Application of neural networks to prediction of company future development

Application of neural networks to prediction of company future development is much more conceivable now than before. Exploitation of data is one of the most important parts of possible prediction of company development. There are a lot of possibilities how to apply such data and what particular neural network to chose. Development of neural networks dates from 1943 when Perceptron was described and a lot of neural networks have been developed since then. New hybrid neural networks, which are often more accurate than only single-layer and multi-layer networks are being developed even now. The way how they can learn and assess data is substantial for their application in economy.Використання нейронних мереж для прогнозування розвитку компанії в даний час уявити набагато легше, ніж раніше. Використання даних є однією з найбільш важливих складових прогнозу можливого розвитку компанії. Існує багато способів, як застосувати ці дані і яку конкретну нейронну мережу вибрати. Розробка нейронних мереж бере початок у 1943 році, коли був описаний «Перцептрон», і з тих пір нейронні мережі почали розвиватися все більше і більше. Навіть сьогодні постійно з’являються і розвиваються нові гібридні нейронні мережі, які є часто більш точними, ніж просто одношарові і багатошарові мережі. Те, яким чином можна вивчати і оцінювати дані, є вкрай важливим для їх використання в економіці.Использование нейронных сетей для прогнозирования развития предприятия в настоящее время можно намного более реально себе представить, чем раньше. Получение данных является одной из наиболее важных составляющих возможной предикции развития предприятия. Существует большое количество возможностей применения этих данных и выбора конкретной нейронной сети. Развитие нейронных сетей относится к 1943 году, когда был описан «Перцептрон», с тех пор начали развиваться другие нейронные сети. И сегодня постоянно появляются и развиваются новые гибридные нейронные сети, которые зачастую точнее однослойных и многослойных сетей. То, каким образом можно осваивать данные, является принципиальным для их использования в экономике

Some Diptera families from beer traps in the Volga region (Russia)

We have studied the material of some Diptera families collected with beer traps from middle part of the Volga River region (central part of European Russia: Nizhny Novgorod and Ulyanovsk regions, and southeastern part of European Russia: Saratov Region). Thirty species from 10 Diptera families are reported: Culicidae (2 spp.), Dryomyzidae (2 spp.), Lauxaniidae (7 spp.), Limoniidae (3 spp.), Pallopteridae (4 spp.), Periscelididae (1 sp.), Platystomatidae (2 spp.), Sciomyzidae (2 spp.), Tabanidae (1 sp.), Ulidiidae (6 spp.). Two species, Peplomyza intermedia Remm, 1979 (Lauxaniidae) and Periscelis annulipes Loew, 1858 (Periscelididae) are recorded from Russia for the first tim

On minimal critical exponent of balanced sequences

We study the threshold between avoidable and unavoidable repetitions in infinite balanced sequences over finite alphabets. The conjecture stated by Rampersad, Shallit and Vandomme says that the minimal critical exponent of balanced sequences over the alphabet of size d≥5 equals [Formula presented]. This conjecture is known to hold for d∈{5,6,7,8,9,10}. We refute this conjecture by showing that the picture is different for bigger alphabets. We prove that critical exponents of balanced sequences over an alphabet of size d≥11 are lower bounded by [Formula presented] and this bound is attained for all even numbers d≥12. According to this result, we conjecture that the least critical exponent of a balanced sequence over d letters is [Formula presented] for all d≥11. © 2022075-02-2021-1387, 075-02-2022-877; České Vysoké Učení Technické v Praze, ČVUT: SGS20/183/OHK4/3T/14; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT: CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000778; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, MinobrnaukaThe second author was supported by Czech Technical University in Prague , through the project SGS20/183/OHK4/3T/14 . The first and the third authors were supported by The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000778 . The fourth author acknowledges the support by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Mathematical Center project No. 075-02-2021-1387 ) and by Ural Mathematical Center , project No. 075-02-2022-877

Малые и средние предприятия сферы услуг в условиях Индустрии 4.0 и Общества 4.0: опыт Юго-Западной Чехии

В статье представлены результаты изучения адаптации малых и средних предприятий (МСП) сферы услуг к технологическим, экономическим, социальным и экологическим условиям Индустрии 4.0 и Общества 4.0. Цель исследования - анализ текущего состояния, мотивации и потребностей предприятий в сфере наукоемких услуг, а также оценка возможности своевременного и эффективного внедрения методов и инструментов Индустрии 4.0 на Юго-Западе Чехии. Совмещение методов позволило сочетать различные качественные и количественные подходы, такие как кабинетное исследование, методы объяснения и интерпретации, анкетный опрос, полуструктурированное интервью и оценка данных. Полученные результаты демонстрируют высокую потребность в повышении знаний и инновационного потенциала МСП, изменении организации и содержания труда, формировании новых компетенций сотрудников в условиях роботизации, автоматизации и цифровизации деловых процессов. Выявлены препятствия для доступа к необходимым внутренним и внешним финансовым ресурсам. Показано, что МСП заинтересованы в сотрудничестве как с академическим сектором, так и с региональными органами власти для разработки методологических инструментов адаптации к новым социальным условиям в интересах устойчивого развития этих предприятий. Цель дальнейших исследований -создание методологии адаптации малых и средних предприятий к условиям Индустрии 4.0 и Общества 4.0.The contribution presents results of the research focused on the adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the service sector to technological, economic, social and environmental conditions of Industry and Society 4.0. The main goals of the research were the analysis and evaluation of the current state, preparedness, motivation and needs of SMEs in the sector of knowledge-intensive services for the timely, purposeful and effective implementation of Industry 4.0 methods and tools in the South-West region of the Czech Republic. The methodological approach is based on a mixed research strategy. Qualitative and quantitative methods such as desk research, explanatory and interpretation methods, questionnaire survey, semi-structured interview and evaluation of data and information were used to achieve the research goals. The results document the high current and future need to increase the knowledge and innovation potential of SMEs, the need for changes in the organisation and content of work, the need for changes in the competencies of employees in the context of robotisation, automation and digitisation of business processes. The results demonstrate barriers to access to sufficient internal and external financial resources, as well as a strong interest of SMEs in cooperation with the academic sector and regional authorities in the development of methodological tools for adaptation to new societal conditions and in the interest of the sustainable existence of these enterprises. The direction of future research is oriented towards the creation of a methodology for the adaptation of SMEs to the conditions of Industry and Society 4.0.Статья подготовлена при поддержке программы ÉTA programme Технологического агентства Чешской Республики TL02000136 «Адаптация наукоемких услуг к условиям Общества 4.0», и проекта факультета экономики SGS-2020-026 «Экономическая и финансовая трансформация в условиях цифрового общества».The article has been prepared with the support of the ÉTA programme of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic TL02000136 “Adaptation of the knowledge-intensive services to the conditions of Society 4.0”, and the Faculty of Economics internal project SGS-2020-026 «Economic and financial transformation in the context of digital society”

Diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2 disease): Expert recommendations for early detection and laboratory diagnosis

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lysosomal storage disorders. NCLs include the rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) disease, caused by mutations in the tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1)/CLN2 gene and the resulting TPP1 enzyme deficiency. CLN2 disease most commonly presents with seizures and/or ataxia in the late-infantile period (ages 2-4), often in combination with a history of language delay, followed by progressive childhood dementia, motor and visual deterioration, and early death. Atypical phenotypes are characterized by later onset and, in some instances, longer life expectancies. Early diagnosis is important to optimize clinical care and improve outcomes; however, currently, delays in diagnosis are common due to low disease awareness, nonspecific clinical presentation, and limited access to diagnostic testing in some regions. In May 2015, international experts met to recommend best laboratory practices for early diagnosis of CLN2 disease. When clinical signs suggest an NCL, TPP1 enzyme activity should be among the first tests performed (together with the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase enzyme activity assay to rule out CLN1 disease). However, reaching an initial suspicion of an NCL or CLN2 disease can be challenging; thus, use of an epilepsy gene panel for investigation of unexplained seizures in the late-infantile/childhood ages is encouraged. To confirm clinical suspicion of CLN2 disease, the recommended gold standard for laboratory diagnosis is demonstration of deficient TPP1 enzyme activity (in leukocytes, fibroblasts, or dried blood spots) and the identification of causative mutations in each allele of the TPP1/CLN2 gene. When it is not possible to perform both analyses, either demonstration of a) deficient TPP1 enzyme activity in leukocytes or fibroblasts, or b) detection of two pathogenic mutations in trans is diagnostic for CLN2 disease

