Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de salud mental positiva en Arequipa (Perú)

La salud mental positiva es un constructo complejo que está relacionado con el funcionamiento óptimo de la persona. Comprende un conjunto de cualidades orientadas al desarrollo del potencial del individuo. La Escala de Salud Mental Positiva es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados para evaluarlo, sin embargo, los antecedentes señalan inconsistencias respecto a su estructura interna. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Salud Mental Positiva en Arequipa-Perú. Participaron 3933 personas, 50.3% fueron mujeres y 49.7% fueron varones, incluyendo desde adolescentes hasta adultos mayores. La evaluación mediante AFC de la estructura original evidenció índices de ajuste pobres, por lo que se tuvo que evaluar la dimensionalidad y proponer una nueva estructura. Para lo cual, se dividió a la muestra (n1 = 1966 y n2 = 1967). En la primera, se aplicó un AFE y en la segunda se valida mediante un AFC. Se hallaron tres factores y se concluye que tiene un buen ajuste (χ2(431) = 2473.378; CFI = .959; TLI = .956, RMSEA = .049; SRMR = .051). La consistencia interna mostró valores mayores a .81. Finalmente, se evaluó la equivalencia de la medición según el sexo, hallando que el instrumento presenta invarianza de la medición.Positive mental health is a complex construct that is related to the optimal functioning of the person. It comprises a set of qualities aimed at the development of the individual's potential. The Positive Mental Health Scale is one of the most used instruments to evaluate it, however, the antecedents indicate inconsistencies regarding its internal structure. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Scale in Arequipa-Peru. 3,933 people participated, 50.3% were women and 49.7% were men, including from adolescents to the elderly. The evaluation by CFA of the original structure showed poor fit indices, so the dimensionality had to be evaluated and a new structure had to be proposed. For which the sample is divided (n1 = 1,966 and n2 = 1,967). In the first, an EFA was applied and in the second, it is validated by means of a CFA. Three factors were found and it is concluded that it has a good fit (χ2 (431) = 2,473.378; CFI = .959; TLI = .956, RMSEA = .049; SRMR = .051). The internal consistency showed values ​​greater than .81. Finally, the equivalence of the measurement according to sex was evaluated, finding that the instrument presents measurement invariance

Caracterización demográfica y algunos aspectos clínicos de interés en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar bajo vigilancia del Programa Mired Barranquilla 2020-2021

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad causada por la bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacilo altamente contagioso que se puede transmitir de persona a persona a través del aire. Un tercio de la población mundial resulta afectada y dos millones de personas fallecen a causa de esta enfermedad, asimismo no se cumplen con las metas de reducción de incidencia propuestas por la Estrategia Global para el Fin de la Tuberculosis y Barranquilla es posicionada en tercer lugar como una de las entidades territoriales con mayor incidencia de la enfermedad, demostrando que se requiere conocer la caracterización de factores sociodemográficos, personales, clínicos y socioeconómicos de los sujetos afectados, propósito de esta investigación, de manera que puedan darse a conocer al personal de salud para así identificar fortalezas y fallas en su control, con el fin de mejorar los aspectos en los que se carece y realizar planes de acción con estrategias preventivas eficaces. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 78 sujetos escogidos de acuerdo al cumplimiento de factores de inclusión, tomados de la base de datos del programa de vigilancia de Tuberculosis de MiRed, hallándose que el 70% son masculino, predominancia en el rango de edad de 18 – 45 años y del estrato socioeconómico 1. Desnutrición y VIH fueron comorbilidades con mayor prevalencia. Por último, cabe mencionar que en la base de datos utilizada no se encontró correcto diligenciamiento de la información requerida y se detectó gran porcentaje de datos ausentes necesarios para el adecuado seguimiento del paciente.PregradoMedic

Specific Recognition of Influenza A/H1N1/2009 Antibodies in Human Serum: A Simple Virus-Free ELISA Method

