Evaluation of CupCarbon Network Simulator for Wireless Sensor Networks

[EN] Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a technology in continuous evolution with great future and a huge quantity of applications. The implementation and deployment of a WSN imply important expenses, so it is interesting to simulate the operation of our design before deploying it. In addition, WSNs are limited by a set of parameters such as the low processing capacity, low storing capacity or limited energy. Energy consumption is the most limiting parameter since the network stability and availability depends on the survival of the nodes. To check the correct operation of a network, currently, there are several network simulators and day by day new proposals are launched. This paper presents the evaluation of a new network simulator called CupCarbon. Along the document, we present the main characteristics of this simulator and check its operation by an example. To evaluate the ease of use of this new network simulator, we propose a modified version of Dijkstra algorithm. In addition of considering the cost route to calculate the best route, it considers the remaining energy in nodes as an additional parameter to evaluate the best route. CupCarbon allows implementing our proposal and the results show that our proposal is able to offer a more stable network with an increase of the network lifetime of the 20%. Finally, to extract some conclusions from our experiences, we compare the characteristics and results of CupCarbon with the most common network simulators currently used by researchers. Our conclusions point out that CupCarbon can be used as a complementary tool for those simulators that are not able to monitor the energy consumption in nodes. However, it needs some improvements to reach the level of functionality of the most used simulators. CupCarbon could be an interesting option for academic environments.López-Pavón, C.; Sendra, S.; Valenzuela-Valdés, JF. (2018). Evaluation of CupCarbon Network Simulator for Wireless Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms. 10(2):1-27. https://doi.org/10.5296/npa.v10i2.13201S12710

Knockout packet loss probability analysis of SCWP optical packet switching wavelength distributed knockout architecture

The deployment of Optical Packet Switching (OPS) in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) backbone networks is perceived as a medium term promising alternative. Scalability restrictions imply that conventional switching architectures are unfeasible in this large-scale scenario. In a previous paper, the wavelength-distributed knockout architecture was proposed as a cost-effective scaling strategy for OPS switching fabrics. In this paper, this growable architecture is applied to OPS switching fabrics able to emulate output buffering. We also propose an scheduling algorithm which provides optimum performance if knockout packet losses are made negligible. The mathematical analysis to evaluate the knockout packet loss probability of this architecture is obtained, under uniform and non-uniform traffic patterns. To complement the switch dimensioning process, an upper bound assuring 0-knockout packet losses is compared with the exact analytical results.This research has been funded by Spanish MCyT grants TEC2004-05622-C04-01/TCM (CAPITAL) and TEC2004-05622-C04-02/TCM (ARPaq) and Xunta de Galicia grant PGIDIT04TIC322003PR

New Materials for 3D-Printing Based on Polycaprolactone with Gum Rosin and Beeswax as Additives

[EN] In this work, different materials for three-dimensional (3D)-printing were studied, which based on polycaprolactone with two natural additives, gum rosin, and beeswax. During the 3D-printing process, the bed and extrusion temperatures of each formulation were established. After, the obtained materials were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and structural properties. The results showed that the formulation with containing polycaprolactone with a mixture of gum rosin and beeswax as additive behaved better during the 3D-printing process. Moreover, the miscibility and compatibility between the additives and the matrix were concluded through the thermal assessment. The mechanical characterization established that the addition of the mixture of gum rosin and beeswax provides greater tensile strength than those additives separately, facilitating 3D-printing. In contrast, the addition of beeswax increased the ductility of the material, which makes the 3D-printing processing difficult. Despite the fact that both natural additives had a plasticizing effect, the formulations containing gum rosin showed greater elongation at break. Finally, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy assessment deduced that polycaprolactone interacts with the functional groups of the additives.This research was supported by the Spanish State Agency of Research trough the project MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R and Universidad Politecnica de Valencia-GVA through the project "Development".Pavón-Vargas, CP.; Aldas-Carrasco, MF.; López-Martínez, J.; Ferrándiz Bou, S. (2020). New Materials for 3D-Printing Based on Polycaprolactone with Gum Rosin and Beeswax as Additives. Polymers. 12(2):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12020334S120122Zhu, Y., Romain, C., & Williams, C. K. (2016). Sustainable polymers from renewable resources. 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Trends in Food Science & Technology, 22(11), 611-617. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2011.01.007Arrieta, M. P., Samper, M. D., Jiménez-López, M., Aldas, M., & López, J. (2017). Combined effect of linseed oil and gum rosin as natural additives for PVC. Industrial Crops and Products, 99, 196-204. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.02.009Wilbon, P. A., Chu, F., & Tang, C. (2012). Progress in Renewable Polymers from Natural Terpenes, Terpenoids, and Rosin. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 34(1), 8-37. doi:10.1002/marc.201200513Narayanan, M., Loganathan, S., Valapa, R. B., Thomas, S., & Varghese, T. O. (2017). UV protective poly(lactic acid)/rosin films for sustainable packaging. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 99, 37-45. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.152Kouparitsas, I. K., Mele, E., & Ronca, S. (2019). Synthesis and Electrospinning of Polycaprolactone from an Aluminium-Based Catalyst: Influence of the Ancillary Ligand and Initiators on Catalytic Efficiency and Fibre Structure. 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A., Prawiro, E., Luanto, R. A., & Mahlia, T. M. I. (2017). Thermal properties of beeswax/graphene phase change material as energy storage for building applications. Applied Thermal Engineering, 112, 273-280. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.085Aldas, M., Rayón, E., López-Martínez, J., & Arrieta, M. P. (2020). A Deeper Microscopic Study of the Interaction between Gum Rosin Derivatives and a Mater-Bi Type Bioplastic. Polymers, 12(1), 226. doi:10.3390/polym12010226Vasile, C., Stoleru, E., Darie-Niţa, R. N., Dumitriu, R. P., Pamfil, D., & Tarţau, L. (2019). Biocompatible Materials Based on Plasticized Poly(lactic acid), Chitosan and Rosemary Ethanolic Extract I. Effect of Chitosan on the Properties of Plasticized Poly(lactic acid) Materials. Polymers, 11(6), 941. doi:10.3390/polym11060941Fabra, M. J., Jiménez, A., Atarés, L., Talens, P., & Chiralt, A. (2009). Effect of Fatty Acids and Beeswax Addition on Properties of Sodium Caseinate Dispersions and Films. 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Pine Resin Derivatives as Sustainable Additives to Improve the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Injected Moulded Thermoplastic Starch