Global Analysis of Proline-Rich Tandem Repeat Proteins Reveals Broad Phylogenetic Diversity in Plant Secretomes

Cell walls, constructed by precisely choreographed changes in the plant secretome, play critical roles in plant cell physiology and development. Along with structural polysaccharides, secreted proline-rich Tandem Repeat Proteins (TRPs) are important for cell wall function, yet the evolutionary diversity of these structural TRPs remains virtually unexplored. Using a systems-level computational approach to analyze taxonomically diverse plant sequence data, we identified 31 distinct Pro-rich TRP classes targeted for secretion. This analysis expands upon the known phylogenetic diversity of extensins, the most widely studied class of wall structural proteins, and demonstrates that extensins evolved before plant vascularization. Our results also show that most Pro-rich TRP classes have unexpectedly restricted evolutionary distributions, revealing considerable differences in plant secretome signatures that define unexplored diversity

Ultramafic vegetation and soils in the circumboreal region of the Northern Hemisphere

The paper summarizes literature on climate, soil chemistry, vegetation and metal accumulation by plants found on ultramafic substrata in the circumboreal zone (sensu Takhtajan, Floristic regions of the world, 1986) of the Northern Hemisphere. We present a list of 50 endemic species and 18 ecotypes obligate to ultramafic soils from the circumboreal region of Holarctic, as well as 30 and 2 species of Ni and Zn hyperaccumulators, respectively. The number of both endemics and hyperaccumulators are markedly lower compared to that of the Mediterranean and tropical regions. The diversity of plant communities on ultramafics soils of the circumboral region is also described. The underlying causes for the differences of ultramafic flora between arctic, cold, cool temperate and Mediterranean and tropical regions are also discussed. © 2018, The Ecological Society of Japan

Practical application of size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography in wheat analysis

The work was conducted to determine the practical applicability of size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography in testing wheat bread-making quality and specify which of the peak characteristics, is the best indicator of wheat quality. The research was realized on 29 cultivars of different quality. The wheat quality was evaluated by protein content, content of wet gluten, gluten index, and farinograph rheological characteristics. All of the determined peak characteristics can be used as the indicators of wheat quality but the closest correlations with the quality parameters were found for the absolute peak areas and/or relative peak areas. The area of peak 1 was positively correlated with the dough stability (r = 0.50) and negatively correlated with the degree of dough softening (r = −0.49). The relative and absolute areas of the peak 2 were in positive correlation with sedimentation volume (r = 0.68; 0.68), farinograph water absorption (r = 0.50; 0.57) and protein content (r = 0.56; 0.57). The characteristics of peaks 3 and 4 were in the closest correlation with the investigated parameters of bread-making quality, the correlation coefficients related to the peaks 3 and 4 were nearly equal and reached values 0.58–0.77. The peak height can be used as a supplemental wheat quality indicator especially for determination of certain glutenin subunits. The area/height ratio or the contents of protein fractions are of the minor importance. Then the model predicting bread-making quality from peak characteristics was built. The values of coefficients of determination R2 were the highest for Zeleny sedimentation volume (0.83–0.97). The agreement between predicted and observed values increased when not single characteristics, but their combinations were considered