Goniozus omanensis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) an important parasitoid of the lesser date moth Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) in Oman

A new species of bethylid parasitoid wasp, Goniozus omanensis Polaszek sp. n., is described based on morphology and DNA sequence data. The species is currently known only from the lesser date moth Batrachedra amydraula, a pest of economic importance, but can be reared on two factitious host species. G. omanensis is compared with G. swirskiana, known from the same host in Israel. We summarise current knowledge of G. omanensis life-history, and its potential as an agent of biological pest control

The Chalcidoidea bush of life: evolutionary history of a massive radiation of minute wasps.

Chalcidoidea are mostly parasitoid wasps that include as many as 500 000 estimated species. Capturing phylogenetic signal from such a massive radiation can be daunting. Chalcidoidea is an excellent example of a hyperdiverse group that has remained recalcitrant to phylogenetic resolution. We combined 1007 exons obtained with Anchored Hybrid Enrichment with 1048 ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) for 433 taxa including all extant families, >95% of all subfamilies, and 356 genera chosen to represent the vast diversity of the superfamily. Going back and forth between the molecular results and our collective knowledge of morphology and biology, we detected bias in the analyses that was driven by the saturation of nucleotide data. Our final results are based on a concatenated analysis of the least saturated exons and UCE datasets (2054 loci, 284 106 sites). Our analyses support an expected sister relationship with Mymarommatoidea. Seven previously recognized families were not monophyletic, so support for a new classification is discussed. Natural history in some cases would appear to be more informative than morphology, as illustrated by the elucidation of a clade of plant gall associates and a clade of taxa with planidial first-instar larvae. The phylogeny suggests a transition from smaller soft-bodied wasps to larger and more heavily sclerotized wasps, with egg parasitism as potentially ancestral for the entire superfamily. Deep divergences in Chalcidoidea coincide with an increase in insect families in the fossil record, and an early shift to phytophagy corresponds with the beginning of the "Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution". Our dating analyses suggest a middle Jurassic origin of 174 Ma (167.3-180.5 Ma) and a crown age of 162.2 Ma (153.9-169.8 Ma) for Chalcidoidea. During the Cretaceous, Chalcidoidea may have undergone a rapid radiation in southern Gondwana with subsequent dispersals to the Northern Hemisphere. This scenario is discussed with regard to knowledge about the host taxa of chalcid wasps, their fossil record and Earth's palaeogeographic history

Additional file 4: Table S3. of Multilocus phylogeny and ecological differentiation of the “Eupelmus urozonus species group” (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) in the West-Palaearctic

Summary of Mantel tests used for the comparative analysis dealing with host insects. (DOCX 21 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Multilocus phylogeny and ecological differentiation of the “Eupelmus urozonus species group” (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) in the West-Palaearctic

Trees from a) the ML and b) Bayesian analyses of the combined dataset (without Gblocks cleaning, 9 partitions). Likelihood bootstrap values and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S2. Trees from a) the ML and b) Bayesian analyses of the combined dataset (without Gblocks cleaning, 7 partitions). Likelihood bootstrap values and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S3. Trees from a) the ML and b) Bayesian analyses of the combined dataset (without Gblocks cleaning, 6 partitions). Likelihood bootstrap values and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S4. Trees from a) the ML and b) Bayesian analyses of the combined dataset (without Gblocks cleaning, 2 partitions). Likelihood bootstrap values and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S5. Trees from a) the ML and b) Bayesian analyses of the combined dataset (with Gblocks-default parameters, 9 partitions). Likelihood bootstrap values and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S6. Trees from a) the ML and b) Bayesian analyses of the combined dataset (with Gblocks-default parameters, 7 partitions). Likelihood bootstrap values and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S7. Trees from a) the ML and b) Bayesian analyses of the combined dataset (with Gblocks-default parameters, 6 partitions). Likelihood bootstrap values and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S8. Trees from a) the ML and b) Bayesian analyses of the combined dataset (with Gblocks-default parameters, 2 partitions). Likelihood bootstrap values and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S9. Tree from the ML analysis of the mitochondrial partition. Likelihood bootstrap values (1000 replicates) and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S10. Tree from the ML analysis of the Wg locus. Likelihood bootstrap values (1000 replicates) and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S11. Tree from the ML analysis of the EF-1Îą locus. Likelihood bootstrap values (1000 replicates) and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S12. Tree from the ML analysis of the Bub3 locus (without Gblocks cleaning). Likelihood bootstrap values (1000 replicates) and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S13. Tree from the ML analysis of the Bub3 locus (with Gblocks-default parameters). Likelihood bootstrap values (1000 replicates) and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S14. Tree from the ML analysis of the RpS4 locus (without Gblocks cleaning). Likelihood bootstrap values (1000 replicates) and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S15. Tree from the ML analysis of the RpS4 locus (with Gblocks-default parameters). Likelihood bootstrap values (1000 replicates) and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S16. Tree from the ML analysis of the RpL27a locus (without Gblocks cleaning). Likelihood bootstrap values (1000 replicates) and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S17. Tree from the ML analysis of the RpL27a locus (with Gblocks-default parameters). Likelihood bootstrap values (1000 replicates) and posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Figure S18. Illustrations of morphometric measurements on Eupelmus females. (A) ovipositor sheaths, (B) ovipositor stylet (second and third pairs of valvulae), and (C) hind tibia. (PDF 110496 kb

