Histological structure of nerve fiber and blood vessels in regenerated tail of Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758)

FWN – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide

Running faster causes disaster: trade-offs between speed, manoeuvrability and motor control when running around corners in northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus)

Movement speed is fundamental to all animal behaviour, yet no general framework exists for understanding why animals move at the speeds they do. Even during fitness-defining behaviours like running away from predators, an animal should select a speed that balances the benefits of high speed against the increased probability of mistakes. In this study, we explored this idea by quantifying trade-offs between speed, manoeuvrability and motor control in wild northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus) - a medium-sized carnivorous marsupial native to northern Australia. First, we quantified how running speed affected the probability of crashes when rounding corners of 45, 90 and 135 deg. We found that the faster an individual approached a turn, the higher the probability that they would crash, and these risks were greater when negotiating tighter turns. To avoid crashes, quolls modulated their running speed when they moved through turns of varying angles. Average speed for quolls when sprinting along a straight path was around 4.5 m s-1 but this decreased linearly to speeds of around 1.5 m s-1 when running through 135 deg turns. Finally, we explored how an individual's morphology affects their manoeuvrability. We found that individuals with larger relative foot sizes were more manoeuvrable than individuals with smaller relative foot sizes. Thus, movement speed, even during extreme situations like escaping predation, should be based on a compromise between high speed, manoeuvrability and motor control. We advocate that optimal - rather than maximal - performance capabilities underlie fitnessdefining behaviours such as escaping predators and capturing prey

PENYULUHAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA UU ITE TERHADAP MASYARAKAT DI DESA CEMPEDAK LOBANG

Pengguna internet di Indonesia pada awal 2021 ini mencapai 202,6 juta jiwa. Jumlah ini meningkat 15,5 persen atau 27 juta jiwa jika dibandingkan pada Januari 2020 lalu. Sebagai perbandingan, total jumlah penduduk Indonesia sendiri saat ini adalah 274,9 juta jiwa. Ini artinya, penetrasi internet di Indonesia pada awal 2021 mencapai 73,7 persen. Pengguna internet tersebut bukan hanya di kota-kota besar namun juga sampai ke desa-desa termasuk Desa Cempedak Lobang, Kabupaten Serdang Berdagai. Berbanding terbalik dengan tingkat penggunaan internet, masyarakat di desa tersebut tidak sepenuhnya memahami tentang aturan hukum dalam menggunakan internet. Tak jarang, secara tidak sengaja masyarakat telah melanggar ketentuan hukum yang diatur dalam UU ITE. Pengetahuan hukum yang rendah berpengaruh pada tingkat kepatuhan hukum, tingkat kepatuhan hukum yang rendah mengakibatkan hukum tidak berjalan dengan efektif. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan hukum adalah dengan melakukan penyuluhan hukum. Penyuluhan hukum adalah salah satu kegiatan penyebarluasan informasi dan pemahaman terhadap norma hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku guna mewujudkan dan mengembangkan kesadaran hukum masyarakat sehingga tercipta budaya hukum dalam bentuk tertib dan taat atau patuh terhadap norma hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku demi tegaknya supremasi hukum

Optimal running speeds when there is a trade-off between speed and the probability of mistakes

1. Do prey run as fast as they can to avoid capture? This is a common assumption in studies of animal performance, yet a recent mathematical model (Wheatley etal. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 55, 1166-1175; ) of escape behaviour predicts that animals should instead use speeds below their maximum capabilities even when running from predators. Fast speeds may compromise motor control and accuracy of limb placement, particularly as the animal runs along narrow structures like beams or branches. Mistakes decrease speed and increase the probability of capture

Revisiting of the physico-chemical properties of polyelectrolyte multilayers for a fine tuning of the immobilization of bacteria or nanoparticles

Increasingly used in industrial coatings, polyelectrolytes multilayers (PEMs) are self-assembled systems made of the alternate deposition of oppositely charged polymers on substrates, usually built by the traditional layer-by-layer method. Their properties strongly depend on environmental physico-chemical parameters. Due to the variety of conditions used in the literature on the one hand and the diversity of polyelectrolytes systems on the other hand, it remains difficult to bring out general principles, leading now to a lack of a real understanding of the PEM buildup, from the macro- to the nanoscale. Here, combining acoustic and electrochemical methods with atomic force microscopy, in a systematic approach, we uncover the critical role of the deposition protocol in the growth regime of PEMs made of cationic poly (allylamine hydrochloride) and anionic poly(4-styrene sulfonate, sodium). Traditional dipping leads to thick, heterogeneous and relatively isolating PEMs whereas a spin-coating assisted method leads to thinner, homogeneous and more permeable PEMs. We also highlight that the pH and the ionic strength influence not only the electrostatic interactions and polyelectrolyte conformation in solution but also their organization after their adsorption on the substrate. Finally, our easily and rapidly adaptable protocol paves the way for promising potential bio-applications, since PEMs are applied to the bacterial immobilization on substrates or as a coating for nanostructured biosensor transducer.Immunocapteur à ondes de Love ultra-sensible pour la détection rapide de micro-organismes dans l'eau, visant la réalisation d'un dispositif d'alert