Modeling the Calorific Value of Biomass from Fruit Trees Using Elemental Analysis Data

Pruning of fruit trees produces a great quantity of biomass each year that can be used for energy production. For this purpose, it is necessary to carry out an energy characterization of these pruned wastes, where the determination of heating value is significant. This value is usually measured by an adiabatic or isoperibolic calorimeter, which causes high economic costs and wastes time. The present study is focused on the development of indirect models for heating value prediction of biomass from orange trees Citrus × sinensis Osbeck, almond trees Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Webb, and olive trees Olea europaea L. from an elemental analysis in order to reduce the time of determination as well as the economic costs. Residual biomass was classified and characterized according to CEN regulations such as received, without drying. Also, moisture content wet basis, bark ratio, density, heating value, and elemental composition (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur) were measured. The influence of these variables on the heating value was analyzed. Finally, mathematical models were developed to predict this value for this studied species. These models showed coefficients of determination between 0.83 and 0.97, being suitable for industrial use

Aplicación de la evaluación On-line en asignaturas de contenido morfológico

[EN] The use of active participatory methodologies and therefore the students, practical content attribute meanings and encourage student participation. Allows commitment to the construction of implicating knowledge in the use of materials of initiation provided and designed by teachers but students independently, both individually and collectively, will be expanded and completing then move to a forum such documents and comments tutorial for feedback and participation are drawn directly. This material if necessary be completed, but this possible expansion will be made after public exposure in the classroom and to all colleagues. So the work is evaluated by the collective student-teachers (at least two) or possibly by titrating On-line contributions made by students. Later this documentation after the collaborative contributions of the entire group of students, will be uploaded to the platform online resources. This documentary will be generated based on the specific topic in view of the ongoing assessment of students and if the basis for global or recuperative assessment for certain students in the group material. Therefore, the action will create database documentation by the teacher, submit it to work for a particular student who sent the group (group of students and teacher), which collaboratively expanded to subsequently submit it to a wider forum the platform. Thus we get feedback that will lead to efficient participatory documentation, which is the objective sought in this work. This documentation generated will serve for continuous and personalized assessment of the performers, but also be the basis for the overall assessment of the subject or the subject for nonparticipating students.[ES] El uso de metodologías activas y por tanto participativas del alumnado, atribuyen significados prácticos a los contenidos y fomentan la participación del alumno. Permite el compromiso en la construcción del conocimiento implicandosé en el uso de materiales de iniciación aportados y diseñados por el profesorado pero que el alumno de forma autónoma, tanto individual como colectivamente, irá ampliando y completando para posteriormente pasar a un foro aquellos documentos y comentarios que por retroalimentación y con participación tutorial se van elaborando. Este material si es necesario se completará, pero esta posible ampliación será realizada, tras la exposición pública en aula y ante todos los compañeros. De forma que el trabajo es evaluado por el colectivo alumnos-profesores (en un mínimo de dos) o en su caso mediante valoración On-line de las aportaciones realizadas por los alumnos. Posteriormente esta documentación tras las aportaciones colaborativas de todo el grupo de alumnos, será subido a la plataforma de recursos on line. Ello será la base documental generada sobre el tema concreto con vistas a las evaluaciones continuas del alumnado y en su caso el material base para la evaluación global o recuperativa para determinados alumnos del grupo. Por lo tanto, la acción será crear una documentación base por parte del profesor, someterla a trabajo de un alumno concreto que enviará al colectivo (conjunto de alumnos y profesor), el cual de forma colaborativa ampliarán para posteriormente someterla a un foro más amplio en la plataforma. De esta forma conseguiremos una retroalimentación que conducirá a una documentación participativa eficiente, que es el objetivo buscado en este trabajo. Esta documentación generada servirá para la evaluación continua y personalizada de los actuantes, pero también será la base para la evaluación global de la temática o de la asignatura para el alumnado no participativo.López Cortés, I.; Salazar-García, D.; Velázquez Martí, B. (2016). Aplicación de la evaluación On-line en asignaturas de contenido morfológico. En In-Red 2016. II Congreso nacional de innovación educativa y docencia en red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2016.2016.4312OC

Influence of Fertilization and Rootstocks in the Biomass Energy Characterization of Prunus dulcis (Miller)

