Observation of the Inverse Cotton-Mouton Effect

We report the observation of the Inverse Cotton-Mouton Effect (ICME) i.e. a magnetization induced in a medium by non resonant linearly polarized light propagating in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. We present a detailed study of the ICME in a TGG crystal showing the dependence of the measured effect on the light intensity, the optical polarization, and on the external magnetic field. We derive a relation between the Cotton-Mouton and Inverse Cotton-Mouton effects that is roughly in agreement with existing experimental data. Our results open the way to applications of the ICME in optical devices

A site-specific standard for comparing dynamic solar ultraviolet protection characteristics of established tree canopies

A standardised procedure for making fair and comparable assessments of the ultraviolet protection of an established tree canopy that takes into account canopy movement and the changing position of the sun is presented for use by government, planning, and environmental health authorities. The technique utilises video image capture and replaces the need for measurement by ultraviolet radiometers for surveying shade quality characteristics of trees growing in public parks, playgrounds and urban settings. The technique improves upon tree shade assessments that may be based upon single measurements of the ultraviolet irradiance observed from a fixed point of view. The presented technique demonstrates how intelligent shade audits can be conducted without the need for specialist equipment, enabling the calculation of the Shade Protection Index (SPI) and Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) for any discreet time interval and over a full calendar year

Angioarchitectural evolution of clival dural arteriovenous fistulas in two patients.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) may present in a variety of ways, including as carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. The ophthalmologic sequelae of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas are known and recognizable, but less commonly seen is the rare clival fistula. Clival dAVFs may have a variety of potential anatomical configurations but are defined by the involvement of the venous plexus just overlying the bony clivus. Here we present two cases of clival dAVFs that most likely evolved from carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas

Effects of cluster diffusion on the island density and size distribution in submonolayer island growth

The effects of cluster diffusion on the submonolayer island density and island-size distribution are studied for the case of irreversible growth of compact islands on a 2D substrate. In our model, we assume instantaneous coalescence of circular islands, while the cluster mobility is assumed to exhibit power-law decay as a function of island-size with exponent mu. Results are presented for mu = 1/2, 1, and 3/2 corresponding to cluster diffusion via Brownian motion, correlated evaporation-condensation, and edge-diffusion respectively, as well as for higher values including mu = 2,3, and 6. We also compare our results with those obtained in the limit of no cluster mobility corresponding to mu = infinity. In agreement with theoretical predictions of power-law behavior of the island-size distribution (ISD) for mu < 1, for mu = 1/2 we find Ns({\theta}) ~ s^{-\tau} (where Ns({\theta}) is the number of islands of size s at coverage {\theta}) up to a cross-over island-size S_c. However, the value of {\tau} obtained in our simulations is higher than the mean-field (MF) prediction {\tau} = (3 - mu)/2. Similarly, the value of the exponent {\zeta} corresponding to the dependence of S_c on the average island-size S (e.g. S_c ~ S^{\zeta}) is also significantly higher than the MF prediction {\zeta} = 2/(mu+1). A generalized scaling form for the ISD is also proposed for mu < 1, and using this form excellent scaling is found for mu = 1/2. However, for finite mu >= 1 neither the generalized scaling form nor the standard scaling form Ns({\theta}) = {\theta} /S^2 f(s/S) lead to scaling of the entire ISD for finite values of the ratio R of the monomer diffusion rate to deposition flux. Instead, the scaled ISD becomes more sharply peaked with increasing R and coverage. This is in contrast to models of epitaxial growth with limited cluster mobility for which good scaling occurs over a wide range of coverages.Comment: 12 pages, submitted to Physical Review

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Inflasi dan Kinerja Perekonomian di Indonesia

This study aims to analyze and determine (1) the influence of the economy, interest rates, money supply, government spending and wages on inflation in Indonesia, (2) the effects of inflation, government spending, taxes, and wages on the economy in Indonesia. Type of data is the documentary data, the data source is a secondary data as well as data in the form of time series from the first quarter of 2000 - the fourth quarter of 2012. This study uses a simultaneous equation model analysis tool with Two Stages Least Squared method (TSLS). Endogenous variables in the study was the economy and inflation. And exogenous variable is government spending, tax, interest rate, money supply and wage. The research concludes that (1) the Economy, interest rates, money supply, government spending and wage on inflation in Indonesia affected significantly. (2) inflation, government spending, taxes have a significant effect on the economy in Indonesia. However, the study does not affect wages in the economy significantly. Based on the results of the discussion, Governments and Bank Indonesia is expected to maintain the stability of prices and restrained inflation range in order to maintain macroeconomic stability Indonesia. The policies that can be suggested is Bank Indonesia needs to conduct monetary policy gradually and consistently setting interest rates in order to control the money supply and the inflation rate. Required effort or government policy makers to be able to continue to increase in Indonesia's economy by increasing government spending (Expansionary Fiscal Policy) which aimed at the improvement of development expenditure

A continuous non-linear shadowing model of columnar growth

We propose the first continuous model with long range screening (shadowing) that described columnar growth in one space dimension, as observed in plasma sputter deposition. It is based on a new continuous partial derivative equation with non-linear diffusion and where the shadowing effects apply on all the different processes.Comment: Fast Track Communicatio

NILAI TAMBAH DARI USAHA PENGOLAHAN TEPUNG TERIGU MENJADI MARTABAK MARKOBAR KOTA MANADO

This study aims to determine the magnitude: (1) the added value of flour business into martabak Markobar Manado (2) profit from flour processing business into martabak Markobar Manado City. The study was conducted in October to December 2017, located in Markobar Kota Manado. Data collection method is done by using primary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with relevant parties based on a prepared list of questions, as well as on-site observations. Data analysis in this study using: 1) value-added analysis and 2) profit analysis with the formula π = TR - TC. The results showed that Markobar Manado process 3 types of martabak martabak 2 flavors, martabak 4 flavors and martabak 8 flavors. Number of martabak 2 taste processed ie 96 pieces with selling price per fruit of Rp. 50,000 so the total revenue is Rp.4.800.000. Number of martabak 4 flavors processed ie 144 fruit with the selling price per fruit of Rp. 80,000 so that the revenue received by Markobar is Rp.11.520.000. Number of martabak 8 taste processed ie 240 fruit with selling price per fruit of Rp. 100.00.000 so that the revenue received by Markobar is Rp.24.000.000 Profit business martabak 2 taste of Rp. 485,116.71, business profit martabak 4 taste of Rp. 5,297,675.07 and business profit martabak 8 taste of Rp. 9,322,791.78. Processing business martabak 2 flavors produce value added Rp 2,357,116.71, processing martabak 4 flavors produce value added Rp. 8,105,675.07 and martabak processing 8 flavors produce added value of Rp. 14,002,791.78.*eprm*