Механизмы психологической защиты и стратегии совладания со стрессом матерей, имеющих детей, страдающих церебральным параличом

The problem of studying adaptive potential of mothers who have children with cerebral paralysis is considered which may be useful for the choice of diagnosis and preventive accesses in the framework of preventive measures directed to the prevention of disturbances of personality and diseases under stress events of life. Analysis data of mechanisms’ structure of psychological defense in the age dynamics compared to control group of women having healthy children. Psychological adaptive mechanisms are differentiated which help to transform negative internal emotions into more adequate form taking into account specificity of the situation in which mothers with such children are. Mechanisms of controlling behavior are revealed which have preventive function and increase personal resources of women-mother in the situation of stress events which are associated with her child disease.Рассматривается проблема изучения адаптивного потенциала матерей, имеющих детей, страдающих церебральным параличом, что может быть полезным для выбора диагностических и профилактических подходов в рамках превентивных мер, направленных на предупреждение личностных нарушений и заболеваний под влиянием стрессовых событий жизни. Показано, что с возрастом детей с детским церебральным параличом (ДЦП) в материнской выборке увеличивается число лиц с симптомами пограничных психических расстройств. Представлены данные анализа структуры механизмов психологической защиты в возрастной динамике в сравнении с контрольной группой женщин, воспитывающих здоровых детей. Выделены психологические адаптивные механизмы, помогающие трансформировать негативные внутренние переживания в наиболее адекватную форму с учетом специфики ситуации, в которой находятся матери детей с ДЦП. Выявлены механизмы совладающего поведения, выполняющие предохраняющую функцию и усиливающие личностные ресурсы женщины-матери в ситуации стрессовых событий, связанных с болезнью ребенка

Adaptability and personality change in a difficult situation,subject autonomy and sociotropy: Experimental and theoretical aspects

© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The actuality problems of adaptation in modern conditions is determined by attention to the exploration of human resources to overcome difficult life situations. The purpose of this article is to discuss the hypothetical ideas of individual determinants of the coping difficult situations,the mechanisms of the changingpersonality with stable individual characteristics of “autonomy” and “sociotropy”. Leading method is a method of theoretical and empirical analysis of experimental data. Were obtained results about the role of autonomy (independence) and sociotropii (dependence on public approval) in choosing coping strategies the adaptability. Confirmed that a difficult situation can significantly influence on personality change,in particular,in particular,neurasthenic,anxious-phobic syndromes and disorders adaptation .It was found the importance of self-regulation in determining individual resource adaptability for autonomous and for sociotropic types. It is confirmed that in a difficult situation the adaptive relationships and emotions of “sociotropic” subjects are unstable; the individual resource of self-regulationmainly manifests itself in the form of adaptive copings in accordance with the specifics of border changes of personality. It was found that “autonomous” have are more robust indicators of emotional sphere and adaptive relationship in difficult situations due to the preparedness to change and overcome the stereotype of presentation; it turned out that autonomy and awareness are resource of self-regulation behaviorentities in the choice behavioral strategies toovercome and adaptation,taking into account the conditions of the situation. The results presented in the paper could help psychologists,physicians,researchers in their scientific pursuits,and other specialists investigating the problem of individual resources and individual resources of human adaptation

АЛГОРИТМ ПОДБОРА ТЕХНИКИ ДЛЯ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОПЕРАЦИЙ В РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВЕ

When selecting machinery to perform technological operations in crop production, it is necessary to take many factors into account. With the aim in mind, the algorithm «AGROTECH» is developed to accompany machine agrotechnologies for the production of crop stuffs (by the example of spring wheat cultivation) on the level of argicultural enterprise. The algorithm «AGROTECH-1» provides for the following: inlet initial data (information about field – type of predecessor; area of the field; type of technological operation; agrotechnical dates; fuel and lubrication stock (FLS) costs; social demographic factor – demand for high qualified farm machine operators; class and payment rate for the operator (number of working hours per shift). Formation of the optimal machine and tractor fleet under individual production and farming conditions of farm commodity producers is carried out by selecting machinery on the basis of information analysis for three parameters; number of working days required for the job (in rational agrotechnical dates); minimal fuel and lubrication stock consumption; economic costs including depreciation, repairing costs, technical service expenses; FLS costs; job payment fund. Recommendations to set up the optimal machine and tractor fleet (MTF) for a separate operation are designed based on considering individual production and farming conditions of a farm commodity producer; machinery available on the farm, new generation machinery employed on the farm, and social demographic factor (high qualified personnel supply). The «Algorithm-1» adaptation to a certain farm is resolved by using the database that has the information about machinery, operations performed and about economic indexes, such as balance cost for machinery, depreciation percentage, and payment rate for farm workers and farm machine operators for the farm concerned. To set up and edit attributive data bases the algorithm «Editor» is designed. The algorithms have block structure, which makes it easier to develop software aimed at its updating and unifying as well as at introducing additional functions.При подборе техники для выполнения технологических операций в растениеводстве необходимо учитывать множество факторов. С этой целью разработан алгоритм «АГРОТЕХ-1» для сопровождения машинных агротехнологий производства продукции растениеводства (на примере возделывания яровой пшеницы) на уровне сельскохозяйственного предприятия. В  алгоритме «АГРОТЕХ-1» предусмотрено следующее: ввод исходных данных (информация о  поле  – тип предшественника; площадь поля; вид технологической операции; агротехнические сроки; стоимость горючесмазочных материалов (ГСМ); социально-демографический фактор – потребность в квалифицированных механизаторах; разряд и ставка механизаторов; количество часов в смену. Алгоритм «АГРОТЕХ-1» позволяет осуществлять рациональный подбор техники, используя машинно-тракторный парк (МТП), имеющийся в хозяйстве, а также высокопроизводительную технику нового поколения для технологических операций. Это позволяет значительно улучшить качество работы агронома и повысить точность принимаемых им решений. Рациональный подбор техники осуществляется на основе анализа информации по трем параметрам: количеству дней, необходимых для работы (в рациональные агротехнические сроки); минимальному расходу ГСМ; экономическим затратам, включая амортизацию, стоимость ремонта, технического обслуживания и ГСМ, фонд заработной платы. Рекомендации по формированию рационального со- става МТП выводятся на основе учета индивидуальных производственно-хозяйственных условий сельхозтоваропроизводителя; имеющейся в  хозяйстве техники и  использования техники нового поколения и социально-демографического фактора (обеспеченности квалифицированными кадрами). Адаптация алгоритма «АГРОТЕХ-1» осуществляется путем подключения базы данных, сформированной для машинно-тракторного парка конкретного хозяйства и содержит информацию о технике, выполняемых операциях, об экономических показателях, таких как балансовая стоимость техники, процент амортизации, ставки рабочих и механизаторов и т. д. Для создания и редактирования атрибутивных баз данных разработан алгоритм «Редактор»

The role of the gut microbiota in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus

At the beginning of the XXI century, with the advent of technical capabilities and new methods of genes sequencing, the attention of researchers to the study of the human metagenome has significantly increased. The interaction between changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the gut microbiota (GM) and various diseases is being actively studied, a search for specific metabolites and genes of microorganisms that may be associated with the development, in particular, of immune-mediated diseases is underway. In recent years, a lot of new data have been published on the possible contribution of gut flora dysbiosis to the development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), while the first assumptions were put forward as far back as 1970s. The search for pathogenetic mechanisms of GM influence on the development and progression of T1DM is becoming an increasingly relevant objective, since in recent years the incidence of T1DM is rapidly increasing, which is a serious health problem throughout the world.This review discusses the current ideas about the role of GM in the immunopathogenesis of T1DM, new data on the near-term prospects in the study of the human macrogenome, current ideas about the role of GM in the immunopathogenesis of T1DM, and the possibility of applying this knowledge by the practitioner

Continuous and non-invasive thermography of mouse skin accurately describes core body temperature patterns, but not absolute core temperature

