Incidencia de la Publicidad en Buses de Transporte Público del Cantón Rumiñahui y su Influencia en el Comportamiento del Consumidor

The objective of the present investigation is to determine if the advertising displayed on means of transport in the Rumiñahui Canton has a favorable impact on consumer behavior from the point of view of marketing. The focus of the study is mixed, the type of research is correlational, the design is non-experimental, cross-sectional and allows measuring the correspondence between the variables: mobile outdoor advertising in public transport and consumer behavior variables. A field investigation was conducted through a structured interview, which was validated by 8 experts. Directors of public transport bus cooperatives were consulted and an interview was conducted with a sample of 383 public transport users, by random sampling of the total population of Rumiñahui. For the purpose of analyzing the data collected, a univariate analysis was performed first for each question and then bivariate with the chi-square test to analyze the influence between the dimensions of the variables. The result obtained was the rejection of the null hypothesis originally proposed, concluding that publicity in public transport buses favorably influences the behavior of public transport users as a strategy to encourage consumption.El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar si la publicidad visualizada en medios de transporte, en el Cantón Rumiñahui incide favorablemente en el comportamiento del consumidor desde el punto de vista del marketing. El enfoque del estudio es mixto, el tipo de investigación es correlacional, el diseño es de campo no experimental, transversal y permite medir la correspondencia entre las variables: publicidad exterior móvil en el transporte público y las variables del comportamiento del consumidor. Se realizó una investigación de campo mediante entrevista estructurada, la cual fue validada mediante 8 expertos. Se consultó a directivos de cooperativas de buses de transporte público y se realizó una entrevista con una muestra de 383 usuarios del transporte público, mediante muestreo aleatorio de la población total de Rumiñahui. A efectos del análisis de los datos recabados, se realizó en primer lugar un análisis univariado por cada pregunta y luego bivariado con la prueba chi cuadrado para analizar la influencia entre las dimensiones de las variables. El resultado obtuvo el rechazo de la hipótesis nula planteada originalmente, concluyéndose que la publicidad en buses de transporte público influye favorablemente en el comportamiento de los usuarios del transporte público como estrategia para incentivar el consumo.

University quality measurement model based on balanced scorecard

A Higher Education Institution (HEI) has the responsibility to track the processes through indicators that guarantee the measurement of the results in almost real time. This article presents the design of a management and quality model of the processes in a university, through the integration of a Balance Scorecard (BSC) and the implementation of an information system. For which it was required: a review of existing tracing and monitoring systems in the academic sector, definition of the requirements of the proposed technological, a diagnosis of the current measurement system of the HEI analyzed, identify measurement indicators and develop a technological tool. The designed model presents a precise and clear methodological guide that can be replicated in any HEI to monitor its processes

Thermalization time of noble metal nanoparticles: effects of the electron density profile

The lack of d-electron screening in the s-electron spill-out region at the surface of Ag nanoparticles increases the electron-electron interaction in this region compared to the bulk. Therefore when comparing the electron-electron interaction contribution to the thermalization time of nanoparticles of varying radius, smaller particles thermalize faster due to the increased surface to bulk ratio. One aspect which has not been addressed is the effect of the spatial distribution of charge at the surface of the nanoparticle. In this work it is shown that the size dependence of the thermalization time is very sensitive to the surface density profile. The electron thermalization time of conduction electrons in noble metal nanoparticles as a function of the radius is calculated. The sensitivity of the scattering rate to the spatial distribution of charge at the surface of the nanostructure is analyzed using several model surface profiles. The change in surface charge distribution via charging or coating of the nanospheres is shown to be a tool for control and probing of the ultra-fast electron-electron dynamics in metallic nanoparticles

Hot-electron dynamics at noble metal surfaces

The dynamics of excited electronic states at Ag surfaces is studied by evaluating the quasiparticle self-energy within the GW approximation. The screened Coulomb interaction W is shown to be sensitive to the spatial variation of s-d screening near the surface. In the region of s-electron spill-out electronic damping is stronger than in the bulk due to the reduced s-d polarization, giving rise to shorter surface-state lifetimes. The lifetime of Ag image states is expected to be strongly reduced due to decay into surface plasmons

