A petrological model for emplacement of the ultramafic Ni-Cu-PGE alpha complex, eastern Alaska Range

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2016The Alpha complex, also known as the Fish Lake complex, is a mineralized Ni-Cu-PGE (platinum group element) mafic-ultramafic intrusive complex located within the Wrangellia terrane in the Eastern Alaska Range. The complex, a 30-km long, 3-km wide, sill-form body, consists of alternating layers of dunite, wehrlite, and clinopyroxenite. Previous industry-led exploration has yet to converge on a geological model for the complex that adequately explains multiple aspects of the observed mineralization and crystallization patterns. Due to poor exposure and a lack of chilled margins, it is not immediately clear whether this is a single body or a multi-sill complex. I found that the complex consists of numerous individual sills ranging from 30-200 m thick. These can be identified based on the forsterite (Fo) component of olivine. Sills have primitive margins with high Fo contents in olivine that grade inwards to evolved cores with lower Fo olivine. Some of the sills have distinctly wehrlitic centers that were identifiable in the field. High Fo contents in olivine (up to Fo 87) and high Cr/(Cr+Al) in spinel (0.46-0.96) suggest a primitive basaltic parental magma. Individual zones in the complex contain clinopyroxene with a range of TiO₂ values; these TiO₂ values reflect the associated melt and can be used to differentiate between different magma series. Clinopyroxene compositions suggest three different magmatic compositions: a low-TiO₂ magma in the upper unit, an intermediate magma in the basal unit, and a high-TiO₂ magma in the central unit. Ultramafic sills in the upper unit contain the most primitive olivine with a range in MgO contents (Fo 87-83) and clinopyroxene with low-TiO₂ values (<0.4 wt.%). The central ultramafic sill has the most evolved olivine (Fo 84-79) compositions and clinopyroxene with high-TiO₂ values (up to 0.9 wt.%). The theoretical wt.% TiO₂ and Mg number (Mg/(Mg+Fe²+)) of the parental melts were calculated from clinopyroxene compositions and they suggest that the low-TiO₂ sills are similar to the Lower Nikolai basalt, and the high-TiO₂ sills are similar to the high-TiO₂ Upper Nikolai basalt. Intermediate TiO₂ compositions in clinopyroxene and disequilibrium compositions in olivine in the basal sills indicate an origin from magmatic mixing. One sample has a bimodal olivine phenocryst assemblage, with one group averaging Fo 80.5 and the other group averaging Fo 82.5. This sample is nearby another sample with high-MgO olivine (Fo 86). These compositions may record multiple magmatic inputs from mixing of the Lower Nikolai magma series with the Upper Nikolai magma series. PGE ratios record two distinct Pt versus Pd trends: a low Pd:Pt trend and a high Pd:Pt trend. Elevated Pd in the Upper Nikolai basalt and low Pd in the Lower Nikolai basalt suggest high Pd in the central sill is related to crystallization from the Upper Nikolai basalt. When exploring for sills with high PGE content, high-TiO₂ contents in clinopyroxene may be a good indicator of whether or not a sill has the potential to host elevated PGE mineralization

How the FTC Could Beat Google

The U.S. Federal Trade Commission is rumored to be deciding whether to bring a “pure Section 5” case against Google as a result of complaints that the company unfairly favors its own offerings over those of its rivals in its search results. But the case will fail miserably at the hands of a reviewing court and the agency will be confined to relatively non-controversial enforcement violations if the FTC fails to impose upon itself a tightly bounded and constrained legal framework that contains clear limiting principles. The only way a court will allow the FTC to pursue a pure Section 5 theory against Google would be if the agency constrains itself with a coherent principle of competitive harm: the consumer choice framework. This brief piece only summarizes the underlying issues. Readers interested in more information about the expansive use of Section 5 of the FTC Act should consult \u27FTC v. Intel: Applying the \u27Consumer Choice\u27 Framework to \u27Pure\u27 Section 5 Allegations.\u27 Readers interested in more information about the Consumer Choice approach to competition and consumer protection law should consult \u27Using the \u27Consumer Choice\u27 Approach to Antitrust Law.\u2

Genetic Relationship of Banana at Bandarlampung City Based on the Number of Chromosome and Genom Type

A banana was rank 4th as food consumed by the world community after rice, wheat, and corn. Identification and characterization were important steps to explore the potential and important value of this plant. This study aims to obtain the kinship profile of banana germplasm in Bandarlampung City based on the number of chromosomes and their genome types. Characterization of banana accession is done by observing the morphological characteristics referring to 15 characters from Simmonds and Shepherd with the expected score of genomic determinants modified by Silayoi and Camchalow. The results of dendrogram analysis showed that on a scale of 20-23 obtained 2 groups of banana accessions. The first group consisted of 7 accessions of bananas, namely Kepok Kapas, Kepok Manado, Kepok Kuning, Rabig, Kepok Batu, Raja Sajen, and Pisang Batu. The second group consisted of 15 accessions, namely Kepok Abu, Horn, Thousand, Janten, Mas Kuning, Mas, Muli, Rejang, Ambon Lumut, Papan, Cavendish, Ambon Kuning, Morosebo, Rajah Sereh, and Raja Nangka. Whereas 4 accessions, namely Ambon Australia, Kepok Lebanon, Kidang and Raja Bakar, could not be analyzed for their kinship because the data collection of the banana generative phase had passed or had not yet entered the generative phase. Whereas 1 accession, namely Musa ornate, is believed to be included in the Rhodhoclamys section so that the genome type cannot be determined. Based on group analysis obtained 2 large groups at a scale distance of 20-23. At a smaller scale distance of 10 obtained a subgroup with a large number of members

