Het slot Zeist en zijn bewoners vanaf 1745 tot 1924

At the time of its completion in 1686 Zeist castle was the most prestigious project ever realised on the range of hills near Utrecht ('Utrechtse Heuvelrug'). By this project commissioner Willem Adriaan van Nassau-Odijk rivalled with his second cousin, king-stadtholder Willem III, who had made a start with the renovation of Het Loo in the same period. After having been owned by the Van Nassau-Odijk family for sixty years, 'Huys van Zeyst' with the large park and the surrounding grounds was sold to the Zeist Community of the Moravian Brethren in 1745. So far, the history of Zeist castle between 1745 and 1924, the year when private occupation definitely came to an end, has not been sufficiently elucidated. Various publications appeared on its construction in the 17th century and restoration in the sixties of the 20th century. The intervening period appears to have been much more varied than assumed so far. It is more than the history of an extraordinary building, more than the development of a park, more than a family history. With its sale in 1745 the use of the house changed. The successive owners did not live there themselves, but rented out the building in parts. Initially all this did not have many consequences for the layout of the garden. That did not happen until after 1830, when the house and part of the park came into possession of the Huydecoper family. During the Huydecopers' ownership the formal park was given a landscape layout by J.D. Zocher Jnr. The house was also radically dealt with, refurnished and made suitable for occupation by one family. Sales notes, inventories of the furnishings and photographs provide information on the use of and changes in the house. Prints and drawings evoke an image of the park in the 18th and 19th centuries and give an impression of the layout and type of planting. Although the Huydecoper family did not live in Zeist castle all year through, it appears from the inventory of the furnishings that the lord of Zeist lived in great style and used all the rooms in the house intensively. This style of living was continued by their successors, the Labouchere family and did not terminate until 1924, when the castle was purchased by the municipality of Zeist. The presence of the castle and its layout were decisive for the development of the surroundings. The structure of the 17th-century park is still visible under the 18th- and 19th-century alterations and the 20th-century buildings. The fact that in 1830 J.E. Huydecoper had not acquired the entire former Nassau property - it had already been sold in parts previously, in 1818 - made a new development possible. The various buyers who had been able to secure a part, could realise their own country estate there, a house with annexes in a park layout. This was to be the start of a boom in the Utrecht range of hills, later known as 'De Stichtse Lustwarande' (pleasure grounds), the layout of a belt of country estates from De Bilt to far beyond Doorn, with a high concentration in Zeist

Maarsbergen. Van proosdijhuis tot kasteel

Maarsbergen castle is one of the few large houses in the range of hills called 'Utrechtse Heuvelrug' that are still privately occupied. The history of the house dates back to 1134. It was built as deanery of monastic outbuildings of the abbey of Berne. In 1656 Maarsbergen passed into private hands and continued to be so up to the present day. On the basis of drawings and maps from the 17th century onwards the history of the historical building and its surroundings were reconstructed. Some building-historical research carried out in 1998 shed light on the oldest physically present building mass and confirmed renovations that were to be inferred from historical representations. Notarial deeds clarified and specified the sales and income for the owners. However, with the exception of those of 1613, inventories could not be retrieved, so that the question how people lived at Maarsbergen before the 20th century could not be answered. Nor were direct data available, such as building specifications before the 20th century. In this respect Maarsbergen does not differ from most houses in the Utrecht range of hills. In 1882 the Godin de Beaufort family acquired Maarsbergen. Just as their predecessors they renovated and improved the house. Unlike their predecessors, they did not exchange these renovations and contemporary improvements for a more modern perception of living later on. The historical addition of the two towers dates from 1930. Since this date their furnishing has hardly been altered. In this respect Maarsbergen does differ from the other houses in the Utrecht range of hills. It is unique and exceptional that the historical layout, fitting up as well as the furniture of a house have been preserved, are appreciated and still used. The house is a historical record from which the history of the 15th to 20th century can be read. The same applies for the park. Underneath the 19th-century landscape park the structure of the 17th-century layout is still visible. Particularly because the country estate is privately owned, this history is respected and maintained by the way of management. This requires quite some effort, resourcefulness and unconditional devotion on the part of the owners. If this should no longer be the case, it will mean the end of a 'complete' country estate, a place where the living culture can still be experienced in all its facets

Vollenhoven. Het ontstaan van een lusthof op de Utrechtse Heuvelrug in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw

