Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Evolución química de las salmueras del Salar de Huasco (Chile) en condiciones experimentales controladas

Evaporation process affecting surficial brines in salar of Huasco (Chile) saline system has been reproduced in laboratory with the main objective of studying its chemical evolving path. This experimental device has been carried out since a previous descriptive work has showed that the evolution of surficial brines present in salar could not be explained only considering a simple process of evaporative concentration (L¿opez et al., 1999). The dilute initial solucion has evaporated under isothermal conditions. Density of solutions reaches values up to 1.30 gr/cm3, with ionic strength levels near to 10 molal. Solid samples analysed have shown the progressive precipitation of calcite, gypsum, thenardite, and halite. The evolution of chemical concentration of solutions reflects this mineral sequence

Cognitiva

Se ofrece una visión teórica del análisis computacional sobre los procesos cognitivos básicos; refiriéndose al análisis de qué tipo de información resulta relevante en el procesamiento causal y por qué ese tipo de información es relevante. Sin embargo, hay que reseñar que el análisis computacional que realizan estos autores es muy parcial, obviándose una serie de principios al menos igualmente definitorios de causalidad: la contigüidad espacial y temporal, la similitud entre causas y efectos, la relación entre la naturaleza de los acontecimientos... Se defiende la postura de que un análisis computacional sobre relaciones de causalidad podría beneficiarse de la consideración de los principios que rigen el aprendizaje asociativo. Se describen algunos ejemplos a través de los que se ilustrará la utilidad de considerar la inter-relación entre niveles ( computacional y algorítmico) para conocer cuáles son los objetivos computacionales del sistema..MadridBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Closing the gap between traditional wind-driven rain studies and the performance-based design of building façades: Case study of the Netherlands

Over the last few decades, analyses of wind-driven rain exposure on building façades have been conducted in multiple regions. Sometimes, these studies also included the driving rain wind pressure, thereby characterising both critical factors contributing to rainwater penetration into façade materials. However, practitioners typically rely on performance results obtained from standardised watertightness tests to make façade design decisions, even though these tests do not recreate the specific exposure combinations that can occur on each façade. Consequently, there is no quantitative correlation between the traditionally identified exposures and actual façade designs, resulting in pure qualitative choices and poorly optimised designs. This study addresses this issue by correcting the existing methodological deficiencies in a prior calculation procedure, which aims to relate the exposure parameters that the façade configuration withstood during any watertightness test to the expected climate exposures at its design operating conditions. New contributions are presented to enhance the method reliability as well as to reduce calculation effort and reliance on exhaustive weather data. The various climate parameters required to establish this relationship were analysed and tabulated for the Netherlands, enabling a truly performance-based design of façades to resist rainwater penetration throughout the country. Different methods of implementing this procedure, according to the availability of weather data, were also compared for façade case studies located in Amsterdam and Maastricht

Evaluation of the application of the geophysical survey by GPR in the preliminary characterization and monitoring of karst hazards by subsidence and collapse affecting to roads (case study of the Luceni-Boquiñeni road, Zaragoza)

La presencia de procesos activos de subsidencia kárstica afectando a infraestructuras requiere de caracterizaciones detalladas, evaluación de la progresión temporal e incorporar diseños compatibles de convivencia con el fenómeno que n o produzcan m e m e n t o s d el riesgo asociado. En e ste trabajo se analiza el caso de la carretera Luceni-Boquiñeni en la que se decidió retirar el nivel cementado del aluvial para evitar la aparición de colapsos repentinos Con el objetivo de monitorizar la afección kárstica a la nueva estructura, se ha realizado un seguimiento por medio de prospección geofísica por georradar cuyo análisis comparado 2010-2015 se realiza en este trabajo. La evaluación integra información superficial, geofísica, geotècnica y geomorfológica de la zonaThe presence of active karstic subsidence processes affecting infrastructures requires detailed characterization, temporal evolution evaluations and the incorporation of compatible designs that do not increase the karstic risk. In this work a sector from the Luceni-Boquiheni road is evaluated. In this area, the cemented alluvial levels were removed to avoid the appearance of sudden collapses affecting the road . With the aim to monitor the karst affection to the new structure, a GPR analysis comparing results between 2010 and 2015 profiles is carried out. This evaluation integrates surficial information, geophysics, geotechnical data and the geomorphology of the are