Although it has been estimated that pandemic Influenza A H1N1/2009 has infected millions of people from April to October 2009, a more precise figure requires a worldwide large-scale diagnosis of the presence of Influenza A/H1N1/2009 antibodies within the population. Assays typically used to estimate antibody titers (hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization) would require the use of the virus, which would seriously limit broad implementation.An ELISA method to evaluate the presence and relative concentration of specific Influenza A/H1N1/2009 antibodies in human serum samples is presented. The method is based on the use of a histidine-tagged recombinant fragment of the globular region of the hemagglutinin (HA) of the Influenza A H1N1/2009 virus expressed in E. coli.The ELISA method consistently discerns between Inf A H1N1 infected and non-infected subjects, particularly after the third week of infection/exposure. Since it does not require the use of viral particles, it can be easily and quickly implemented in any basic laboratory. In addition, in a scenario of insufficient vaccine availability, the use of this ELISA could be useful to determine if a person has some level of specific antibodies against the virus and presumably at least partial protection

An Influenza A/H1N1/2009 Hemagglutinin Vaccine Produced in Escherichia coli

The A/H1N1/2009 influenza pandemic made evident the need for faster and higher-yield methods for the production of influenza vaccines. Platforms based on virus culture in mammalian or insect cells are currently under investigation. Alternatively, expression of fragments of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein in prokaryotic systems can potentially be the most efficacious strategy for the manufacture of large quantities of influenza vaccine in a short period of time. Despite experimental evidence on the immunogenic potential of HA protein constructs expressed in bacteria, it is still generally accepted that glycosylation should be a requirement for vaccine efficacy.We expressed the globular HA receptor binding domain, referred to here as HA(63-286)-RBD, of the influenza A/H1N1/2009 virus in Escherichia coli using a simple, robust and scalable process. The recombinant protein was refolded and purified from the insoluble fraction of the cellular lysate as a single species. Recombinant HA(63-286)-RBD appears to be properly folded, as shown by analytical ultracentrifugation and bio-recognition assays. It binds specifically to serum antibodies from influenza A/H1N1/2009 patients and was found to be immunogenic, to be capable of triggering the production of neutralizing antibodies, and to have protective activity in the ferret model.Projections based on our production/purification data indicate that this strategy could yield up to half a billion doses of vaccine per month in a medium-scale pharmaceutical production facility equipped for bacterial culture. Also, our findings demonstrate that glycosylation is not a mandatory requirement for influenza vaccine efficacy

Pulmonary arterial hypertension in children with congenital heart disease: a deeper look into the role of endothelial progenitor cells and circulating endothelial cells to assess disease severity

Endothelial progenitor cells and circulating endothelial cells have been proposed as useful markers of severity and disease progression in certain vascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension. Our study focused on evaluating the levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and circulating endothelial cells in patients with congenital left-to-right shunts and pulmonary hypertension undergoing definitive repair. Endothelial progenitor cells (identified by simultaneous co-expression of CD45dim, CD34 + and KDR2 + surface antibodies) and circulating endothelial cells (identified by simultaneous co-expression of inherent antibodies CD45-, CD31+, CD146 + and CD105+) were prospectively measured in seventy-four children (including children with Down syndrome), median age six years (2.75–10), with clinically significant left-to-right shunts undergoing transcatheter or surgical repair and compared to thirty healthy controls. Endothelial progenitor cells and, particularly, circulating endothelial cells were significantly higher in children with heart disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension when compared to controls. Endothelial progenitor cells showed significant correlation with pulmonary vascular resistance index when measured both systemically (r = 0.259; p = 0.026) and in the superior vena cava (r = 0.302; p = 0.009). Children with Down syndrome showed a stronger correlation between systemic cellularity and pulmonary vascular resistance index (r = 0.829; p = 0.002). Endothelial progenitor cells were reduced along their transit through the lung, whereas circulating endothelial cells did not suffer any modification across the pulmonary circulation. In children with yet to be repaired left-to-right shunts, endothelial progenitor cells and circulating endothelial cell counts are increased compared to healthy subjects

