Evaluación microbiológica de productos lácteos artesanales: Leche cruda, queso fresco, quesillo y cuajada elaborados en la finca San Diego, del Municipio de Cuapa (Chontales), Noviembre-Diciembre 2016

Hoy en día la leche y sus derivados ocupan un lugar importante entre los consumos alimentarios naturales pero también puede ser vehículo de bacterias patógenas para el hombre. La inocuidad de la leche y productos lácteos dependen del cuidado empleado en el ordeño, en la limpieza y en la manipulación de los utensilios, así como en la elaboración de estos. Por esta razón, se realizó esta investigación, que comprende la evaluación microbiológica de productos lácteos, elaborados en la finca San Diego, del Municipio de Cuapa, Chontales; en el periodo comprendido entre Noviembre y Diciembre 2016 para determinar la presencia de E. Coli, S. aureus, Salmonella spp y Listeria monocytogenes. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, no probabilístico por conveniencia. Donde la muestra de estudio fue conformado por leche cruda como materia prima y 3 productos lácteos conformados por queso fresco, quesillo y cuajada; de los cuales se tomó 1 lote y de estos 5 submuestras. De igual manera se tomaron muestras de hisopados de manos de manipuladores, ordeñadores, hisopados de superficies en utensilios y análisis microbiológico de agua de grifo y pozo

Diagnóstico situacional sobre disponibilidad, acceso, y prácticas alimentarias de las mujeres embarazada en las casa maternas de los Silais de Río San Juan, Zelaya Central y Chontales, para la elaboración de un manual de recetas estandarizadas período Mayo-Julio 2017

Objective:Determine knowledge, practices and perception about healthy lifestyles and nutritional status possessed by students of the early years of the Polytechnic Institute of Health UNAN-Managua 2017. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, transversal, was performed with a universe of 406 students and a sample of 168 students, the information was obtained through a survey, which was filled out by each participant, anthropometric measurements for nutritional assessment was made. Once the data were processed and the results were created in statistical tables and graphs using, Microsoft Excel, SPSSversion 21 for Windows. results:the female dominates 63% in the age group 15 to 20 years, 71% of students of different races have adequate knowledge of Food and Nutrition, in turn 57% were identified best practices on lifestyles healthy, according to the perception of healthy lifestyles most regularly they were classified by performing 6 questions. Regarding the nutritional status 60.7% of students were found in a normal classification, 33.9% had excess malnutrition and 5.4% underweight. conclusions:college students have acceptable knowledge but do not put it into practice, have regular perception about healthy eating, and their nutritional status. Keywords: Knowledge, practices, perceptions, Lifestyles, Nutritional statu

COMPARACIÓN DE LA EFICACIA DE TRES MEDIOS DE CULTIVO in vitro PARA EL DESARROLLO DE Blastocystis spp

Blastocystis is a chromist that can be found in the intestinal tract of animals and humans, and is currently considered an emerging pathogen with zoonotic potential. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three in vitro media culture which are considered appropriate for the development of Blastocystis: Jones, Pavlova and Boeck-Drbohlav modified (BDM). It was used 54 stool samples from Blastocystis positive pigs diagnosed by the spontaneous sedimentation technique. The number of microorganisms inoculated was divided in three categories: low, intermediate and high. Each sample was cultivated for duplicate in the three media and after 72 hours of incubation the pathogens were counted using the Neubauer chamber. Results showed that the Jones media was the more efficient, followed by Pavlova and BDM; moreover, better results were obtained when the level of microorganisms was low. The cystic form was the most commonly observed in stool samples, whereas in culture media was the vacuolar followed by the granular form.Blastocystis es un cromista que puede ser hallado en el tracto intestinal de animales y humanos y que ha pasado a ser considerado un patógeno emergente y de potencial zoonótico. El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar la eficacia de tres medios de cultivo in vitro, considerados como apropiados para el desarrollo del Blastocystis: Jones, Pavlova y Boeck-Drbohlav modificado (MBDM). Se utilizaron 54 muestras de heces de cerdos diagnosticados como positivos a Blastocystis por el método de sedimentación espontánea. El número de microorganismos inoculados fue clasificado como alto, intermedio y bajo. Las muestras fueron cultivadas por duplicado en los tres medios y al cabo de 72 h de incubación se procedió al recuento de microrganismos con la cámara de Neubauer. Los resultados indicaron que el medio Jones fue el más eficiente, seguido de los medios Pavlova y MBDM; asimismo, se obtuvieron mejores resultados en el cultivo cuando el nivel de microrganismos fue bajo. La forma quística fue la más comúnmente observada en las muestras de heces, mientras que en los medios de cultivo fue la vacuolar, seguida de la forma granular