[EN] Fully bio-based materials based on thermoplastic starch (TPS) were developed starting from corn starch plasticized with glycerol. The obtained TPS was further blended with five pine resin derivatives: gum rosin (GR), disproportionated gum rosin (dehydroabietic acid, RD), maleic anhydride modified gum rosin (CM), pentaerythritol ester of gum rosin (LF), and glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG). The TPS¿resin blend formulations were processed by melt extrusion and further by injection moulding to simulate the industrial conditions. The obtained materials were characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal and structural properties. The results showed that all gum rosin-based additives were able to improve the thermal stability of TPS, increasing the degradation onset temperature. The carbonyl groups of gum rosin derivatives were able to interact with the hydroxyl groups of starch and glycerol by means of hydrogen bond interactions producing a significant increase of the glass transition temperature with a consequent stiffening effect, which in turn improve the overall mechanical performance of the TPS-resin injected moulded blends. The developed TPS¿resin blends are of interest for rigid packaging applications.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), project: PROMADEPCOL (MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R) as well as by Santander-UCM (PR87/19-22628) project. M.A. thanks Secretaria Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT-Ecuador) and Escuela Politécnica Nacional. C.P. thanks Santiago Grisolía fellowship (GRISOLIAP/2019/113) from Generalitat Valenciana and M.P.A. thanks MINECO for her postdoctoral contract: Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación (FJCI-2017-33536).Aldas-Carrasco, MF.; Pavón-Vargas, CP.; López-Martínez, J.; Arrieta, MP. (2020). Pine Resin Derivatives as Sustainable Additives to Improve the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Injected Moulded Thermoplastic Starch. Applied Sciences. 10(7):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072561S117107An Analysis of European Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data https://www.plasticseurope.org/application/files/6315/4510/9658/Plastics_the_facts_2018_AF_web.pdfArrieta, M., Samper, M., Aldas, M., & López, J. (2017). On the Use of PLA-PHB Blends for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications. Materials, 10(9), 1008. doi:10.3390/ma10091008Avérous, L. (2004). Biodegradable Multiphase Systems Based on Plasticized Starch: A Review. 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Deposition of gum rosin microspheres on polypropylene microfibres used in face masks to enhance their hydrophobic behaviour

