5 research outputs found
Adverse Drug Reactions in ChildrenâA Systematic Review
Adverse drug reactions in children are an important public health problem. We have undertaken a systematic review of observational studies in children in three settings: causing admission to hospital, occurring during hospital stay and occurring in the community. We were particularly interested in understanding how ADRs might be better detected, assessed and avoided
ReaçÔes adversas a medicamentos em pediatria: uma revisão sistemåtica de estudos prospectivos Adverse drug reactions in pediatrics: a systematic review of prospective studies
O objetivo desta revisĂŁo foi explorar e comparar as informaçÔes derivadas de estudos prospectivos sobre a incidĂȘncia de reaçÔes adversas a medicamentos (RAM) em pediatria, publicados de janeiro de 1966 a novembro de 2003 em revistas indexadas nas bases MEDLINE, IPA e LILACS. Foram buscados trabalhos que abordassem a ocorrĂȘncia de RAM em crianças atendidas em ambulatĂłrio, durante a hospitalização ou como causa de internação hospitalar nĂŁo focalizados em tratamentos ou condiçÔes clĂnicas especĂficas. A anĂĄlise incluiu vinte estudos de coorte prospectivos, entre os quais a incidĂȘncia de RAM variou de 0,75% a 11,1% em ambulatĂłrio, de 0,6 a 4,3% como causa de internação hospitalar e de 4,4 a 18,1% entre crianças hospitalizadas. O trabalho ressalta o potencial de contribuição dos estudos prospectivos para o uso seguro de medicamentos em pediatria e sugere que a padronização de definiçÔes e de critĂ©rios metodolĂłgicos poderia tornĂĄ-los mais Ășteis para esse objetivo.<br>The aim of this literature review is to explore and to compare information derived from prospective studies of adverse drug reactions (ADR) incidence in pediatrics. A systematic literature research was performed looking for studies involving outpatient and inpatient children as well hospitalizations due to ADR. The studies were identified in MEDLINE, IPA and LILACS databases from January 1966 to November 2003. Investigation focused on specific treatments or morbidities was not included in the review. Twenty prospective cohort studies were included in the analysis. In outpatient investigations ADR incidence varied from 0.75% to 11.1% between the studies; 0.6% to 4.3% of hospital admissions were related to ADR with ADR frequency during hospitalization varying from 4.4% to 18.1% of the children. The lack of definition standards and of methodological criteria hindered results comparison and could partly explain the different observations
Out of the communist frying pan and into the EU fire? Exploring the case of Kashubian
A language currently at the nexus of change is Kashubian (in Polish: kaszubski),
a West Slavic language spoken in northern Poland in the province of
Pomerania. Termed a 'regional language' by the Polish government in
preparation for the ratification of the European Charter for Regional or
Minority Languages (signed in 2003 and ratified in 2008), it presents
interesting parallels with other minority languages at different phases,
in terms of its weak economic status and a history of repression. The
impact of Poland's accession to the EU in 2004 and the Polish
government's recent revitalisation initiatives will be explored. The
views of three prominent Kashubian activists are considered as they
reflect on the past, present and future of Kashubian. Issues considered
include the changing status of Kashubian and the impact of such change
on identity, the role of Catholicism in supporting Kashubian and the
need for development in the spheres of literature and education. Of
particular interest is a consideration of the effect on the language's
visibility and status as a result of having a Kashub, Donald Tusk,
become Prime Minister in October 2007, following decades of neglect and
denial of Kashubian's status as a language under Communism, and he is
one of those interviewed here.                     AD 28/01/201