208 research outputs found
Luokanopettaja oppilaan minÀkuvan tukijana
TiivistelmĂ€. MinĂ€kuva on kĂ€sitteenĂ€ tĂ€rkeĂ€, koska se vaikuttaa ihmisen elĂ€mÀÀn moniulotteisesti. Tutkielman viitekehys kĂ€sittelee lapsen minĂ€kuvaa, sen kehitystĂ€ ja tukemista. MinĂ€kuvaan liittyvĂ€ kĂ€sitteistö on hyvin laaja, eikĂ€ sitĂ€ voi rajata ainoastaan minĂ€kuvan kĂ€sitteeseen. ViitekehyksessĂ€ kĂ€sitellÀÀn myös kĂ€sitettĂ€ minĂ€, jota minĂ€kuva, identiteetti ja itsetunto siivittĂ€vĂ€t. Rajasimme minĂ€kuvan kehityksen ja erityisesti sen tukemisen ikĂ€luokkiin 0â12.
Pro gradu -tutkielman aiheen valitsimme yhteisen kiinnostuksen pohjalta. Aihe on myös aina ajankohtainen. Yhdeksi perusopetuksen kasvatustavoitteeksi on Suomen perusopetuslain (628/1998, 4§) asetuksessa sÀÀdetty kehittÀÀ oppilaan myönteistÀ minÀkuvaa. Opetussuunnitelman perusteissa (Opetushallitus 2004) on mÀÀritelty perusopetuksen yhdeksi tavoitteeksi antaa oppilaalle mahdollisuus myönteisen minÀkuvan kehitykseen.
Pro gradu -tutkimuksemme tarkoituksena oli selvittÀÀ, miten luokanopettajat mÀÀrittelevÀt minÀkuvan kÀsitteen ja millaisia haasteita ja mahdollisuuksia he kokevat olevan oppilaan minÀkuvan tukemisessa. TÀrkeimpÀnÀ tavoitteena oli selvittÀÀ millaisia keinoja kahdella kajaanilaisella luokanopettajalla on tukea oppilaan minÀkuvaa.
Tutkimuksemme on luonteeltaan kvalitatiivinen tapaustutkimus ja tiedonhankinnan strategiana on kÀytetty fenomenografiaa. Aineisto on hankittu puolistrukturoidun teemahaastattelun, videoinnin sekÀ havainnoinnin avulla. Aineisto kerÀttiin tammikuun 2013 aikana ja tutkittavina oli kaksi kajaanilaista peruskoulun luokanopettajaa. Aineisto on analysoitu deduktiivista logiikkaa noudattaen.
Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, ettÀ tutkittavat luokanopettajat ymmÀrtÀvÀt, mitÀ minÀkuvalla tarkoitetaan ja he pitÀvÀt sitÀ merkittÀvÀnÀ oppilaan oppimisen kannalta. Tutkimus osoittaa, ettÀ kohdehenkilöt kokevat minÀkuvan tukemisen olevan yksi oppimisen edellytyksistÀ. TÀrkeimmÀksi minÀkuvan tukemisen tekijÀksi tÀssÀ tutkimuksessa nousee positiivinen palaute ja sosiaalinen vuorovaikutus, jota ilman minÀkuva ei pÀÀse kehittymÀÀn. MinÀkuva kehittyy sosiaalisessa vuorovaikutuksessa muiden ihmisten kanssa ja vaatii kehittyÀkseen turvallisen ympÀristön, joten opettajan rooli minÀkuvan tukemisessa on keskeinen.
Tutkimustulosten perusteella minÀkuvan tukemisen haasteena ovat kasvaneet oppilasmÀÀrÀt ja ajanpuute. LisÀksi luokanopettajat tiedostavat, etteivÀt voi yksinÀÀn vaikuttaa oppilaan minÀkuvaan, vaan siihen vaikuttavat yksilön sosiaalinen ympÀristö ja vanhemmat. Luokanopettajat kuitenkin kokevat, ettÀ minÀkuvan tukemiselle on aikaa opettajan niin halutessaan.