Construcción de paz en el posacuerdo: avances, tensiones y desafíos

Este texto presenta investigaciones que, desde las ciencias sociales, aportan evidencia sobre los diferentes desafíos que supone la construcción de paz en el escenario del posacuerdo en Colombia. Soportados por investigaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas, los autores plantean reflexiones teórico-prácticas acerca de fenómenos sociales y políticos ligados a procesos de transición de una cultura de la guerra a una cultura de paz, que anteceden el acuerdo de paz firmado por el Estado colombiano y las Farc-EP en el 2016; además, se socializan estudios sobre actores y procesos políticos vinculados a la implementación temprana del acuerdo, sus avances y obstáculos. Los trabajos compilados delimitan objetos de estudio que profundizan o explican, según el caso, temáticas vinculadas a la construcción de paz en la escala nacional y regional

Ibero‐Panamerican Federation of Periodontics Delphi study on the trends in diagnosis and treatment of peri‐implant diseases and conditions: A Latin American consensus

Background: The social diversity, heterogeneous culture, and inherent economic inequality factors in Latin America (LA) justify conducting a comprehensive analysis on the current status and future trends of peri-implant diseases and conditions. Thus, the aim of this Delphi study was to predict the future trends in the diagnosis and treatment of peri-implant diseases and conditions in LA countries for the year 2030. Methods: A Latin American steering committee and group of experts in implant dentistry validated a questionnaire including 64 questions divided into eight sections. The questionnaire was run twice with an interval of 45 days, with the results from the first round made available to all the participants in the second round. The results were expressed in percentages and data was analyzed describing the consensus level reached in each question. Results: A total of 221 experts were invited to participate in the study and a total 214 (96.8%) completed the two rounds. Moderate (65%-85%) to high consensus (≥85%) was reached in 51 questions (79.69%), except in the questions dealing with “prevalence”, where no consensus was reached. High and moderate consensus was attained for all the questions in three fields (risk factors and indicators, diagnosis and treatment of peri-implant conditions and deficiencies, and prevention and maintenance). Conclusions: The present study has provided relevant and useful information on the predictions in the diagnosis and treatment of peri-implant diseases with a high level of consensus among experts. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of agreement in certain domains

Línea de investigación en Helicobacter pylori para la formación de recurso humano en ciencia, tecnología e innovación en el programa de microbiología

Este libro nace de la unión de un maestro altamente calificado y alumnos dedicados con unas creatividades activas y dispuestas a trabajar por resolver los problemas que trae una bacteria a la humanidad. Las investigaciones aquí consignadas son producto de los trabajos de grado de los estudiantes del programa de Microbiología, quienes además fueron miembros del semillero de investigación, MICROORGANISMOS DE IMPORTANCIA EN SALUD HUMANA Y ANIMAL “OBVIO-MICROBIO”. Apoyados y dirigidos por la doctora Adalucy Alvarez-Aldana, quien gracias a su amplio conocimiento en el microorganismo supo sembrar curiosidad sobre el mismo durante las sesiones del semillero, incentivando a muchos de sus alumnos a dedicar su trabajo de grado a resolver alguna pregunta que les surgiera en torno a este microorganismo. Aunque diferentes son las investigaciones, todas fueron trazadas con un fin común, entregarle a la humanidad un poco más de conocimiento sobre Helicobacter pylori, por esto la unión de estas investigaciones en una sola consigna, son importantes para entender más sobre todo lo que rodea esta bacteria y pretenden resolver muchos misterios que aún aquejan la epidemiología detrás de la misma. Estos trabajos son fruto de muchos esfuerzos, materiales y académicos, de personas grandiosas, de la unión de universidades, doctores y docentes de diferentes disciplinas, razón que demuestra una vez más que la unión hace la fuerza, porque solo llegarás más rápido, pero en compañía llegarás más lejos. Además, contamos con la fortuna de tener un capitulo invitado, cuyo tema no es sobre Helicobacter pylori, pero si un sobre un tópico de gran interes en la actualidad como es la resistencia bacteriana. Capitulo titulado: “Caracterización epidemiológica y microbiológica de las bacteriemias y su perfil de resistencia durante el periodo junio 2011 a junio 2015”

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality