Valoración del crecimiento y del estado nutricional en niños adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatría. Fecha de lectura: 28 de Junio de 2011

CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF KOSOVO AND RWANDA VICTIMS

Objective: Crimes occurred in Rwanda (1994) and Kosovo (1999) have been considered as genocides. Our main objective was to describe the difference between the crimes committed in Kosovo and Rwanda based on the victims found in each area according to their age, gender, and way to die. Methods: Bodies were found in those places selected by field observers. We have included all human and material elements that were found near the bodies in Rwanda and Kosovo. We also have taken photographs to the lesions in some cases to document our findings. As a criterion for inclusion, it was necessary to be able to identify the form of death and the ethnic group (in Rwanda, Tutsi or moderate Hutus, and in Kosovo, the Kosovar Albanian victims). All samples that did not meet the requirements to determine personal characteristics were excluded. Results: A total of 1044 bodies were individually studied, 857 from Rwanda and 187 from Kosovo. Our results reveal differences in the injuries presented in most Rwandan victims, were most were due to machetes or canes, and those in Kosovo where most were due to firearms or explosions. Most of the bodies studied in Rwanda belong to the Tutsi ethnic group and were not buried. However, the majority of the bodies found in Kosovo were individually buried. Conclusions: We conclude that there are differences in the studied victims attending to their characteristic and their wounds in Kosovo and Rwanda

H- ras deletion protects against angiotensin II-induced arterial hypertension and cardiac remodeling through protein kinase G-Ibeta pathway activation

15 p.Ras proteins regulate cell survival, growth, differentiation, blood pressure, and fibrosis in some organs.We have demonstrated that H-rasgene deletion produces mice hypotensionviaa soluble guanylate cyclase-proteinkinase G (PKG)–dependent mechanism. In this study, we analyzed the consequences of H-rasdeletiononcardiacremodeling induced by continuous angiotensin II (AngII) infusion and the molecular mechanisms implied. Leftventricular posterior wall thickness and mass and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area were similar between AngII-treated H-Ras knockout (H-ras2/2) and control wild-type (H-ras+/+) mice, as were extracellular matrix proteinexpression. Increased cardiac PKG-Ibprotein expression in H-ras2/2mice suggests the involvement of this proteinin heart protection.Ex vivoexperiments on cardiac explants could support this mechanism, as PKG blockadeblunted protection against AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis markers in H-ras2/2mice. Geneticmodulation studies in cardiomyocytes and cardiac and embryonic fibroblasts revealed that the lack of H-Ras down-regulates the B-RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, which induces the glycogen synthase kinase-3b-dependent activation ofthe transcription factor, cAMP response element-binding protein, which is responsible for PKG-Iboverexpressionin H-ras2/2mouse embryonic fibroblasts. This study demonstrates that H-rasdeletion protects against AngII-induced cardiac remodeling, possiblyviaa mechanism in which PKG-Iboverexpression could play a partial role, andpoints to H-Ras and/or downstream proteins as potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIUniversidad de AlcaláFundación SenefroFEDE

The OTELO survey. A case study of [O III]4959,5007 emitters at <z> = 0.83

The OTELO survey is a very deep, blind exploration of a selected region of the Extended Groth Strip and is designed for finding emission-line sources (ELSs). The survey design, observations, data reduction, astrometry, and photometry, as well as the correlation with ancillary data used to obtain a final catalogue, including photo-z estimates and a preliminary selection of ELS, were described in a previous contribution. Here, we aim to determine the main properties and luminosity function (LF) of the [O III] ELS sample of OTELO as a scientific demonstration of its capabilities, advantages, and complementarity with respect to other surveys. The selection and analysis procedures of ELS candidates obtained using tunable filter (TF) pseudo-spectra are described. We performed simulations in the parameter space of the survey to obtain emission-line detection probabilities. Relevant characteristics of [O III] emitters and the LF([O III]), including the main selection biases and uncertainties, are presented. A total of 184 sources were confirmed as [O III] emitters at a mean redshift z=0.83. The minimum detectable line flux and equivalent width (EW) in this ELS sample are $\sim$5 $\times$ 10$^{-19}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{2}$ and $\sim$6 \AA, respectively. We are able to constrain the faint-end slope ($\alpha = -1.03\pm0.08$) of the observed LF([O III]) at z=0.83. This LF reaches values that are approximately ten times lower than those from other surveys. The vast majority (84\%) of the morphologically classified [O III] ELSs are disc-like sources, and 87\% of this sample is comprised of galaxies with stellar masses of M$_\star$ $<$ 10$^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$.Comment: v1: 16 pages, 6 figures. Accepted in Astronomy \& Astrophysics. v2: Author added in metadat