Multidisciplinary 3D evaluation of a karstic structure related to collapse and subsidence (Ebro Basin)

La propagación de cavidades de disolución localizadas por debajo de series aluviales genera una serie de evidencias cuya representación superficial, en ocasiones, puede no ser indicativa de su extensión real en profundidad. La propagación de cavidades a través de medios heterogéneos, en los que pueden existir niveles cementados, puede producir cambios en la progresión de dichas cavidades y la identificación en superficie de grietas, colapsos, o zonas de subsidencia que pueden involucrar decenas de miles de metros cúbicos de material inestable. Cualquier tipo de evaluación de soluciones mitigadoras en estos contextos debe considerar la amplitud de estos volúmenes y el origen del proceso con independencia de la actividad registrada en superficie. En este trabajo se aborda un estudio integrado con el objetivo de determinar la estructura de un sector con evidencias de actividad kárstica superficial y evaluar su extensión y desarrollo tridimensional integrando el análisis geomorfológico, de inspección de campo, geofísica (GPR) y sondeosThe propagation of solution cavities located below alluvial deposits produce surficial evidences that, in some cases, cannot be representative of their actual extension at depth. Cavity propagation through heterogeneous media, for example with interbedded cemented levels, can produce changes in the propagation of deformation producing the identification of cracks, collapses or subsidence zones at the surface. These processes can involve thousands of cubic meters of unstable materials. Any evaluation of mitigation tasks, in this context, needs to consider: i) the amplitude of the affected volumes and ii) the in depth origin with independence of the surficial recorded activity In this work an integrated analysis is developed to evaluate the size and 3D structure of a sector with surficial evidences of karstic activity integrating geomorphological analysis, field inspection, geophysics (GPR) and borehole

Effects of a tailored exercise intervention in acutely hospitalized diabetic oldest old adults: An ancillary analysis

Objective: To analyze the effects of a tailored exercise intervention in acutely hospitalized oldest old diabetic patients. Research design and methods: This is an ancillary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. 103 acutely hospitalized older adults (mean age ~87 years) with type II diabetes were randomized to an intervention (exercise, n=54) or control group (usual care, n=49). The primary endpoint was change in functional status from baseline to hospital discharge as assessed with the Barthel index and the Short Physical Performance Battery [SSPB]. Secondary endpoints comprised cognitive function and mood status, quality of life (QoL), incidence of delirium, and handgrip strength. Exercise-related side effects, length of hospital stay and incidence of falls during hospitalization we also assessed, as well as transfer to nursing homes, hospital readmission and mortality during a 3-month follow-up. Results: The median length of stay was 8 days (interquartile range, 4) for both groups. The intervention was safe and provided significant benefits over usual care on SPPB (2.7 [95% confidence interval 1.8, 3.5]) and Barthel Index (8.5 [95% CI: 3.9, 13.1]), as well as on other secondary endpoints such as cognitive status, depression, QoL and handgrip strength (all p<0.05). No significant between-group differences were found for the remainder of secondary endpoints. Conclusions: An inhospital individualized multicomponent exercise intervention was safe and effective for the prevention of functional and cognitive decline in acutely hospitalized diabetic oldest old patients, although it had no influence on other endpoints assessed in during hospitalization of at 3-month follow-up after discharge.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02300896.Sin financiación5.958 JCR (2020) Q1, 28/145 Endocrinology & Metabolism2.206 SJR (2020) Q1, 46/438 BiochemistryNo data IDR 2019UE