Luokanopettajat kertoivat kÀyttÀvÀnsÀ minÀkuvan tukemisen yhtenÀ keinona oppilaan perusturvallisuuden lisÀÀmistÀ, koska ilman sitÀ minÀkuva ei pÀÀse kehittymÀÀn. Ilman oppilaan perusturvallisuuden tunnetta minÀkuvan tukeminen on myös haasteellisempaa. Molemmat haastateltavat korostavat sosiaalista vuorovaikutusta ja palautteen merkitystÀ minÀkuvan tukemisessa, koska ilman sosiaalista vuorovaikutusta minÀkuvaa ei voida tukea.
Tutkimuksemme on hyödyllinen, koska se lisÀÀ tietoa minÀkuvan merkittÀvyydestÀ ja sen tukemisen tÀrkeydestÀ. On vÀlttÀmÀtöntÀ, ettÀ opettajat tiedostavat miten oppilaiden minÀkuvaa tuetaan ja pyrkivÀt pÀivittÀin toimimaan sen mukaisesti koulun arjessa. Tutkielmamme tarjoaa keinoja opettajille ja muille kasvattajille oppilaan minÀkuvan tukemiseen
Unusual Crystallite Growth and Modification of Ferromagnetism Due to Aging in Pure and Doped Zno Nanoparticles
We report the unusual growth of pure and Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by forced hydrolysis and the weakening of ferromagnetism due to aging in ambient conditions. More than four dozen nanoparticle samples in the size range of 4â20ânm were studied over 1 to 4 years. The as-prepared samples had significant changes in their crystallite sizes and magnetization as they aged in ambient conditions. Detailed studies using x ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the crystallite size increased by as much as 1.4 times. Lattice parameters and strain also showed interesting changes. Magnetometry studies of Zn1âxFexO with xâ=â0â0.2 showed ferromagnetism at room temperature; however, keeping the samples in ambient conditions for one year resulted in modifications in the crystallite size and magnetization. For the Zn0.95Fe0.05O sample, the size changed from 7.9ânm to 9.0ânm, while the magnetization decreased from 1Ă10â3emu/g (memu/g) to 0.2 memu/g. Both magnetic and structural changes due to aging varied with the environment in which they were stored, indicating that these changes are related to the aging conditions
Magnetism of ZnO Nanoparticles: Dependence on Crystallite Size and Surfactant Coating
Many recent reports on magnetism in otherwise nonmagnetic oxides have demonstrated that nanoparticle size, surfactant coating, or doping with magnetic ions produces room-temperature ferromagnetism. Specifically, ZnO has been argued to be a room-temperature ferromagnet through all three of these methods in various experimental studies. For this reason, we have prepared a series of 1% Fe doped ZnO nanoparticle samples using a single forced hydrolysis co-precipitation synthesis method from the same precursors, while varying size (6 â 15 nm) and surface coating concentration to study the combined effects of these two parameters. Size was controlled by modifying the water concentration. Surfactant coating was adjusted by varying the concentration of poly acrylic acid (PAA) in solution. Samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical absorptance spectroscopy, and magnetometry. No clear systematic effect on magnetization was observed as a function of surfactant coating, while evidence for a direct dependence of magnetization on the crystallite size is apparent
Unusual crystallite growth and modification of ferromagnetism due to aging in pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles
Acute and overuse injuries among sports club members and non-members: the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) study
BackgroundPhysical activity in adolescence is promoted for its multi-dimensional health benefits. However, too intensive sports participation is associated with an increased injury risk. Our aim was to compare the occurrence of acute and overuse injuries in Finnish sports club members and non-members and to report training and competing habits associated with a higher injury risk in sports club members.MethodsIn this cross-sectional survey targeted at 14-16-year-old adolescents, a structured questionnaire was completed by 1077 sports club members and 812 non-members. The main outcome measures were self-reported acute and overuse injuries, their location and type.ResultsAt least one acute injury in the past year was reported by 44.0% of sports club members and 19.8% of non-members (P<0.001). The sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for acute injury in sports club members compared to non-members was 3.13 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.54-3.87). Thirty-five percent of sports club members and 17.4% of non-members (P<0.001) reported at least one overuse injury during the past year. The overuse injury OR for sports club members was 2.61 (95% CI 2.09-3.26). Sports club members who trained 7-14h per week during training (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.21-2.12, P=0.001) or competition season (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.18-2.06, P=0.002) were more likely to report an injury compared to members who trained 3-6h per week. Those sports club members who participated in forty competitions or more compared to 7-19 competitions per year were more likely to report an acute injury (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05-2.08, P=0.028) or for an overuse injury (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.02-2.30, P=0.038).ConclusionsBoth acute and overuse injuries are common among youth sports club members, and the number increases along with increasing amounts of training and competitions. More effective injury prevention is needed both for adolescents engaging in sports club activities and for other adolescents
