RNA interference approaches for treatment of HIV-1 infection.

HIV/AIDS is a chronic and debilitating disease that cannot be cured with current antiretroviral drugs. While combinatorial antiretroviral therapy (cART) can potently suppress HIV-1 replication and delay the onset of AIDS, viral mutagenesis often leads to viral escape from multiple drugs. In addition to the pharmacological agents that comprise cART drug cocktails, new biological therapeutics are reaching the clinic. These include gene-based therapies that utilize RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the expression of viral or host mRNA targets that are required for HIV-1 infection and/or replication. RNAi allows sequence-specific design to compensate for viral mutants and natural variants, thereby drastically expanding the number of therapeutic targets beyond the capabilities of cART. Recent advances in clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the promise of RNAi therapeutics, reinforcing the concept that RNAi-based agents might offer a safe, effective, and more durable approach for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Nevertheless, there are challenges that must be overcome in order for RNAi therapeutics to reach their clinical potential. These include the refinement of strategies for delivery and to reduce the risk of mutational escape. In this review, we provide an overview of RNAi-based therapies for HIV-1, examine a variety of combinatorial RNAi strategies, and discuss approaches for ex vivo delivery and in vivo delivery

What if: the literary case for more climate change

In recent years, contemporary climate change discourse has become dominated by the trope ‘what if’. Yet far from operating such as to open up new ways of thinking, across political scientific and literary spheres, answers to the trope close down around accounts of catastrophe, framed by a mitigation agenda intent on solving the problem before it’s too late. This paper critiques the ideological problems associated with this perspective on climate change, and presents a provocative three-part literary manifesto which explores how creative literary practice might explore ‘more climate change’ as opposed to ‘less’

Quantum Walks with Entangled Coins

We present a mathematical formalism for the description of unrestricted quantum walks with entangled coins and one walker. The numerical behaviour of such walks is examined when using a Bell state as the initial coin state, two different coin operators, two different shift operators, and one walker. We compare and contrast the performance of these quantum walks with that of a classical random walk consisting of one walker and two maximally correlated coins as well as quantum walks with coins sharing different degrees of entanglement. We illustrate that the behaviour of our walk with entangled coins can be very different in comparison to the usual quantum walk with a single coin. We also demonstrate that simply by changing the shift operator, we can generate widely different distributions. We also compare the behaviour of quantum walks with maximally entangled coins with that of quantum walks with non-entangled coins. Finally, we show that the use of different shift operators on 2 and 3 qubit coins leads to different position probability distributions in 1 and 2 dimensional graphs.Comment: Two new sections and several changes from referees' comments. 12 pages and 12 (colour) figure

Alien Registration- Burnett, Eva L. (Brownville, Piscataquis County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/10055/thumbnail.jp

When Shall We Harvest?

A few years back, harvesting small grain was done just one way—when we thought the grain was ready to cut, or should be harvested to save it, we cut it with a binder, dried it in the shock and then threshed it

Sow Oats Early

If you are unable to get your oats sown on time this year, a few days delay in sowing may not affect yields so much

Growing winter wheat in Iowa

During the last half decade winter wheat has been Iowa’s most profitable grain crop. Taking the average yield per acre and the average price per bushel for the crops of the state, winter wheat has given an average acre return of $16.19, while the next best paying crop, corn, has an average of only$15.46, and the other crops still less. The profit in growing winter wheat in Iowa is well illustrated in table 1 and figure 2, compiled from the reports of the crop and weather service of the Iowa State Department of Agriculture. The table shows the average yield per acre of Iowa’s important cereals and their average farm value December 1, for the five years 1906 to 1910, inclusive. From these figures the average value per acre of these crops has been calculated as shown in the right hand column

Private Islands

Through various characters such as a woman who starts a bookstore, a man who has an affair, a pregnant fiancé, a woman who is losing her memories, and a public relations manager, in addition to events such as a plane crash, the painting of Jalousie in Haiti, a power plant disaster, and a deportation, this short story collection shares themes of colonization in the Caribbean and the various ways in which it’s done. The author does so through the exploration of topics such as the hospitality and travel industry, economic colonization, hospitality work and expectations amongst local populations, and the influence of white Americans and American companies on the region