[EN] The present study aims to investigate the effects of gum rosin (GR) microspheres coating over the hydrophobicity of the outer layer of a polypropylene (PP) based surgical face mask. The gum rosin coating was deposited over the surface of the face mask outer layer by electrospraying technique. The deposition of GR microspheres was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The thermal analysis determined a cooperative effect between the microspheres and the mask fibre to increase the maximum degradation rate temperature and the onset degradation temperature. To follow the effect of the GR microspheres coating over the hydrophobicity of the surgical face mask, FESEM and wettability analyses were conducted before and after 3, 6, and 9 h of wearing time. In the FESEM image, it was seen that the microsphere was homogeneously distributed over the nonwoven fibre and its presence increases the roughness of the fibres due to the bulge of microspheres. The wettability measurements suggest that the microspheres coating helps to keep the original hydrophobicity of the outer layer of the surgical face mask even after 6 h of wearing time. Indeed, after 9 h of wearing time, the water contact angle (WCA) of the GR coated face mask is higher than the WCA of the surgical face mask without the coating at 3 h of wearing time. Therefore, the gun rosin microspheres coating improved the hydrophobicity of the surgical face mask which may allow improved protection and/or extended lifetime of use.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), project: PROMADEPCOL (MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R). Cristina Pavon thanks Santiago Grisolía fellowship (GRISOLIAP/2019/113) from Generalitat Valenciana. Miguel Aldas thanks Secretaria de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT, Ecuador) and Escuela Politécnica Nacional.Pavón-Vargas, CP.; Aldás-Carrasco, MF.; Rayón Encinas, E.; Arrieta, MP.; López-Martínez, J. (2021). Deposition of gum rosin microspheres on polypropylene microfibres used in face masks to enhance their hydrophobic behaviour. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 24:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101812S1112

Films Based on Thermoplastic Starch Blended with Pine Resin Derivatives for Food Packaging

[EN] Completely biobased and biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) based materials with a tunable performance were prepared for food packaging applications. Five blends were prepared by blending TPS with 10 wt%. of different pine resins derivatives: gum rosin (GR), disproportionated gum rosin (RD), maleic anhydride-modified gum rosin (CM), pentaerythritol ester of gum rosin (LF), and glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG). The materials were characterized in terms of thermo-mechanical behavior, surface wettability, color performance, water absorption, X-ray diffraction pattern, and disintegration under composting conditions. It was determined that pine resin derivatives increase the hydrophobicity of TPS and also increase the elastic component of TPS which stiffen the TPS structure. The water uptake study revealed that GR and LF were able to decrease the water absorption of TPS, while the rest of the resins kept the water uptake ability. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that GR, CM, and RD restrain the aging of TPS after 24 months of aging. Finally, all TPS-resin blends were disintegrated under composting conditions during the thermophilic incubation period (90 days). Because of the TPS-resin blend's performance, the prepared materials are suitable for biodegradable rigid food packaging applications.This research was funded by MINECO, with the project: PROMADEPCOL: MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R.Pavón-Vargas, CP.; Aldás-Carrasco, MF.; López-Martínez, J.; Hernández-Fernández, J.; Arrieta, MP. (2021). Films Based on Thermoplastic Starch Blended with Pine Resin Derivatives for Food Packaging. Foods. 10(6):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061171S11610

Consecuencias de la aplicación del riego para atenuar los efectos del calentamiento global en el viñedo

Es de vital importancia ampliar el conocimiento de cómo va afectar a al cultivo de la vid las premisas del cambio climático y qué técnicas pueden mitigar sus negativas consecuencias. Con este principal objetivo durante cuatro años se ha estado realizando el proyecto CENIT-DEMÉTER, en el que han intervenido numerosas bodegas y centros de investigación a nivel nacional. Los resultados reflejan que la aplicación de riego es una buena técnica para atenuar las situaciones de estrés hídrico, tanto a nivel de desarrollo vegetativo como a nivel de maduración, adecuando las necesidades particulares de cada zona y añada

Implementación del método de aprendizaje activo y colaborativo en las prácticas de laboratorio de Materiales Ecoeficientes en modalidad virtual

[EN] During the 2020/21 academic year, the active and collaborative learning methodology was implemented in the development of a laboratory practice of the Eco-efficient Materials course of the second year of the University Master's Degree in Engineering, Processing and Characterization of Materials, in virtual modality. The use of this methodology aims to promote student participation and increase their level of responsibility in the laboratory practice, making use of the advantages of a virtual modality. Before carrying out the practice, students were given a script and then an explanatory session and resolution of doubts was held. The practices were carried out in a virtual and synchronous way. The students were responsible for setting the parameters and the teacher was in charge of reproducing them in the laboratory. The objective of this work was to observe the behavior of the students in decision-making, to appreciate if they acquired the necessary knowledge for the development of the practice and to solve the problems that may arise during it. Subsequently, the learning methodology between a virtual and a face-to-face modality was compared, and an active and collaborative learning methodology was developed that can be applied in either of the two scenarios.[ES] Durante el curso 2020/21 se implementó la metodología de aprendizaje activo y colaborativo en el desarrollo de una práctica de laboratorio de la asignatura Materiales ecoeficientes del segundo curso del Máster Universitario en Ingeniería, Procesado y Caracterización de Materiales, en modalidad virtual. El uso de la metodología buscaba promover la participación de los estudiantes y aumentar su nivel de responsabilidad en la práctica, haciendo uso de las ventajas de una modalidad virtual. Antes de la realización de la práctica, se entregó a los alumnos un guión y después se realizó una sesión explicativa y de resolución de dudas. Las prácticas se realizaron de forma virtual y sincrónica. Los estudiantes eran los responsables de fijar los parámetros y el profesor el encargado de reproducirlas en el laboratorio. El objetivo de este trabajo fue observar el comportamiento de los alumnos en la toma de decisiones, apreciar si adquirían el conocimiento necesario para el desarrollo de la práctica y la resolución de los problemas que pueden surgir durante la misma. Posteriormente se comparó la metodología de aprendizaje entre una modalidad virtual y una presencial, y se desarrolló una metodología de aprendizaje activo y colaborativo que pueda aplicarse en cualquiera de los dos escenarios.Pavón Vargas, CP.; Aldas, M.; Samper Madrigal, MD.; López Martínez, J. (2021). Implementación del método de aprendizaje activo y colaborativo en las prácticas de laboratorio de Materiales Ecoeficientes en modalidad virtual. En IN-RED 2021: VII Congreso de Innovación Edicativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 575-584. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2021.2021.13794OCS57558