Vollenhoven in De Bilt is one of the country estates that earned the region between Utrecht and Wageningen the name 'Stichtse Lustwarande' (pleasure grounds). The country estate consists of a distinguished residence, a landscape park with various ancillary buildings such as an orangery, a coach house and an ice house, the house of the master carpenter, as well as a very beautiful vegetable garden with glasshouses. Vollenhoven has had a long series of proprietors; it seldom remained in one and the same family for longer than one generation. As many of the proprietors contributed to the development of the country estate, its history cannot be summarized in a few lines. However, two of the earlier proprietors have particularly left their mark on the country estate and the structures erected on it: Pieter de Smeth van Alphen and Goderd van der Capellen van Berkenwoude. Until recently little was known about the development of the country estate in the nineteenth century. From the seventeenth century there had already been a building here, a small farmhouse. It is assumed that the house in its present appearance was realized in the nineteenth century. B.W.H. Ziesenis, who worked in the region around 1800, is suggested as the architect. Hendrik van Lunteren seems to be the most likely architect of the landscape park, but there was no solid evidence of this. His name was correctly linked with it, as appears from Van Lunteren’s original draft map for the landscape park from around 1828, which was discovered in the attic of Vollenhoven in 2005. It also appeared that there had been a park with a landscape layout previously. This raises new questions, for instance, whether several layers are to be distinguished in the landscape park and when it started to acquire the qualities of a landscape. Among the residents of Vollenhoven tradition has it that in the early nineteenth century Pieter de Smeth was the founder of the house and the park and that Goderd van der Capellen expanded and completed the country estate. In this article the development of Vollenhoven from a simple farmhouse into a pleasure garden is described on the basis of records, inventories and comparisons of historical maps and literature

The Line Emission Region in III Zw 2: Kinematics and Variability

We have studied the Ly-al, Hbeta, Halpha and Mg II2798 line profiles of the Seyfert 1 galaxy III Zw 2. The shapes of these broad emission lines show evidence of a multicomponent origin and also features which may be identified as the peaks due to a rotating disk. We have proposed a two-component Broad Line Region (BLR) model consisting of an inner Keplerian relativistic disk and an outer structure surrounding the disk. The results of the fitting of the four Broad Emission Lines (BELs) here considered, are highly consistent in both the inner and outer component parameters. Adopting a mass of approx. 2 E8 sollar masses for the central object we found that the outer radius of the disk is approximately equal for the four considered lines (approx 0.01 pc). However, the inner radius of the disk is not the same: 0.0018 pc for Ly-alpha, 0.0027 pc for Mg II, and 0.0038 pc for the Balmer lines. This as well as the relatively broad component present in the blue wings of the narrow [OIII] lines indicate stratification in the emission-line region. Using long-term Hbeta observations (1972-1990, 1998) we found a flux variation of the BEL with respect to the [OIII] lines.Comment: ApJ, accepted, 22 pages, 10 figure

Hyperthermic Isolated Limb Perfusion with TNF α and Cisplatin in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma of the Extremities: A Feasibility Study in Healthy Dogs

Purpose. The feasibility of hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (HILP) with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα ) and cisplatin for the management of osteosarcoma was studied in the canine model

Short-term emission line and continuum variations in Mrk110

We present results of a variability campaign of Mrk110 performed with the 9.2-m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) at McDonald Observatory. The high S/N spectra cover most of the optical range. They were taken from 1999 November through 2000 May. The average interval between the observations was 7.3 days and the median interval was only 3.0 days. Mrk110 is a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy. During our campaign the continuum flux was in a historically low stage. Considering the delays of the emission lines with respect to the continuum variations we could verify an ionization stratification of the BLR. We derived virial masses of the central black hole from the radial distances of the different emission lines and from their widths. The calculated central masses agree within 20%. Furthermore, we identified optical HeI singlet emission lines emitted in the broad-line region. The observed line fluxes agree with theoretical predictions. We show that a broad wing on the red side of the [OIII]5007 line is caused by the HeI singlet line at 5016A.Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures, A&A Latex. Accepted for publication in A&A Main Journa

Differences in organization of care are associated with mortality, severe complication and failure to rescue in emergency colon cancer surgery

Background: Emergency colon cancer surgery is associated with increased mortality and complication risk, which can be due to differences in the organization of hospital care. This study aimed.Objective: To explore which structural factors in the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative periods influence outcomes after emergency colon cancer surgery.Methods: An observational study was performed in 30 Dutch hospitals. Medical records from 1738 patients operated in the period 2012 till 2015 were reviewed on the type of referral, intensive care unit (ICU) level, surgeon specialization and experience, duration of surgery and operating room time, blood loss, stay on specialized postoperative ward, complication occurrence, reintervention and day of surgery and linked to case-mix data available in the Dutch Colorectal Audit. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the influence of these factors on 30-day mortality, severe complication and failure to rescue (FTR), after adjustment for case-mix.Results: Patients operated by a non-Gastro intestinal/oncology specialized surgeon have significantly increased mortality (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.28 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.23-4.23]) and severe complication risk (OR 1.61 [95% CI 1.08-2.39]). Also, duration of stay in the operating room was significantly associated with increased risk on severe complication (OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.01-1.06]). Patients admitted to a non-specialized ward have significantly increased mortality (OR 2.25 [95% CI 1.46-3.47]) and FTR risk (OR 2.39 [95% CI 1.52-3.75]). A low ICU level (basic ICU) was associated with a lower severe complication risk (OR 0.72 [95% CI 0.52-1.00]). Surgery on Tuesday was associated with a higher mortality risk (OR 2.82 [95% CI 1.24-6.40]) and a severe complication risk (OR 1.77, [95% CI 1.19-2.65]).Conclusion: This study identified a non-specialized surgeon and ward, operating room, time and day of surgery to be risk factors for worse outcomes in emergency colon cancer surgery.Analysis and support of clinical decision makin