[EN] The importance of replacing fossil fuels with new energy routes such as the use of biomass leads to the improvement of sources such as agricultural and forest systems through adequate management techniques. The selection of the vegetal material and the management practices can influence the properties and quality of the obtained biofuel. The properties of the biomass obtained from pruning almond trees (Prunus dulcis (Mill)) have been analyzed in this study. Two varieties were tested, Marcona and Vayro, with three rootstocks, GF305, GF677 and GN Garnem, under different fertilization systems. The quality of the biofuel was evaluated with respect to the chemical composition and gross calorific value. We observed that the variables that mostly influenced the gross calorific value of the biomass were the variety, the rootstock and, primarily, the variety-rootstock interaction. Marcona presented better biomass properties than Vayro. Trees grafted on GF305 obtained a higher gross calorific value than the ones grafted on GF677 and GN Garnem. The percentage of nitrogen highly depended on the fertilization treatment applied, with saccharides and aminoacid fertilization accumulating a higher level of nitrogen than the humic and fluvic fertilization.This work was funded by Project 20170734. Development of methods of quantification of riparian vegetation biomass for the management of channels of the Comunitat Valenciana. Direccion General de Universidades. Generalitat Valenciana (Spain).Mondragón-Valero, A.; Velázquez Martí, B.; Salazar Hernández, DM.; López- Cortés, I. (2018). Influence of Fertilization and Rootstocks in the Biomass Energy Characterization of Prunus dulcis (Miller). Energies. 11(5):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11051189S112115Fernández-García, A., Rojas, E., Pérez, M., Silva, R., Hernández-Escobedo, Q., & Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2015). A parabolic-trough collector for cleaner industrial process heat. 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Biomass and Bioenergy, 35, S21-S30. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.03.045Sajdak, M., Velázquez-Martí, B., López-Cortés, I., Fernández-Sarría, A., & Estornell, J. (2014). Prediction models for estimating pruned biomass obtained from Platanus hispanica Münchh. used for material surveys in urban forests. Renewable Energy, 66, 178-184. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2013.12.005Sajdak, M., & Velazquez-Marti, B. (2012). Estimation of pruned biomass form dendrometric parameters on urban forests: Case study of Sophora japonica. Renewable Energy, 47, 188-193. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2012.04.002Velázquez-Martí, B., Fernández-González, E., López-Cortés, I., & Salazar-Hernández, D. M. (2011). Quantification of the residual biomass obtained from pruning of trees in Mediterranean olive groves. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(7), 3208-3217. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.042MacFarlane, D. W. (2009). 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Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 90(2), 140-154. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2010.11.006Morgan, H. M., Bu, Q., Liang, J., Liu, Y., Mao, H., Shi, A., … Ruan, R. (2017). A review of catalytic microwave pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for value-added fuel and chemicals. Bioresource Technology, 230, 112-121. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.059Oh, W.-D., Lisak, G., Webster, R. D., Liang, Y.-N., Veksha, A., Giannis, A., … Lim, T.-T. (2018). Insights into the thermolytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass waste to redox-active carbocatalyst: Durability of surface active sites. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 233, 120-129. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.106Velázquez-Martí, B., López-Cortés, I., Salazar-Hernández, D., & Callejón-Ferre, Á. J. (2017). Modeling the Calorific Value of Biomass from Fruit Trees Using Elemental Analysis Data. Biomass Volume Estimation and Valorization for Energy. doi:10.5772/65276Toklu, E. (2017). Biomass energy potential and utilization in Turkey. Renewable Energy, 107, 235-244. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.02.008Velázquez-Martí, B., Fernández-González, E., López-Cortés, I., & Salazar-Hernández, D. M. (2011). Quantification of the residual biomass obtained from pruning of trees in Mediterranean almond groves. Renewable Energy, 36(2), 621-626. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2010.08.008Winzer, F., Kraska, T., Elsenberger, C., Kötter, T., & Pude, R. (2017). Biomass from fruit trees for combined energy and food production. Biomass and Bioenergy, 107, 279-286. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.10.027Callejón-Ferre, A. J., Carreño-Sánchez, J., Suárez-Medina, F. J., Pérez-Alonso, J., & Velázquez-Martí, B. (2014). Prediction models for higher heating value based on the structural analysis of the biomass of plant remains from the greenhouses of Almería (Spain). Fuel, 116, 377-387. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.08.023Barco, A., Maucieri, C., & Borin, M. (2018). Root system characterization and water requirements of ten perennial herbaceous species for biomass production managed with high nitrogen and water inputs. Agricultural Water Management, 196, 37-47. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2017.10.017Yin, C.-Y. (2011). Prediction of higher heating values of biomass from proximate and ultimate analyses. Fuel, 90(3), 1128-1132. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.11.031Vargas-Moreno, J. M., Callejón-Ferre, A. J., Pérez-Alonso, J., & Velázquez-Martí, B. (2012). A review of the mathematical models for predicting the heating value of biomass materials. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 3065-3083. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.054Velázquez-Martí, B., Sajdak, M., López-Cortés, I., & Callejón-Ferre, A. J. (2014). Wood characterization for energy application proceeding from pruning Morus alba L., Platanus hispanica Münchh. and Sophora japonica L. in urban areas. Renewable Energy, 62, 478-483. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2013.08.010Bychkov, A. L., Denkin, A. I., Tikhova, V. D., & Lomovsky, O. I. (2017). Prediction of higher heating values of plant biomass from ultimate analysis data. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 130(3), 1399-1405. doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6350-0Osman, A. I., Abdelkader, A., Johnston, C. R., Morgan, K., & Rooney, D. W. (2017). Thermal Investigation and Kinetic Modeling of Lignocellulosic Biomass Combustion for Energy Production and Other Applications. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56(42), 12119-12130. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03478Sheng, C., & Azevedo, J. L. T. (2005). Estimating the higher heating value of biomass fuels from basic analysis data. Biomass and Bioenergy, 28(5), 499-507. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.11.008Álvarez, A., Pizarro, C., García, R., & Bueno, J. L. (2015). Spanish biofuels heating value estimation based on structural analysis. 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Automatic segmentation of ventricular volume by 3D ultrasonography in post haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation among preterm infants

