A comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of silver diamine fluoride and silver nitrate: an in vitro study

A COMPARISON OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE AND SILVER NITRATE: AN IN VITRO STUDY By: Nicholas L Luke, D.D.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, May 2018 Thesis Advisor: William O. Dahlke Jr., D.M.D. Pediatric Dentistry, Department Chair Purpose: To determine the antimicrobial efficacy of SDF and SN/NaF. Methods: Three bacterial species were combined to create an in vitro biofilm. Treatment was completed with SN, SN/NaF, SDF, SDF½ or untreated (control). Results: The untreated group demonstrated significantly higher growth than all other treatment groups across the study. On the BHI-plates (1-day), there were significant differences between all treatments except SDF and SDF½. On the BHI-plates (3-days), SN/NaF was not significantly different from SDF or SDF½. On the L-MRS-plates (1-day), both SN treatment groups yielded significantly higher growth than the SDF groups. On the L-MRS-plates (3-days), SN yielded significantly higher growth than SN/NaF, SDF, and SDF½. Conclusion: SDF is more effective than SN/NaF, with the exception of BHI-plates (3-days) only and SN/NaF is more effective than SN on primarily S. mutans and L. acidophilus. There is evidence of a possible antimicrobial tolerance of oral bacteria to silver

The Materials Advantage of the SLS Selective Laser Sintering Process

The rapid prototyping market continues to progress in tenns of processes and materials used for the creation of conceptual and functional parts and prototype tooling. As this market continues to mature, the market leaders win be able to offer rapid prototyping processes and materials that provide parts which are accurate, have good surface finish, and provide properties which support fqnctional applications.. The materials used for these parts will be. polymers, metals, and ceramics. '. The strength oithe SLSTM Selective Laser Sintering Process is the. potential to use a wide variety of powdered materials for the creation of models, patterns, and some fonns of prototype tooling. ,This paper will cover the types of materials currently used in the SLS process and their inherent advantages.and discuss current research into the development of new materials.Mechanical Engineerin

The Visible Hand: Race and Online Market Outcomes

We examine the effect of race on market outcomes by selling iPods through local online classified advertisements throughout the United States in a year-long field experiment. Each ad features a photograph of the product being held by a dark- or light-skinned (“black” or “white”) hand. To provide context, we also consider a group of sellers against whom buyers might statistically discriminate for similar reasons: white sellers with wrist tattoos. Black sellers do worse than white sellers on a variety of market outcome measures: They receive 13% fewer responses and 17% fewer offers. These effects are strongest in the Northeast, and are similar in magnitude to those associated with the display of a wrist tattoo. Conditional on receiving at least one offer, black sellers also receive 2–4% lower offers, despite the selfselected—and presumably less biased—pool of buyers. In addition, buyers corresponding with black sellers exhibit lower trust: They are 17% less likely to include their name in e-mails, 44% less likely to accept delivery by mail, and 56% more likely to express concern about making a long-distance payment. We find evidence that black sellers suffer particularly poor outcomes in thin markets; it appears that discrimination may not “survive” in the presence of significant competition among buyers. Furthermore, black sellers do worst in the most racially isolated markets and markets with high property crime rates, consistent with channels through which we might expect statistical discrimination to operate.race, advertising

Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Agresivitas Pajak (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Pada Tahun 2012-2014)

This study aims to examine empirically the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR), return on asset (ROA), inventory intensity, and size of firm to tax aggressiveness. The population of this research was all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2012-2014. Sampling technique used was purposive sampling method. There were 190 companies that fulfilled the criteria of sampling. The result of this study showed that corporate social responsibility (CSR) and inventory intensity have negative significant influence to tax aggressivensess. Meanwhile, return on asset (ROA) and size of firm have positive significant relationship to tax aggressiveness

Numerical integration of nonlinear differential equations by use of rational approximation Final report, 15 Jan. 1965 - 14 Jul. 1967

Numerical integration of nonlinear differential equations by use of rational approximatio

Rational approximations to the solution of the second order Ricatti equation Technical report, 15 Jan. - 14 Oct. 1965

Rational approximations to solution of second order nonlinear Ricatti equation, using linear transformations - differential equations and operational calculu

The contribution of fatigue and sleepiness to depression in patients attending the sleep laboratory for evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea

Purpose: A high prevalence of depressive symptomatology has been reported amongst sufferers of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but it remains unclear as to whether this is due to their OSA or other factors associated with the disorder. The current study aimed to assess the incidence and aetiology of depression in a community sample of individuals presenting to the sleep laboratory for diagnostic assessment of OSA. Methods: Forty-five consecutive individuals who presented to the sleep laboratory were recruited; of those, 34 were diagnosed with OSA, and 11 were primary snorers with no clinical or laboratory features of OSA. Nineteen control subjects were also recruited. Patients and controls completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Profile of Mood States (POMS), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess their mood and sleepiness, prior to their polysomnography. Results: All patients reported significantly more depressive symptoms compared with healthy controls, regardless of their degree of OSA. There were no significant differences between OSA patients and primary snorers on any of the mood and self-rated sleepiness measures. Depression scores were not significantly associated with any of the nocturnal variables. Regression analysis revealed that the POMS fatigue subscale explained the majority of the variance in subjects' depression scores. Conclusions: Fatigue was the primary predictor of the level of depressive symptoms in patients who attended the sleep laboratory, regardless of the level of severity of sleep disordered breathing. When considering treatment options, practitioners should be aware of the concomitant occurrence of depressive symptoms and fatigue in patients presenting with sleep complaints, which may not be due to a sleep disorder