Raman Scattered He II λ\lambda 6545 Line in the Symbiotic Star V1016 Cygni

We present a spectrum of the symbiotic star V1016 Cyg observed with the 3.6 m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, in order to illustrate a method to measure the covering factor of the neutral scattering region around the giant component with respect to the hot emission region around the white dwarf component. In the spectrum, we find broad wings around H$\alpha$ and a broad emission feature around 6545${\rm \AA}$ that is blended with the [N II]$\lambda$ 6548 line. These two features are proposed to be formed by Raman scattering by atomic hydrogen, where the incident radiation is proposed to be UV continuum radiation around Ly$\beta$ in the former case and He II $\lambda$ 1025 emission line arising from $n=6\to n=2$ transitions for the latter feature. We remove the H$\alpha$ wings by a template Raman scattering wing profile and subtract the [N II] $\lambda$ 6548 line using the 3 times stronger [N II] $\lambda$ 6583 feature in order to isolate the He II Raman scattered 6545 \AA line. We obtain the flux ratio $F_{6545}/F_{6560}=0.24$ of the He II $\lambda$ 6560 emission line and the 6545 \AA feature for V1016 Cyg. Under the assumption that the He II emission from this object is isotropic, this ratio is converted to the ratio $\Phi_{6545}/\Phi_{1025}=0.17$ of the number of the incident photons and that of the scattered photons. This implies that the scattering region with H I column density $N_{HI}\ge 10^{20}{\rm cm^{-2}}$ covers 17 per cent of the emission region. By combining the presumed binary period $\sim 100$ yrs of this system we infer that a significant fraction of the slow stellar wind from the Mira component is ionized and that the scattering region around the Mira extends a few tens of AU, which is closely associated with the mass loss process of the Mira component.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

CD4-positive T cells and M2 macrophages dominate the peritoneal infiltrate of patients with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis

Background Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a severe complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Previously, it has been shown that infiltrating CD4-positive T cells and M2 macrophages are associated with several fibrotic conditions. Therefore, the characteristics of the peritoneal cell infiltrate in EPS may be of interest to understand EPS pathogenesis. In this study, we aim to elucidate the composition of the peritoneal cell infiltrate in EPS patients and relate the findings to clinical outcome. Study Design, Setting, and Participants We studied peritoneal membrane biopsies of 23 EPS patients and compared them to biopsies of 15 PD patients without EPS. The cellular infiltrate was characterized by immunohistochemistry to detect T cells(CD3-positive), CD4-positive (CD4+) and CD8-positive T cell subsets, B cells(CD20-positive), granulocytes(CD15-positive), macrophages(CD68-positive), M1(CD80-positive), and M2(CD163-positive) macrophages. Tissues were analysed using digital image analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to investigate the survival in the different staining groups. Results The cellular infiltrate in EPS biopsies was dominated by mononuclear cells. For both CD3 and CD68, the median percentage of area stained was higher in biopsies of EPS as opposed to non-EPS patients (p<0.001). EPS biopsies showed a higher percentage of area stained for CD4 (1.29%(0.61-3.20)) compared to CD8 (0.71%(0.46-1.01), p = 0.04), while in the non-EPS group these cells were almost equally represented (respectively 0.28% (0.05-0.83) versus 0.22%(0.17-0.43), p = 0.97). The percentage of area stained for both CD80 and CD163 was higher in EPS than in non-EPS biopsies (p<0.001), with CD163+ cells being the most abundant phenotype. Virtually no CD20-positive and CD15-positive cells were present in biopsies of a subgroup of EPS patients. No relation was found between the composition of the mononuclear cell infiltrate and clinical outcome. Conclusions A characteristic mononuclear cell infiltrate consisting of CD4+ and CD163+ cells dominates the peritoneum of EPS patients. These findings suggest a role for both CD4+ T cells and M2 macrophages in the pathogenesis of EPS