To train, evaluate, and validate the application of a deep learning framework in three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) for the automatic segmentation of ventricular volume in preterm infants with post haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD). We trained a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) for automatic segmentation ventricular volume from 3D US of preterm infants with PHVD. The method was validated with the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the intra-class coefficient (ICC) compared to manual segmentation. The mean birth weight of the included patients was 1233.1 g (SD 309.4) and mean gestational age was 28.1 weeks (SD 1.6). A total of 152 serial 3D US from 10 preterm infants with PHVD were analysed. 230 ventricles were manually segmented. Of these, 108 were used for training a 2D CNN and 122 for validating the methodology for automatic segmentation. The global agreement for manual versus automated measures in the validation data (n=122) was excellent with an ICC of 0.944 (0.874-0.971). The Dice similarity coefficient was 0.8 (+/- 0.01). 3D US based ventricular volume estimation through an automatic segmentation software developed through deep learning improves the accuracy and reduces the processing time needed for manual segmentation using VOCAL. 3D US should be considered a promising tool to help deepen our current understanding of the complex evolution of PHVD

Los determinantes de la Función de Consumo: Teoría económica y demostración empírica

En el siguiente documento de trabajo, se va a prestar atención a las diferentes teorías sobre la función de consumo, desarrolladas durante el siglo XX, como las teorías de la renta disponible de Keynes, la renta permanente de Friedman y el ciclo vital de Modigliani. Una vez desarrolladas éstas, se creará una relación genérica para el consumo que permitirá estudiar y contrastar para una muestra dada, diferentes modelos anidados a la forma general. Una vez seleccionadas las regresiones que mejor se ajusten a la evolución del consumo y se determinen los componentes que influyen sobre los planes de consumo de los agentes, se procederá a la explotación del modelo a través de la predicción

Ventaja fiscal, mercados financieros y renta media de los Top Income: un análisis de largo plazo sobre el patrimonio de las SICAV

Este documento de trabajo trata de identificar bajo la lógica económica, un marco de referencia teórico que permita dar explicación al fenómeno de inversión en patrimonio de las SICAV españolas. Los temas tratados versan desde la posible existencia de un incentivo fiscal para este tipo de instrumentos de ahorro, hasta la posible influencia del ciclo económico real en la determinación del patrimonio. Posteriormente, y a través del análisis de series temporales, se consigue obtener evidencia empírica para el tema en cuestión. En concreto, se estima un modelo con Mecanismo de Corrección del Error que permite asegurar que hay una relación de equilibrio a largo plazo entre el patrimonio de las SICAV, la evolución de los mercados de capitales, y la renta de las grandes fortunas

Características del currículo y de la acción curricular de un programa de licenciatura en educación artística / Características do currículo e da acção curricular de um programa de bacharelato em educação artística

Los procesos formativos de los profesionales que requieren los países para dar respuesta a las necesidades sociales implican que los programas curriculares se reflexionen, indagando por su pertinencia en los entornos locales, nacionales y mundiales. La atención a la profesionalización de educadores artísticos tiene en la investigación educativa una fuente importante para identificar las percepciones que sobre el diseño curricular y su puesta en acción generan los protagonistas del trabajo educativo en los procesos de autoevaluación y los evaluadores externos para, posteriormente, convocar la participación de los actores educativos implicados a la elaboración y desarrollo de planes de mejora que respondan a las necesidades de los desarrollos personales y de los programas, en la búsqueda de mejores posibilidades para alcanzar los fines de la formación. Este artículo sintetiza los aspectos fundamentales de una investigación realizada acerca del diseño del currículo y de la acción curricular en la Licenciatura en Educación Artística de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (Bogotá, D.C., Colombia)

