutrients). In the present study we report the shoot:root ratio and root mass variation responses to N fertilization levels of two forage grass species growing in field situation under a tree canopy while grazed by beef heifers versus an open, treeless ICLS

CONCEPTT: Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Women with Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy Trial: A multi-center, multi-national, randomized controlled trial - Study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Women with type 1 diabetes strive for optimal glycemic control before and during pregnancy to avoid adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. For most women, optimal glycemic control is challenging to achieve and maintain. The aim of this study is to determine whether the use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) will improve glycemic control in women with type 1 diabetes who are pregnant or planning pregnancy. METHODS/DESIGN: A multi-center, open label, randomized, controlled trial of women with type 1 diabetes who are either planning pregnancy with an HbA1c of 7.0 % to ≤10.0 % (53 to ≤ 86 mmol/mol) or are in early pregnancy (<13 weeks 6 days) with an HbA1c of 6.5 % to ≤10.0 % (48 to ≤ 86 mmol/mol). Participants will be randomized to either RT-CGM alongside conventional intermittent home glucose monitoring (HGM), or HGM alone. Eligible women will wear a CGM which does not display the glucose result for 6 days during the run-in phase. To be eligible for randomization, a minimum of 4 HGM measurements per day and a minimum of 96 hours total with 24 hours overnight (11 pm-7 am) of CGM glucose values are required. Those meeting these criteria are randomized to RT- CGM or HGM. A total of 324 women will be recruited (110 planning pregnancy, 214 pregnant). This takes into account 15 and 20 % attrition rates for the planning pregnancy and pregnant cohorts and will detect a clinically relevant 0.5 % difference between groups at 90 % power with 5 % significance. Randomization will stratify for type of insulin treatment (pump or multiple daily injections) and baseline HbA1c. Analyses will be performed according to intention to treat. The primary outcome is the change in glycemic control as measured by HbA1c from baseline to 24 weeks or conception in women planning pregnancy, and from baseline to 34 weeks gestation during pregnancy. Secondary outcomes include maternal hypoglycemia, CGM time in, above and below target (3.5-7.8 mmol/l), glucose variability measures, maternal and neonatal outcomes. DISCUSSION: This will be the first international multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of RT- CGM before and during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01788527 Registration Date: December 19, 2012