Fauna Europaea: Hymenoptera - Apocrita (excl. Ichneumonoidea)

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. Hymenoptera is one of the four largest orders of insects, with about 130,000 described species. In the Fauna Europaea database, ‘Hymenoptera - Apocrita (excluding Ichneumonoidea)’ comprises 13 superfamilies, 52 families, 91 subfamilies, 38 tribes and 13,211 species. The paper includes a complete list of taxa dealt with, the number of species in each and the name of the specialist responsible for data acquisition. As a general conclusion about the European fauna of Hymenoptera, the best known countries in terms of recorded species are those from northwestern Europe, with the least known fauna probably in the more eastern and southeastern parts of Europe

Fig. 4 in The Chalcidoidea bush of life: evolutionary history of a massive radiation of minute wasps

Fig. 4. The Chalcidoidea bush of life. (a) IQ-TREE tree obtained from the combined exonsAA+UCEs90-25 datasets (see also Fig. S1). Monophyletic families are in grey, para- or polyphyletic families are in colour. Higher level groups/clades discussed in text are highlighted with boxes. Statistical support for backbone nodes are shown with single (SH-aLRT ≧80% or UFboot ≧95%) or double stars (SH-aLRT ≧80% and UFboot ≧95%). (b) Contribution of the exonsAA and UCEs90-25 datasets to the combined tree. Gene concordance factor (gCF); gene discordance factor due to polyphyly (gDFP); site concordance factor averaged over 100 quartets (sCF). Points: raw data (Table S2d). (c) Comparison of branch length for the backbone nodes and other ingroup nodes. Points: raw data (Table S2c). For (b) and (c), stars above box plots indicate statistical significance: ns, p> 0.05; ***, p ≤ 0.001; ****, p ≤ 0.0001. (d) Correlation between node age and sCF (outgroups excluded). Points: raw data (Table S2e); line: regression curve for the best-fit model (log linear model; p <2.2e—16).Published as part of <i>Cruaud, Astrid, Rasplus, Jean-Yves, Zha, Junxia, Burks, Roger, Delvare, Ǵerard, Fusu, Lucian, Gumovsky, Alex, Huber, John T., Jan̆sta, Petr, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Noyes, John S., Noort, Simon van, Baker, Austin, Bohmova, Julie, Baur, Hannes, Blaimer, Bonnie B., Brady, Sean G., Bubeńıkova, Kristyna, Chartois, Marguerite, Copeland, Robert S., Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Molin, Ana Dal, Dominguez, Chrysalyn, Gebiola, Marco, Guerrieri, Emilio, Kresslein, Robert L., Krogmann, Lars, Lemmon, Emily, Murray, Elizabeth A., Nidelet, Sabine & Nieves-Aldrey, Jośe Luis, 2023, The Chalcidoidea bush of life: evolutionary history of a massive radiation of minute wasps, pp. 1-30 in Cladistics 2023</i> on page 13, DOI: 10.1111/cla.12561, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10115140">http://zenodo.org/record/10115140</a&gt