The Right to Exclude Others From Private Property: A Fundamental Constitutional Right

This Essay discusses the fundamental nature of the right to exclude as it emanates not only from decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court but from selected federal circuit and state appellate court decisions. As appears below, the right to exclude applies to both government and private activity on private land, whether the activity is the result of governmental attempts to secure a public interest or of theories associated with stronger rights emanating from custom and public trust

Randomized clinical trial on the survival of lithium disilicate posterior partial restorations bonded using immediate or delayed dentin sealing after 3 years of function

Objectives: The survival and success rate and the quality of survival of partial ceramic restorations bonded employing Immediate (IDS) or Delayed Dentin Sealing (DDS) in vital molar teeth were evaluated in a randomized clinical trial with within-subject comparison study.Materials and methods: 30 patients received two lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS-e.max press, Ivoclar Vivadent) partial restorations on vital first or second molar teeth (N = 60). The two teeth randomly received either IDS (test group, n = 30) or DDS (control group, n = 30). Partial ceramic restorations were luted (Variolink Ultra, Ivoclar Vivadent) two weeks after preparation. Evaluations were performed at 1 week, 12 months and 36 months post-operatively, using qualitative (FDI) criteria. Representative failures were evaluated microscopically (SEM) and by means of simplified qualitative fractography analysis.Results: One absolute failure occurred in the DDS group due to (secondary) caries. The overall survival rate according to Kaplan-Meier after 3 years was 98.3% (FDI criteria score 1-4, n = 59) and the overall success rate was 85% (FDI criteria score 1-3, n = 51), with no significant difference between restorations in the IDS and DDS group (p = 0.32; Kaplan-Meier, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox), CI = 95%). For the quality of the survival, no statistically significant differences were found between IDS and DDS (p = 0.7; Kaplan-Meier, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox), CI = 95%) restorations on any follow-up timepoints for any of the FDI criteria (Wilcoxon, McNemar, p &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: Adhesively luted partial ceramic restorations in vital molar teeth have a good prognosis, however IDS did not show any differences in success and survival rates after 3 years of function.</p

internationalization strategies and policies in second tier higher education institutions

This study addresses the major objectives and challenges in the internationalization processes of second-tier higher education institutions. We use the examples of universities of applied sciences in the Netherlands, academic colleges in Israel, and community colleges in Canada to offer a global perspective regarding the internationalization efforts in these types of institutions. Through comprehensive comparative analysis of secondary sources, we identify the trends taking place within these types of higher education institutions in these countries. We find that second-tier institutions tend not to have solidified for themselves tailored internationalization approaches and strategies that are uniquely fitting to their own missions, aims and student populations. This oversight creates a situation whereby such institutions, despite their culturally diverse student populations and the promise they hold to create a unique niche within internationalization discourse, fail to utilize the potential inherent in targeted internationalization strategies