Prediction and evaluation of biomass obtained from citrus trees pruning

[EN] The aim of this work was to evaluate the amount of residual biomass obtained from citrus tree plantations. This amount is influenced by the variety and aim of the pruning. The trials show that the amount of pruned biomass can be considered similar in the varieties Naveline and Washington Navel, giving an average 4.73 kg per tree and 2.68 tons per hectare. The Valencia Late produced about 48% more than the other evaluated varieties. The amount of residual biomass per tree obtained in formation pruning was about 49% lower than the trees in full production, giving 4.7 tons of dry biomass per hectare. Furthermore, the amount of pruned biomass from mandarin varieties studied show that they can be classified two groups. Varieties Clemenvilla and Owall form the first homogeneous group with bigger amount of residues with average 9.6 kg per tree and 6.9 tons per hectare, while the second homogeneous group included by the rest of varieties, with 3.8 kg per tree and 2.9 tons per hectare. Factors, such as age or growing space per tree increase the wood residues production to 66% and 53.3%, respectively, in mandarin trees. Regression equations have been modeled to predict the available biomass per tree and per hectare from dendrometic characteristics of the trees. The coefficients of determination have been acceptable. The drying process of pruned materials has been depicted. The density and gross power heat have been measured. The information offered by these equations is of vital importance to estimate the amount of biomass that is generated in a given area, and for implementing GIS maps. In addition, logistic algorithms can be applied.The techniques shown in this paper were developed by the project AGL2007-62328 funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain, and FEDER fundsVelázquez Martí, B.; Fernández González, E.; López Cortés, I.; Callejón-Ferre, A. (2013). Prediction and evaluation of biomass obtained from citrus trees pruning. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment. 11(3&4):1485-1494. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/6295814851494113&

Aprendizaje mediante el ejercicio práctico de actividades en asignaturas de ciencias agrarias

[ES] En este trabajo se presenta la experiencia de la aplicación de una metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje basada en prácticas en asignaturas de temática agrícola y agroindustrial. Ésta consistió en dedicar un 70% de las horas a prácticas de campo y laboratorio, y un 30% de contenidos teóricos. Los contenidos teóricos fueron dirigidos a lecturas de bibliografía que después se exponen en foros antes de la aplicación de la práctica. Las prácticas se centraron en experimentar procesos propios de cada cultivo, tales como diferenciación de especies, técnicas de siembra y plantación, reconocimiento de plagas y enfermedades, técnicas de poda, realización de injertos etc. En las asignaturas de agroindustria, tales como aprovechamiento energético de la biomasa, las practicas se orientaron a ejercicios de laboratorio para calcular propiedades de materiales biocombustibles, tales como el poder calorífico, composición de CHN, cenizas etc. La evaluación se realiza de forma tradicional, mediante exámenes parciales y final. También se evalúan las memorias de prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos durante dos años mostraron un aumento de la puntuación de la valoración de la asignatura en las encuestas institucionales. El nivel de aprobados por curso aumentó alrededor de un 10%. Además se realizaron entrevistas para indagar en los aspectos relevantes de la técnica, realizando los alumnos análisis DAFO (Debilidades, Amenazas, Fortalezas, Oportunidades). Entre las debilidades más relevantes se muestra la exigencia de ir a clase para seguir bien el método diseñado de aprendizaje.Velázquez-Martí, B.; López Cortés, I.; Vinueza-Villares, V.; Salazar Hernández, DM. (2021). Aprendizaje mediante el ejercicio práctico de actividades en asignaturas de ciencias agrarias. En Proceedings INNODOCT/20. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 615-622. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2020.2020.11882OCS61562

Mobile clinical decision support systems and applications: a literature and commercial review

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10916-013-0004-y[EN] Background: The latest advances in eHealth and mHealth have propitiated the rapidly creation and expansion of mobile applications for health care. One of these types of applications are the clinical decision support systems, which nowadays are being implemented in mobile apps to facilitate the access to health care professionals in their daily clinical decisions. Objective: The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to make a review of the current systems available in the literature and in commercial stores. Secondly, to analyze a sample of applications in order to obtain some conclusions and recommendations. Methods: Two reviews have been done: a literature review on Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Knowledge and PubMed and a commercial review on Google play and the App Store. Five applications from each review have been selected to develop an in-depth analysis and to obtain more information about the mobile clinical decision support systems. Results: 92 relevant papers and 192 commercial apps were found. 44 papers were focused only on mobile clinical decision support systems. 171 apps were available on Google play and 21 on the App Store. The apps are designed for general medicine and 37 different specialties, with some features common in all of them despite of the different medical fields objective. Conclusions: The number of mobile clinical decision support applications and their inclusion in clinical practices has risen in the last years. However, developers must be careful with their interface or the easiness of use, which can impoverish the experience of the users.This research has been partially supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain. This research has been partially supported by the ICT-248765 EU-FP7 Project. 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