MADRES POSITIVAS A Cryptosporidium parvum COMO FACTOR DE RIESGO PARA LA PRESENTACIÓN DEL PATÓGENO EN CRÍAS DE ALPACAS CON DIARREA

The aim of the study was to establish whether the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum in the dam is a risk factor for the presentation of the pathogen in the baby alpaca. The study included 698 alpaca dams and their offspring less than 30 days of age. The sampling took place from January till March 2007 in the localities of La Raya, Choquecota, Chillihua, Maranganí and Silli in Canchis province, Cusco, Peru. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum, processed using the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and observed by microscopy. Risk analysis was done through logistic regressions. Results showed that a baby alpaca born from a positive dam to C. parvum was 2.1 times more likely to get infected with the parasite as compared with others born from a negative dam (p<0.05). Likewise, sex and presence of diarrhea were not significant, whereas place of breeding showed to be a protection factor for newborns in peasant communities as compared to those born in experimental station farms.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar si la presencia de Cryptosporidium parvum en las madres constituye un factor de riesgo para la presentación del patógeno en las crías de alpacas. Se trabajó con 698 alpacas y sus crías menores de 30 días de edad, entre enero y marzo de 2007, en las localidades de la Raya, Choquecota, Chillihua, Maranganí y Silli, provincia de Canchis, departamento del Cusco, Perú. El diagnóstico de Cryptosporidium se realizó en muestras de heces tomadas del recto y analizadas al microscopio empleando la tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen Modificado. Los análisis de riesgo se realizaron mediante una regresión logística. Se encontró que una cría con madre positiva a C. parvum tiene 2.1 veces más riesgo de infectarse con el parásito que una cría con madre negativa a este patógeno (p<0.05); asimismo, las variables sexo y presencia de diarrea no fueron significativas, en tanto que la variable lugar de crianza fue un factor de protección (p<0.009) para las crías pertenecientes a las comunidades en relación a las crías en granjas experimentale

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

[Montreal 1976] [Material gráfico]

Contiene fotografías pertenecientes al archivo fotográfico del diario "Región", publicadas entre 1974 y 1976, aunque la mayoría en 1976Todas las fotografías firmadas por Foto E. Gar (Oviedo), Cifra Gráfica, y EF

Effect of HHP, Enzymes and Gelatin on Physicochemical Factors of Gels Made by Using Protein Isolated from Common Cricket (Acheta domesticus)

The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) combined with enzymatic methods or gelatin incorporation in the gelation process of protein isolated from Acheta domesticus was investigated. The results indicate that transglutaminase (TGasa) or glucose oxidase (GOx) enzymes can induce reversible aggregation in dispersions of insoluble protein fractions and increase viscosity in dispersions of soluble fractions, but does not induce gel formation even after HHP treatment; in consequence, enzymatic treatment on cricket protein can be used to increase viscosity but not to form gels. It is technically feasible to obtain gels by adding 2% porcine gelatin to dispersions of protein fractions and subjecting them to HHP. The firmness and syneresis variation values of those gels during storage depended on the protein extracted fraction (insoluble or soluble protein) and on the concentration of protein used. The highest hardness and lowest syneresis was found with the gels obtained from the insoluble fraction at 11 and 15% (w/w) protein concentration. Color difference (ΔE* > 3) appreciable to the naked eye was observed along the storage period and no noticeable pH variations were found after 28 days of storage. Results indicate that new raw materials of interest can be developed for the food industry based on cricket protein isolates, to make high-protein foods which could be applied in a wide variety of different food applications including 3D printing or fat substitution.Financial support of the projects AGL2013-48993-C2-2-R and AGL2017-86840-C2-2-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competiveness, FEDER funds.Peer reviewe