Local field effects in the dynamical response of Ag

We evaluate the local field effect for an Ag crystal within the "Swiss cheese" model employing different approximations for the intra-band screening. In this model the inter-band transitions are modeled through polarizable entities with appropriate polarizability localized at the lattice sites of the crystal. Their mutual interactions are screened by the dielectric response of the conduction electrons. We assume a homogeneous electron gas described by either nonlocal hydrodynamic or Lindhard dielectric functions or by a local Drude response. We calculate the screened dipole-dipole interaction tensor and find that it increases with the degree of spatial dispersion. We identify the local field effects on the macroscopic dielectric function and conclude that they depend very strongly on the non-locality of the intra-band screening

Surface plasmon dispersion at silver single-crystal surfaces

We develop a model for the calculation of screening at the surface of single Ag crystals, including the response of both conduction and bound electrons. We obtain the electron-energy-loss spectra on the low index faces, and from it, the corresponding surface plasmon (SP) dispersion relations. Our results depend strongly on the face orientation and, for Ag(110), and also on the propagation direction. With an appropriate choice of surface density profile for the conduction electrons, our model yields large positive SP dispersions, in qualitative agreement with experiment. [S0163-1829(99)11631-X]

Theory of 45 degrees reflectometry from metal surfaces

The use of optical spectroscopies to study surfaces is hindered by the difficulty of disentangling bulk and surface contributions to the signal. According to Fresnel formulae, the a and p reflectances R of a semi-infinite system obey the simple relation Delta = R-s(2) - R-p = 0 when the incidence angle is 45 degrees. Deviations from this result can be related to microscopic surface contributions to R. In this paper we study theoretically Delta for metal surfaces. For a semi-infinite nat jellium we obtain the contributions to Delta from electronic excitations at the surface. To explore Delta for non-jellium conductors, we apply a 'Swiss cheese' model to different surfaces of Ag

Bulk response of composites from finite samples

The bulk macroscopic dielectric response of a disordered composite is calculated employing a large finite sample instead of an infinite one obtained by replicating a unit cell, as has usually been done. We explicitly account for boundary effects through the macroscopic depolarization field, and finite size corrections are minimized by the large size of the system. The generation of the composite and the calculation of the interactions between the great number of particles become feasible using a newly developed hierarchical multi-resolution scheme. The dielectric response of a composite made up of Ag spheres embedded in glass and the composition independent spectral density agree with those from previous simulations and we discuss their differences with analytical theories based on a renormalized polarizability. Confinement effects due to inhomogeneities close to the boundary of the system are also investigated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

La Satisfacción del Ambiente Laboral en el Departamento de Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas y del Comercio de la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas

En la actualidad, las estrategias sobre dirección y desarrollo del personal son el factor más importante que permite el logro de los objetivos institucionales. Dentro de este campo existen procesos que intervienen directamente, tales como la capacitación, remuneración, condiciones de trabajo, motivación y clima organizacional. El factor humano constituye un elemento vital para el desarrollo de los procesos de cualquier organización. Para analizar la satisfacción del ambiente laboral en el Departamento de Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas y del Comercio de la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, para presentar propuestas de solución. La muestra quedó conformada por un total de 134 profesores a los que se les aplicó una encuesta. El cuestionario de ésta quedó compuesto por 14 preguntas, distribuidas en 11 módulos que integran información sobre los factores que influyen en el grado de satisfacción de los docentes del departamento, tales como la relación con los compañeros y superiores, reconocimiento, entorno físico, supervisión y participación en la toma de decisiones. Se realizó el análisis de Correspondencia Múltiple. Los resultados confirman el impacto que tiene el conjunto de factores como la relación entre compañeros y supervisores. Se concluyen que el entorno físico y el reconocimiento por su trabajo influyen, de manera especial, en el grado de satisfacción de los docentes