Galaxy classification: deep learning on the OTELO and COSMOS databases

Context. The accurate classification of hundreds of thousands of galaxies observed in modern deep surveys is imperative if we want to understand the universe and its evolution. Aims. Here, we report the use of machine learning techniques to classify early- and late-type galaxies in the OTELO and COSMOS databases using optical and infrared photometry and available shape parameters: either the Sersic index or the concentration index. Methods. We used three classification methods for the OTELO database: 1) u-r color separation , 2) linear discriminant analysis using u-r and a shape parameter classification, and 3) a deep neural network using the r magnitude, several colors, and a shape parameter. We analyzed the performance of each method by sample bootstrapping and tested the performance of our neural network architecture using COSMOS data. Results. The accuracy achieved by the deep neural network is greater than that of the other classification methods, and it can also operate with missing data. Our neural network architecture is able to classify both OTELO and COSMOS datasets regardless of small differences in the photometric bands used in each catalog. Conclusions. In this study we show that the use of deep neural networks is a robust method to mine the cataloged dataComment: 20 pages, 10 tables, 14 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics (in press

The OTELO survey: the star formation rate evolution of low-mass galaxies

We present the analysis of a sample of \ha\,, \hb\ and \oii\ emission line galaxies from the \otelo\ survey, with masses typically below log(M_*/M_\sun) \sim 9.4 and redshifts between $z \sim 0.4$ and 1.43. We study the star formation rate, star formation rate density, and number density and their evolution with redshift. We obtain a robust estimate of the specific star formation rate -- stellar mass relation based on the lowest mass sample published so far. We also determine a flat trend of the star formation rate density and number density with redshift. Our results suggest a scenario of no evolution of the number density of galaxies, regardless of their masses, up to redshift $z\sim1.4$. This implies a gradual change of the relative importance of the star forming processes, from high-mass galaxies to low-mass galaxies, with decreasing redshift. We also find little or no variation of the star formation rate density in the redshift range of $0.4<z<1.43$.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ letter

The OTELO survey II. The faint-end of the Hα luminosity function at z ∼ 0.40

ABSTRACT: Aims. We take advantage of the capability of the OTELO survey to obtain the Hα luminosity function (LF) at z∼0.40. Because of the deepest coverage of OTELO, we are able to determine the faint end of the LF, and thus better constrain the star formation rate and the number of galaxies at low luminosities. The AGN contribution to this LF is estimated as well. Methods. We make use of the multiwavelength catalogue of objects in the field compiled by the OTELO survey, which is unique in terms of minimum flux and equivalent width. We also take advantage of the pseudo-spectra built for each source, which allow the identification of emission lines and the discrimination of different types of objects. Results. The Hα luminosity function at z∼0.40 is obtained, which extends the current faint end by almost 1 dex, reaching minimal luminosities of log10 Llim=38.5 erg s−1 (or ∼0.002 M yr−1). The AGN contribution to the total Hα luminosity is estimated. We find that no AGN should be expected below a luminosity of log10 L=38.6 erg s−1. From the sample of non-AGN (presumably, pure SFG) at z∼0.40 we estimated a star formation rate density of ρSFR = 0.012 ± 0.005 M yr−1 Mpc−3This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the grants AYA2013-46724-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-1-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-2-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-3-P, AYA2016-75808-R, AYA2016-75931-C2-2-P, AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P, and AYA2017-88007-C3-2-