Renormalization schemes for SFT solutions

In this paper, we examine the space of renormalization schemes compatible with the Kiermaier and Okawa [arXiv:0707.4472] framework for constructing Open String Field Theory solutions based on marginal operators with singular self-OPEs. We show that, due to freedom in defining the renormalization scheme which tames these singular OPEs, the solutions obtained from the KO framework are not necessarily unique. We identify a multidimensional space of SFT solutions corresponding to a single given marginal operator.Comment: 41 pages, 1 figur

The Voice Transcription Technique: Use of Voice Recognition Software to Transcribe Digital Interview Data in Qualitative Research

Transcribing interview data is a time-consuming task that most qualitative researchers dislike. Transcribing is even more difficult for people with physical limitations because traditional transcribing requires manual dexterity and the ability to sit at a computer for long stretches of time. Researchers have begun to explore using an automated transcription process using digital recordings and voice recognition software (VRS). While VRS has improved in recent years, it is not yet available to the general public in a format that can recognize more than one recorded voice. This article outlines a strategy used to circumvent this problem and improve the speed and ease of transcription. The equipment and the Voice Transcription Technique used are outlined, as well as suggestions for future technological advances in transcription

Magnetotransport with two occupied subbands in a Si(100) inversion layer

We have studied an electron transport in inversion layers of high-mobility Si(100) samples. At high electron concentrations and temperatures below 4.2 K, two series of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations have been observed. The temperature damping of the second series oscillations indicates that the second occupied subband belongs to the first energy level of the fourfold-degenerate ladder $0'$. Samples with two occupied subbans exhibit a strong anomalous negative magnetoresitance, reaching $\rm \approx 25 \%$ of a zero field value at $B =$ 12 T. The resistance decrease is more pronounced for lower temperatures and higher electron concentrations. We explain this behaviour by an increase of the second subband mobility due to the freezing-out of the scattering of $0'$ electrons. Based on the measured periods of SdH oscillations, we conclude that the electrons are distributed inhomogeneously beneath the sample gate.Comment: 4 pages. RevTex text and 4 PostScript figures in a single tar-compressed file produced by 'uufiles

Ovarian and cervical cancer awareness: development of two validated measurement tools.

The aim of the study was to develop and validate measures of awareness of symptoms and risk factors for ovarian and cervical cancer (Ovarian and Cervical Cancer Awareness Measures)

Feasting, fasting and freezing: energetic effects of meal size and temperature on torpor expression by little brown bats Myotis lucifugus

Torpor is an adaptation for energy conservation employed by many species of small-bodied endotherms. However, surprisingly little is known regarding proximate factors influencing day-to-day variation in torpor expression in the wild. We used open-flow respirometry to quantify torpor expression in nine little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus, LeConte 1831) at two ambient temperatures (7°C and 17°C) following either sham feeding or consumption of a high-protein meal (50% or 100% of the mass required to reach satiation for each individual). Food consumption significantly increased the time spent normothermic before torpor entry but did not affect either the rate of body cooling or torpid metabolic rate. Bats did not fully exploit potential energy savings by maximising their use of torpor. Instead they varied torpor expression such that total energy expenditure over the course of each 22-h trial was balanced against gross energy intake immediately before the trial, independent of ambient temperature. This was accomplished by adjusting the timing of entry into torpor (thus altering the time spent torpid), rather than by modulating torpid metabolic rate. However, pre-trial body mass was also a significant predictor of torpor expression, which suggests that energy reserves combine with recent foraging success to influence individuals’ decisions about depth and duration of their torpor bouts. We also present evidence that little brown bats use the heat generated through digestion (i.e. the heat increment of feeding) to substitute for active thermogenesis at sub-thermoneutral temperatures, thereby reducing the energetic costs of thermoregulation prior to torpor entry."Funding was provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC, Canada) Discovery grants to C.K.R.W. and K.L.C., and a NSERC Undergraduate Student Research Award to A.L.M. The University of Winnipeg Bat Lab and C.K.R.W. are also funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Manitoba Research and Innovation Fund."http://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/12/216

Molecular Exploration of the First-Century Tomb of the Shroud in Akeldama, Jerusalem

The Tomb of the Shroud is a first-century C. E. tomb discovered in Akeldama, Jerusalem, Israel that had been illegally entered and looted. The investigation of this tomb by an interdisciplinary team of researchers began in 2000. More than twenty stone ossuaries for collecting human bones were found, along with textiles from a burial shroud, hair and skeletal remains. The research presented here focuses on genetic analysis of the bioarchaeological remains from the tomb using mitochondrial DNA to examine familial relationships of the individuals within the tomb and molecular screening for the presence of disease. There are three mitochondrial haplotypes shared between a number of the remains analyzed suggesting a possible family tomb. There were two pathogens genetically detected within the collection of osteological samples, these were Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. The Tomb of the Shroud is one of very few examples of a preserved shrouded human burial and the only example of a plaster sealed loculus with remains genetically confirmed to have belonged to a shrouded male individual that suffered from tuberculosis and leprosy dating to the first-century C.E. This is the earliest case of leprosy with a confirmed date in which M. leprae DNA was detected

Core-Collapse Supernovae and Host Galaxy Stellar Populations

We have used images and spectra of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to examine the host galaxies of 519 nearby supernovae. The colors at the sites of the explosions, as well as chemical abundances, and specific star formation rates of the host galaxies provide circumstantial evidence on the origin of each supernova type. We examine separately SN II, SN IIn, SN IIb, SN Ib, SN Ic, and SN Ic with broad lines (SN Ic-BL). For host galaxies that have multiple spectroscopic fibers, we select the fiber with host radial offset most similar to that of the SN. Type Ic SN explode at small host offsets, and their hosts have exceptionally strongly star-forming, metal-rich, and dusty stellar populations near their centers. The SN Ic-BL and SN IIb explode in exceptionally blue locations, and, in our sample, we find that the host spectra for SN Ic-BL show lower average oxygen abundances than those for SN Ic. SN IIb host fiber spectra are also more metal-poor than those for SN Ib, although a significant difference exists for only one of two strong-line diagnostics. SN Ic-BL host galaxy emission lines show strong central specific star formation rates. In contrast, we find no strong evidence for different environments for SN IIn compared to the sites of SN II. Because our supernova sample is constructed from a variety of sources, there is always a risk that sampling methods can produce misleading results. We have separated the supernovae discovered by targeted surveys from those discovered by galaxy-impartial searches to examine these questions and show that our results do not depend sensitively on the discovery technique.Comment: Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal (22 July 2012), conclusions not changed, extended discussion of sample construction and updated SN spectroscopic type

Cyclotron effective mass of 2D electron layer at GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction subject to in-plane magnetic fields

We have found that Fermi contours of a two-dimensional electron gas at \rmGaAs/Al_xGa_{1-x}As interface deviate from a standard circular shape under the combined influence of an approximately triangular confining potential and the strong in-plane magnetic field. The distortion of a Fermi contour manifests itself through an increase of the electron effective cyclotron mass which has been measured by the cyclotron resonance in the far-infrared transmission spectra and by the thermal damping of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in tilted magnetic fields with an in-plane component up to 5 T. The observed increase of the cyclotron effective mass reaches almost 5 \% of its zero field value which is in good agreement with results of a self-consistent calculation.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex, figures can be obtained on request from [email protected]; to appear in Phys. Rev. B (in press). No changes, the corrupted submission replace