Body temperature is an important physiological parameter in many studies of laboratory mice. Continuous assessment of body temperature has traditionally required surgical implantation of a telemeter, but this invasive procedure adversely impacts animal welfare. Near-infrared thermography provides a non-invasive alternative by continuously measuring the highest temperature on the outside of the body (Tskin), but the reliability of these recordings as a proxy for continuous core body temperature (Tcore) measurements has not been assessed. Here, Tcore (30 s resolution) and Tskin (1 s resolution) were continuously measured for three days in mice exposed to ad libitum and restricted feeding conditions. We subsequently developed an algorithm that optimised the reliability of a Tskin-derived estimate of Tcore. This identified the average of the maximum Tskin per minute over a 30-min interval as the optimal way to estimate Tcore. Subsequent validation analyses did however demonstrate that this Tskin-derived proxy did not provide a reliable estimate of the absolute Tcore due to the high between-animal variability in the relationship between Tskin and Tcore. Conversely, validation showed that Tskin-derived estimates of Tcore reliably describe temporal patterns in physiologically-relevant Tcore changes and provide an excellent measure to perform within-animal comparisons of relative changes in Tcore

Свойства и структурные особенности белков нативных и модифицированных концентратов из белого и коричневого риса

The physicochemical properties and structural features of proteins of concentrates (PC) from white and brown rice are described. Differences in a degree of proteolysis and the relationship between the functional and technological properties of proteins and their structure were established. Proteins from white rice had lower molecular weights (MW) than proteins from brown rice: 1.3–199.5 kDa versus 1.5–251.1 kDa. Most proteins were grouped in three low-molecular-weight fractions (МW 11.7–27.5 kDa) in PC from white rice and in one fraction with the high molecular weight (182–251.1 kDa) in PC from brown rice. In the process of hydrolysis, the MW of proteins (high-molecular-weight) of PC from white rice decreased from 199.5 to 120.2 kDa with generation of peptides with a molecular weight of <1.3 kDa, while the MW remained unchanged upon hydrolysis of proteins of PC from brown rice. In the composition of PC from white rice, flavonoids interacted with protein fractions with molecular weights of 131, 10, and 4.0 kDa; while in PC from brown rice, they interacted with only one fraction with a molecular weight of 216 kDa. The quantity of flavonoids in PC from white rice was 2.3 times less than that in PC from brown rice. Elements of protein secondary structure were established for PC: α–helix, 310 — helix, β-structure, β-bends, and irregular shape. Proteolysis of proteins was accompanied by a decrease in the number of α-helices, increase in the proportion of β-structures and irregular regions, weakening of the hydrophobic properties of proteins and an increase in the number of S–S bonds; PC from brown rice was characterized by a higher content of –СН2  groups from the flavonoid family, as well as by a higher degree of unsaturation of groups of benzene nuclei, ketone and ester groups. A negative correlation was found between the foaming ability of PC and the upper boundaries of molecular weights (r = — 0.95), quantity of high-molecular weight proteins (r = — 0.80) and aggregation constants, and a positive correlation (r = + 0.8) with the number of S–S bonds. The high foaming ability is interrelated with proteins with a molecular weight of no more than 120 kDa. The results are intended to regulate the functional properties of protein products based on the characteristics of the physicochemical properties of native and modified proteins.Описаны физико-химические свойства и структурные особенности белков концентратов (БК) из белого и коричневого риса. Установлены отличия в степени протеолиза и взаимосвязь функционально-технологических свойств белков с их структурой. Белки из белого риса имели более низкие молекулярные массы (ММ), чем белки из коричневого риса: 1,3–199,5 кДа против 1,5–251,1 кДа. У БК из белого риса большая часть белков сосредоточена в 3 низкомолекулярных фракциях (ММ 11,7–27,5 кДа), тогда как у БК из коричневого риса — в одной с высокой ММ (182–251,1 кДа). В процессе гидролиза ММ белков (ВМ) БК из белого риса понижались с 199,5 до 120,2 кДа с образованием пептидов с ММ < 1,3 кДа, тогда как при гидролизе белков БК из коричневого риса ММ не изменялись. В составе БК из белого риса флавоноиды взаимодействовали с фракциями белков с ММ 131, 10 и 4,0 кДа, а в БК из коричневого риса — только с одной фракцией с ММ 216 кДа. Количество флавоноидов в БК из белого риса в 2,3 раза меньше, чем в БК из коричневого риса. Для БК установлены элементы вторичной структуры белков: α — спираль, 310 — спираль, β–структура, β–изгибы и неупорядоченная форма. Протеолиз белков сопровождался уменьшением α-спиралей, увеличением β-структуры и нерегулярных участков, ослаблением гидрофобных свойств белков и повышением количества S–S связей: БК из коричневого риса характеризовались большим содержанием –СН2 групп семейства флавоноидов, а также более высокой степенью ненасыщенности групп бензольных ядер, кетонных и сложноэфирных группировок. Выявлена отрицательная корреляция между пенообразующей способностью БК и верхними границами значений ММ (r = — 0,95), количеством ВМ белков (r = — 0,80) и константами агрегации (r = — 0,8 и — 1,0) и положительная корреляция (r = + 0,8) — с количеством S–S связей. Высокая пенообразующая способность взаимосвязана с белками с ММ не более 120 кДа. Результаты предназначены для регулирования функциональных свойств белковых продуктов на основе особенностей физико-химических свойств нативных и модифицированных белков