Coaches' Health Promotion Activity and Substance Use in Youth Sports
There is an increasing amount of evidence suggesting youth sports clubs are an important setting for health promotion. Adolescents in sport club settings can benefit from exposures of positive and negative consequences to health. To better understand the sport club context and coaches' health promotion activity in substance use prevention, this study compares sport club members with non-members aged between 14-16 years old on their experience and use of alcohol, smoking and snuff and coaches' health promotion activity on substances. Methods: Adolescents (n = 671) from sports clubs and from matched schools (n = 1442) were recruited in this study. Multiple binary logistic regressions were performed on substance use. Results: Higher prevalence of substance use was associated with discussions of substances, often held by coaches. Significantly fewer girls who are sport club members had experiences in alcohol, smoking or snuff than their non-member counter-parts, the differences among boys varied by substance. Fewer sport club members experienced smoking than non-members. More boys used snuff than girls. Conclusions: The most salient points for health promotion were that girls who were sport club members used fewer substances and for boys the picture was more complicated. Coaches could be using reactive strategies through informal learning to address substance use in clubs, although more effective training on substance use for coaches is needed
Introduction and assessment of orthognathic information clinic
Background/Objectives: Orthognathic treatment is routine practice to rehabilitate severe malocclusions and dentofacial deformities. Because orthognathic treatment is elective, patientâs involvement in deciding whether to proceed with treatment is vital. Interaction and communication between patient and treating team plays a key role in achieving post-treatment satisfaction. To achieve satisfaction, an orthognathic âinformation clinicâ for prospective orthognathic patients was established at Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Finland. âInformation clinicâ includes short talks with power-point presentation given by orthodontist, oral hygienist, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, psychologist, and previous patient. Aim of the study was to set up an âinformation clinicâ and, more specifically, 1. to assess patientsâ opinions on the âclinicâ during pilot phase (2013â14) and 2. to analyse general statistics during the first 3 years (2013â16). / Methods: During the pilot phase, patient opinions, based on voluntary questionnaire, were obtained from 85 people. General data were collected for the clinics run in 2013â16. / Results: Seventy-two per cent of respondents reported the information provided to help in their decision-making to proceed/not proceed with treatment. Majority considered the information about the surgical aspects and meeting patient who had undergone orthognathic treatment to be the most important part of the clinic. Between March 2013 and 2016, 290 prospective orthognathic patients were invited to 29 âinformation clinicsâ. One hundred and ninety-four patients attended, of whom 137 were female and 57 male (age range 15â67 years). / Conclusions: The questionnaire and verbal feedback from the patients was positive; hence, the âinformation clinicâ is now offered as a routine process to all prospective orthognathic patients in our clinic
A Millennium Scale Sunspot Number Reconstruction: Evidence For an Unusually Active Sun Since the 1940's
The extension of the sunspot number series backward in time is of
considerable interest for dynamo theory, solar, stellar, and climate research.
We have used records of the Be-10 concentration in polar ice to reconstruct the
average sunspot activity level for the period between the year 850 to the pr
esent. Our method uses physical models for processes connecting the Be-10
concentration with the sunspot number. The reconstruction shows reliably that
the period of high solar activity during the last 60 years is unique throughout
the past 1150 years. This nearly triples the time interval for which such a
statement could be made previouslyComment: 4 pages, LaTeX, revtex4 macros; Phys. Rev. Let., in pres
Hypertension and overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy
ProLIF: quantitative integrin protein-protein interactions and synergistic membrane effects on proteoliposomes
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