Comparison between two therapeutic approaches to post-operative pain in urological surgery Psychological and pharmacological aspects

The post-operative analgesic therapy represents a target of quality and saving for a Hospital because it ensures a positive outcome for surgery-treated patients. From this point of view, it is important to use validated protocols in each specific clinical context and to pay attention to all the factors involved in the genesis of pain...In this study the analgesic benefit offered by different protocols of treatment of post-operative pain in 88 patients who underwent an operation of transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) has been evaluated. In addition to verifying the efficacy of different pharmacological therapies, we wanted to estimate the impact of providing the patients with detailed information before surgery on the following response to the analgesic therapy. Our present results demonstrate the validity of a therapeutic protocol based on the use of an opiate administered by continuous intravenous infusion and point out the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the patient with post-operative pain

Soil quality attributes related to urbanization in Brazilian watershed

In this study we investigated the variation of soil attributes according to urban-related land cover categories. The study was carried out in an urbanized watershed located in the Brazilian subtropical region (Sorocaba Municipality, Sao Paulo). Soil samples were collected considering the land cover category for analysis of physical, chemical and isotopic attributes. The land cover influenced the soils attributes. Soils from wooded and grassed areas presented significant differences, especially for values of C isotopes. Soil bulk density was significantly altered. According to considered land cover mosaic in the study, we estimated 10,241.28 tons of C stored in the thickness 20 cm of the watershed (whole area), and this amount is almost a half of the total potential of C storing in the watershed. We stress that projects of planned land cover should effectively implemented in urbanized regions to effectively contribute in storing more C and improving the soil-related ecosystem services

Passage Performance of two Cyprinids with Different Ecological Traits in a Fishway with Distinct Vertical Slot Configurations

The azimuthal cos{\phi} and cos2{\phi} modulations of the distribution of hadrons produced in unpolarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of electrons and positrons off hydrogen and deuterium targets have been measured in the HERMES experiment. For the first time these modulations were determined in a four-dimensional kinematic space for positively and negatively charged pions and kaons separately, as well as for unidentified hadrons. These azimuthal dependences are sensitive to the transverse motion and polarization of the quarks within the nucleon via, e.g., the Cahn, Boer-Mulders and Collins effects

Variabilidade e repetição operantes aprendidas após estímulos aversivos incontroláveis

O objetivo desse experimento foi verificar se a experiência prévia com eventos aversivos incontroláveis interfere na aprendizagem da variabilidade ou da repetição operantes. Ratos (n=45) tiveram a reposta de pressão à barra reforçada positivamente em CRF e FR 4, sendo depois divididos em três grupos, expostos a choques elétricos controláveis, incontroláveis ou nenhum choque. Em seguida, receberam nove a 12 sessões de reforçamento positivo para seqüências de quatro respostas de pressão a barra, em uma caixa com duas barras (direita - D e esquerda - E): metade dos sujeitos foi reforçada por variar (VAR) e metade por repetir uma mesma seqüência (REP). Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento prévio com choques não interferiu na aprendizagem dos padrões de variabilidade e de repetição, que foram dependentes apenas da contingência em vigor. Esses dados são contrários ao previsto pela hipótese do desamparo aprendido