Evaluación de los conocimientos y de la aplicación de la tetanalgesia en una unidad de neonatología

Introduction: During the hospitalization, newborn children are subjected to constant painful and stressful procedures. There is evidence that breastfeeding makes an analgesic effect. This is known as Tetanalgesia.Enfermería Global Nº 38 Abril 2015 Página 34Objective: To value the knowledge of health professionals on tetanalgesia and analyze the causes of their lack of implantation during painful procedures realized to hospitalize newborn children.Material and Methods: Was realized an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study, using a validated questionnaire auto completed by health professionals in the Unit of Neonatology of the Hospital University Virgen del Rocío (Seville).Results and Conclusions: Of the total study population (51 health professionals), only 45% knew the concept of tetanalgesia what it denotes the deficit of formation in the matter. Of these, only 22% apply it. The main causes of non-applicability were lack of consensus among the professionals (55,56%) and lack of time (38,89%),factors related to teamwork and working conditions.Introducción: Durante la hospitalización, los neonatos están sometidos a constantes procedimientos dolorosos y estresantes. Está demostrado que la lactancia materna realiza un efecto analgésico. Este beneficio analgésico se conoce como tetanalgesia.Objetivo: Valorar el conocimiento de los profesionales sanitarios sobre la tetanalgesia y analizar las causas de su falta de implantación durante los procedimientos dolorosos realizados en el neonato hospitalizado.Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo, mediante un cuestionario validado autocumplimentado por los profesionales sanitarios en la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla).Resultados y Conclusiones: Del total de la población estudiada, 51 profesionales sanitarios, sólo el 45% conoce el concepto de tetanalgesia lo que denota el déficit de formación al respecto. De estos, sólo el 22% lo aplica. Las causas principales de la no aplicabilidad fueron la falta de consenso de los profesionales (55,56%) y la falta de tiempo (38,89%), factores relacionados con el trabajo de equipo y con las condiciones de trabaj

Estrategias didácticas como herramientas motivacionales para desarrollar la comprensión lectora en la asignatura de ciencias sociales en los estudiantes de tercer grado del Colegio Público Andrés Vega Bolaños, departamento de Masaya, durante el segundo semestre del año escolar 2022

Esta investigación está centrada en aportar a la modalidad de educación primaria en la asignatura de Ciencias Sociales por lo que tiene como propósito brindar estrategias didácticas como herramientas motivacionales para desarrollar la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes de tercer grado del Colegio Público Andrés Vega Bolaños ubicado en la ciudad de Masaya durante el segundo semestre del año lectivo 2022. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se realizó un diagnóstico educativo en el segundo semestre del año lectivo 2022, que permitió identificar las dificultades educativas, las cuales se sometieron a un proceso de selección, evidenciando como resultados las necesidades de desarrollar la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes, ya que ellos no interpretaban el contenido de un texto. Como resultado del estudio se elaboró un manual de estrategias didácticas dirigidas a los docentes con el fin de intercambiar experiencias y que ayudarán a mejorar en los estudiantes la problemática encontrada. Posteriormente se desarrollaron planes didácticos de intervención a clases donde se llevó a la práctica estrategias didácticas que permitieron contribuir a la motivación lectora en los estudiantes, cambiando la metodología de una clase pasiva a una clase activa participativa conjugado con el uso de herramientas tecnológicas. De igual manera se realizaron estrategias didácticas motivacionales y prácticas con los estudiantes, permitiendo el desarrollo de las habilidades y destrezas que facilitan el aprendizaje y contribuyendo con el docente a fortalecer estrategias motivacionales encontradas en el manual para mantener así su clase con una metodología integradora en el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora en la asignatura de Ciencias Sociales. Palabras claves: Estrategias didácticas, comprensión lectora, motivación, TI