Born's rule from measurements of classical signals by threshold detectors which are properly calibrated

The very old problem of the statistical content of quantum mechanics (QM) is studied in a novel framework. The Born's rule (one of the basic postulates of QM) is derived from theory of classical random signals. We present a measurement scheme which transforms continuous signals into discrete clicks and reproduces the Born's rule. This is the sheme of threshold type detection. Calibration of detectors plays a crucial role.Comment: The problem of double clicks is resolved; hence, one can proceed in purely wave framework, i.e., the wave-partcile duality has been resolved in favor of the wave picture of prequantum realit

The homestake surface-underground scintillations: Description

Two new detectors are currently under construction at the Homestake Gold Mine a 140-ton Large Area Scintillation Detector (LASD) with an upper surface area of 130 square meters, a geometry factor (for an isotropic flux) of 1200 square meters, sr, and a depth of 4200 m.w.e.; and a surface air shower array consisting of 100 scintillator elements, each 3 square meters, spanning an area of approximately square kilometers. Underground, half of the LASD is currently running and collecting muon data; on the surface, the first section of the air shower array will begin operation in the spring of 1985. The detectors and their capabilities are described

Fermi-LAT Detection of a Break in the Gamma-Ray Spectrum of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A

We report on observations of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A in the energy range from 100 MeV to 100 GeV using 44 months of observations from the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We perform a detailed spectral analysis of this source and report on a low-energy break in the spectrum at $1.72^{+1.35}_{-0.89}$ GeV. By comparing the results with models for the gamma-ray emission, we find that hadronic emission is preferred for the GeV energy range.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, to be published in Ap

Effect of Citric Acid, Aluminum and IT's Interaction in the Seedling Growth of Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Varietas Anjasmoro

The objective of this research was to know whether citric acid was able to decrease effect of aluminum on the seedling growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) varietas anjasmoro. The experiment was conducted in Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Lampung University on January 2016 in 2x3 factorial designs. Factor A was aluminum with 2 levels : 0 mM and 5 mM. Factor B was citric acid with 3 levels : 0 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM. Variables in this research were fress weight, dry weight, relative water content and total chlorophyll content. Analysis of variance was conducted at 5% significant level. If interaction was not significant, main effect was determined with lsd test at 5% significant level. If interaction was significant simple effect was determined with F test at 5% significant level. The result showed that the citric acid decreased fress weight, dry weight, relative water content and no effect on total chlorophyll content while aluminum did not affect all variables and no interaction between citric acid and aluminum on all variables. It is concluded that citric acid was not able to inprove seedling growth of soybean varietas anjasmoro with aluminum or no aluminum

Efektivitas Ekstrak Daging Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) Dalam Penurunan Indeks Browning Dari Umbi Kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pineapple fruit extract can inhibit theprocess of browning on the potato tubers. This study used Completely Randomized Design(RAL) with 5 levels of pineapple fruit concentration of 0% v/v, 25% v/v. 50% v/v, 75% v/v,and 100% v/v and consist of 5 replications. Qualitative Parameters in this study was the colosurface of potato tubers while quantitative parameters were browning index, total soluble carbohydrate content, and dehydrogenase enzyme activity homogeneity of variance, analysisof variance, and Tukey test were conducted at 5% significant level. Correlations betweendependent and independent variables were determined by linear regression. The resultshowed that the color surface of potato tuber treated with the concentration of pineappleextract 100% v/v was less brown than control and other concentrations. Index browning ofpotato tuber treated with concentration 75% v/v and 100% v/v was significantly decreased. Concentration of pineapple extract was negative linearly correlated to browning index ofpotato tubers. The concentration of pineapple extract 100% v/v increased significantly totalsoluble carbohydrate of potato tubers. The concentration of pineapple extract was positivelinearly correlated to total soluble carbohydrate. The activity of dehydrogenase enzyme ofpotato tuber treated with concentration 100% v/v was significantly increased. Theconcentration of pineapple extract was quadratic correlated to the activity of dehydrogenaseenzyme

Keanekaragaman Jenis Jamur Pada Tanaman Kopi (Coffea Spp.) Di Bandar Lampung

Kopi merupakan tanaman tropis yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, namun rentan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit, diantaranya jamur. Jamur dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bahkan menyebabkan kematian pada organ tanaman kopi. Penelitian tentang jamur yang terdapat pada tanaman kopi di Bandar Lampung belum banyak dilakukan, sehingga informasi tentang keanekaragamannya sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jamur pada tanaman kopi di Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di laboratorium Botani Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Lampung. Bagian tanaman kopi yang diduga terinfeksi oleh jamur diambil dari beberapa perkebunan kopi di Bandar Lampung. Dari penelitian ditemukan 19 jenis jamur pada tanaman kopi 18 jenis jamur diantaranya merupakan anggota kelas Deuteromycetes dan satu jenis jamur merupakan kelas Ascomycetes. Berdasarkan pada bagian tanaman yang terserang; 8 jenis jamur pada daun, 4 jenis jamur pada batang, 1 jenis jamur pada ranting, 2 jenis jamur pada akar dan 3 jenis jamur pada buah