Postcholecystectomy syndrome: pathogenetic and clinical aspects of problem

The authors summarize and systematize literature data post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCES). The main underlying pathogenetic links of different functional disturbs and organic pathology were considered. Necessity of this nosologic unit common diagnostic algorithm elaboration was proved by own and literature data analysing.В статье обобщены и систематизированы данные литературы о постхолецистэктомическом синдроме (ПХЭС). Рассмотрены основные патогенетические звенья различных функциональных нарушений и органической патологии, лежащих в основе его развития. На основании проведенного анализа литературных данных обосновывается необходимость выработки единого диагностического алгоритма этой нозологической единицы

Mouse hitchhiker mutants have spina bifida, dorso-ventral patterning defects and polydactyly: identification of Tulp3 as a novel negative regulator of the Sonic hedgehog pathway

The mammalian Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway is essential for embryonic development and the patterning of multiple organs. Disruption or activation of Shh signalling leads to multiple birth defects, including holoprosencephaly, neural tube defects and polydactyly, and in adults results in tumours of the skin or central nervous system. Genetic approaches with model organisms continue to identify novel components of the pathway, including key molecules that function as positive or negative regulators of Shh signalling. Data presented here define Tulp3 as a novel negative regulator of the Shh pathway. We have identified a new mouse mutant that is a strongly hypomorphic allele of Tulp3 and which exhibits expansion of ventral markers in the caudal spinal cord, as well as neural tube defects and preaxial polydactyly, consistent with increased Shh signalling. We demonstrate that Tulp3 acts genetically downstream of Shh and Smoothened (Smo) in neural tube patterning and exhibits a genetic interaction with Gli3 in limb development. We show that Tulp3 does not appear to alter expression or processing of Gli3, and we demonstrate that transcriptional regulation of other negative regulators (Rab23, Fkbp8, Thm1, Sufu and PKA) is not affected. We discuss the possible mechanism of action of Tulp3 in Shh-mediated signalling in light of these new data

Adaptability and personality change in a difficult situation,subject autonomy and sociotropy: Experimental and theoretical aspects

© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The actuality problems of adaptation in modern conditions is determined by attention to the exploration of human resources to overcome difficult life situations. The purpose of this article is to discuss the hypothetical ideas of individual determinants of the coping difficult situations,the mechanisms of the changingpersonality with stable individual characteristics of “autonomy” and “sociotropy”. Leading method is a method of theoretical and empirical analysis of experimental data. Were obtained results about the role of autonomy (independence) and sociotropii (dependence on public approval) in choosing coping strategies the adaptability. Confirmed that a difficult situation can significantly influence on personality change,in particular,in particular,neurasthenic,anxious-phobic syndromes and disorders adaptation .It was found the importance of self-regulation in determining individual resource adaptability for autonomous and for sociotropic types. It is confirmed that in a difficult situation the adaptive relationships and emotions of “sociotropic” subjects are unstable; the individual resource of self-regulationmainly manifests itself in the form of adaptive copings in accordance with the specifics of border changes of personality. It was found that “autonomous” have are more robust indicators of emotional sphere and adaptive relationship in difficult situations due to the preparedness to change and overcome the stereotype of presentation; it turned out that autonomy and awareness are resource of self-regulation behaviorentities in the choice behavioral strategies toovercome and adaptation,taking into account the conditions of the situation. The results presented in the paper could help psychologists,physicians,researchers in their scientific pursuits,and other specialists investigating the problem of individual resources and individual resources of human adaptation